What is the story of Xiaoshan’s Anti-Japanese War?

The many place names in Xiaoshan hide the story of Xiaoshan’s soldiers and civilians rising up to fight against Japan. Putting these place names together, it is an unyielding history of the army and people’s resistance to Japan. It is also a story of “sacrifice one’s life to serve the country” and “sacrificing one’s country and one’s family” to resolutely fight against foreign aggression. National cultural memory of invasion. There are also place names such as Military Ridge and Fortress Taiwan produced during the Anti-Japanese War. With the development of society and the evolution of the environment, some of these place names have become historical place names and some are known to fewer and fewer people. However, these place names Some place names record the war-torn past, while others record the brutal crimes of the Japanese army, leaving us with unforgettable memories. On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, we specially compiled this publication so that we can remember these place names and the evocative past events they contain, remember history, never forget the national humiliation, and realize our dream of China.

Unforgettable the years of blood and fire - the Anti-Japanese War and the place name of Xiaoshan

On July 7, the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), the Anti-Japanese War broke out in full force. On November 5 of the same year, after the Japanese invaders landed at Jinshanwei, Xiaoshan began to suffer from war. On November 30, Japanese aggressor aircraft bombed Xiaoshan County in 28 sorties. Hangzhou fell on December 24, and Xiaoshan across the river became the anti-Japanese front line in eastern Zhejiang. Place names are historical records. The following place names are strung together to evoke and restore the memory of blood and fire during the Anti-Japanese War.

1. The place name Military Ridge records that Xiaoshan was the anti-Japanese frontier in eastern Zhejiang at that time

Military Ridge is a place name that evolved from military facilities during the Anti-Japanese War. After the fall of Hangzhou, the Chinese army stationed in Xiaoshan and the people of Xiaoshan braved enemy fire, repaired fortifications day and night, and rose up to fight. The Xiaoshan County Government of the Kuomintang recruited migrant workers and built a line of fortifications from Yingfeng Xinzhong Village to Lier Village (now part of Ningwei Street), more than 3,800 meters long, and built 12 bunkers. The embankment is called "ridge" by Xiaoshan people. This nearly 4,000-meter-long fortification is called "Military Ridge" by local villagers. The 63rd and 62nd Divisions of the Kuomintang and the 7th Zhejiang Security Regiment were stationed here successively.

Military Ridge no longer exists, and not many people know the name of this place. But at that time, Xiaoshan's military and civilians relied on the fortifications of the military ridge to repel the Japanese invasion of the south of the Yangtze River again and again, and faced off against the Japanese invaders entrenched in Hangzhou across the river for two years. This shows that Xiaoshan was the anti-Japanese frontier in eastern Zhejiang at that time.

2. The two place names of Liubaimutou and Shuangshanzui record the sad history of the Japanese army’s sneak crossing of the Qiantang River and the fall of Xiaoshan

Liubaimutou and Shuangshanzui, we now know these places There are fewer and fewer people with these two place names. Six Hundred Mu Head, originally the Qiantang River tidal flat, was later named the land parcel, located in Yingfeng Liujia. On the eve of liberation, the Kuomintang Army troops acquired grassland in "Six Hundred Mu Head" to build a military airport and built a temporary runway. However, it was not put into use after completion. After liberation, the airport land was first allocated to Yingfeng Labor Reform Farm. After the farm was abolished, it was transferred to Qianjiang Farm. Shuangshanzui refers to the ridge area between Beigan Mountain and Changshan Mountain. Mountain mouth refers to the tip of the protruding mountain foot, and the area between mountain mouths is called Shuangshanzui. Xiaoshan people who have experienced the Anti-Japanese War will think of the tragic and humiliating history of Xiaoshan County when Xiaoshan County fell and Japanese invaders occupied Xiaoshan in the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940) when mentioning these two place names.

On January 21, the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940) (the 13th day of the twelfth month of the Yimao year of the lunar calendar), there was heavy snow. At night, the snow gets heavier. The Japanese troops who invaded Hangzhou assembled 70 or 80 motorboats near the Qianjiang River Bridge and braved the snow to force the crossing. The Kuomintang defenders on the south bank of the Qianjiang River fought hard and fought fiercely for more than an hour, repelling the Japanese troops again and again. At midnight, the Japanese Matsui troops used heavy snow as cover at Sibao (near today's Qianjiang Second Bridge). Wearing white clothes, they quietly rowed rubber boats and smuggled to Yingfeng Liubaimutou and landed. In the morning, another group of Japanese troops landed at the Qianjiang Ferry Terminal.

After the Japanese invaders landed, they crossed Ningwei all the way through the night, seized Changshantou, and captured Xixing all the way, forming a pincer attack on the county town. The Kuomintang Xiaoshan County Government rushed to respond, and two county self-defense squadrons set up ambushes in Beiganshan and Ximen. Unexpectedly, the Japanese army did not enter through the west gate, nor did they invade through Beigan Mountain, but went straight to the east gate from the Shuangshanzui path. The Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Forces waiting in the west and north of the city retreated across the board. Among them, the Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Squadron ambushing in Beigan Mountain retreated to the outskirts of the city to encounter the enemy and started a fierce battle. However, they were outnumbered and suffered heavy casualties. At 10:20 am on the 22nd, Xiaoshan County fell. The Kuomintang Xiaoshan County Government moved south again to Heshangdian. The fall of Xiaoshan enabled the Japanese invading army to break through the defense line in eastern Zhejiang and opened the door to invade Zhejiang and Jiangxi.

3. The two place names of Pao Taiwan and Dayao Mountain record the criminal acts of the Japanese army after they invaded Xiaoshan.

When mentioning these two place names, older Xiaoshan people will know Recalling the criminal acts of the Japanese invaders who built bunkers, occupied points, raped, burned and killed after occupying Xiaoshan, the people of Xiaoshan lived a life of blood and tears from then on.

The Changshan Zhihe River located between Shengle Village, Xinxin Street Street and Xinhua Village, Ningwei Street, was called Paotai by the locals before liberation. In January of the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), Xiaoshan fell. In order to control the area along the Qiantang River, the Japanese invaders built a bunker in Shengle Village on the east bank of the river. The Xiaoshansha area calls the fort a fort and the river a bay, so it is called the artillery Taiwan.

A barbed wire fence was pulled up around the fort, making it look eerily like a murderous den. On the eighty-nine-meter-high fort, a machine gun was mounted. Several Japanese soldiers wore yellow dog skins and black riding boots. They held rifles with plaster flags in their hands. Sometimes they looked around with telescopes, sometimes they pointed here and there with their rifles, and they were having fun. Randomly fire off a few shots.

Dayao Mountain is located to the east of Wenyan and is the throat of the Puyang River, Fuchun River and Qiantang River. On the afternoon of January 22, the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940) (the fourteenth day of the twelfth lunar month), the Japanese invading army forcibly crossed the Qiantang River and occupied Dayao Mountain, Huoshaojian and Dongshan Chencun. Then the Japanese invading army arrested people everywhere and built five bunkers in the village, Dayao Mountain and Huoshaojian. In order to build the fortress, almost all the houses in Chencun, Dongshan were burned down. After the bunker was built, Japanese soldiers shelled nearby villages at will, and also went to surrounding villages to rape, burn, and kill. At that time, Dongwang Village was deeply affected, and the folk song went: "Dongwang, Dongwang, tears come to my eyes!"

4. Place names such as Huzhao Mountain, Yanjiafan, and Tangwu recorded that the soldiers and civilians of Xiaoshan were sniper attacks The Japanese invaded and fought bravely

In mid-February of the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), the Japanese invading army invaded Yiqiao in three groups. One line landed on the west bank of the Puyang River Estuary, the other landed on the Kongjiabu on the east bank of the Puyang River, and invaded both sides of the Puyang River Estuary. Its motorboats headed straight to the south of Yiqiao; the other line landed on the Dawan Mountain on the south bank of Xianghu Lake and headed towards Yi. Bridge attack. The Chinese army fought a series of fierce battles with the Japanese invading troops near Yiqiao.

Tiger Claw Mountain is shaped like a tiger claw, hence its name, and is also called Fujia Mountain. It is located in the northwest of Yiqiao Town, straddling the Puyang River Estuary and Xianghu Lake. Chinese troops guarded Tiger Claw Mountain and controlled the Puyang River Estuary. On February 14, the Japanese invaders continued to bombard the Chinese garrison positions on Tiger Claw Mountain with heavy artillery throughout the day. At three or four o'clock in the afternoon, the Japanese infantry attacked Tiger Claw Mountain under the cover of artillery fire. The Chinese defenders repelled enemy attacks time and time again. That night, Japanese reinforcements landed at Puyang River Estuary. The next day, more than 250 Japanese troops rushed into Yiqiao Town. At dusk, the Japanese army attacked Huzhao Mountain from behind. Although the Chinese defenders faced a two-sided battle, they responded calmly, using their reserves to repel the enemies behind them, and pursued them to the town. After four hours of fierce street fighting, in the early morning of the 16th, the Japanese troops withdrew from Yiqiao Town and fled eastward.

Yanjiafan was located southeast of Yiqiao. On February 16 (the ninth day of the first lunar month), a squadron of the Japanese invading army passed by the top of the Xia Mountain and invaded Yiqiao along the Xihe River. At that time, the 190th Division of the Kuomintang was camped in Fujiashan, Zhaojiashan, and Maoshan; the 192nd Division was in ambush at Mianquan Mountain in Duijiang. When the Japanese army entered Yanjiafan Waitang, the Fujiashan position issued an order, and the Mianquan Mountain ambush troops fired machine guns. The Japanese army was forced to rush into Yanjiafan Village. The 190th Division immediately mobilized its troops and surrounded Yanjiafan. The Japanese army used large camphor trees and houses as cover and resisted stubbornly. Although the 190th Division suffered serious casualties, it still launched many charges. The two armies were in a stalemate for two days and two nights.

After the Japanese Matsui troops learned that their troops were ambushed in Yanjiafan, they sent two planes to drop food over Yanjiafan, and sent more than 250 cavalry and infantry reinforcements. The 190th Division was forced to withdraw. In this battle, more than 40 Japanese invaders were killed, and more than 130 soldiers of the 190th Division were killed.

After the Japanese army invaded Yiqiao, they were blocked by the Chinese defenders and stagnated. The Japanese army attempted to concentrate its forces and forcefully move south. After receiving the news, the 192nd Division of the Kuomintang quietly prepared to ambush the Japanese invading army in Dangqiling. Dangqiling is located between Dong Village and Lingshan Village (now Banshan Village) in the town of Daicun, and borders the foothills of Yunshi Qidu Mountain to the northwest. Although the ridge is not high, it is a shortcut from Yiqiao to the river and the tower. It is also the only way for the Japanese army to go south. In addition, the mountains to the west of the ridge are steep and wooded, shaped like a dustpan, making it an ideal ambush battlefield. Chinese military and civilians gathered in Lijiawu. In order to prevent the leakage of information, sentries were placed on the traffic thoroughfares in the Dai Village and Yunshi Qidu Mountain areas. On February 15th (the eighth day of the first lunar month), we made a fire to cook at dusk and entered the pre-ambush position at midnight.

On the 16th, a group of Japanese troops, fully armed, rushed toward Dangqiling from Yiqiao in a showy manner. When the Japanese troops entered the ambush circle, they were hit head-on. They were caught off guard and retreated one after another. When the Japanese army realized that they had been ambushed, they immediately organized a frenzied counterattack, using tall and powerful ocean horses and sophisticated equipment to rush towards the positions of Chinese soldiers and civilians. However, they were met with tenacious sniper firepower from the 192nd Division. The two sides fought fiercely for a long time, but the Japanese invaders were still unable to break through the defense lines of the Chinese military and civilians, and had to flee in confusion. As soon as the fighting started, the local people actively participated in the fighting. Carrying water, delivering meals, transporting ammunition, and rescuing the wounded. When the army issued a pursuit order, the Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Forces organized by the common people were even more brave and tenacious, charging ahead. In this battle, dozens of Japanese soldiers were killed and injured, three horses were captured, and one person was captured. Several people from the 192nd Division died. The Battle of Dangqiling greatly damaged the arrogance of the Japanese army, inspired the confidence and determination of local soldiers and civilians to fight against the Japanese invaders, and left a glorious page in the history of Xiaoshan's Anti-Japanese War.

Tangwu is located in Maocaowan Mountain Wu. Because there was a dike and pond built in the west of the village, it was called Tangwu. On February 17, the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), the Japanese invaders crossed the Qiantang River from Shadu River, passed through Xu Xian Township, and invaded along the Zhejiang-Jiangxi Railway. After hearing the news, the 192nd Division stationed at the foot of Fuyang Ridge, led by division commander Wu Da, stationed in Shen Village, and sent the 119th Regiment to guard Maotou Mountain for an ambush. The Japanese army was unprepared and rushed into battle. The two sides launched a fierce and desperate battle. In the end, the Japanese invaders failed and were forced to retreat to Tangwu Village and set up their headquarters in the home of the village school teacher Shen Peilan. The 119th Regiment surrounded Tangwu, but due to the unknown enemy situation, a confrontation situation formed. Seeing this scene, Shen Peilan, regardless of personal safety, sneaked out from the back door, rushed to the Kuomintang army position, and reported the enemy's command location and enemy firepower points. After understanding the enemy's situation, the 119th Regiment quickly launched an attack, concentrating firepower and bombarding the Japanese command post (i.e. Shen Peilan's house) with mortars. The Japanese army suddenly lost its "barrier" and became chaotic. The 192nd Division was divided into three groups. The center attacked Tangwu directly from Hejiaqiao, the left wing advanced in a roundabout way towards Anshan Bay behind Tangwu Village, and the right wing attacked from Guanyin Bridge. Surrounded on three sides, more than 200 Japanese troops in Tangwu were finally wiped out and all the baggage was seized. In order to praise Shen Peilan, the Zhejiang Provincial Relief Society specially allocated a scholarship of 600 yuan, and the National Government awarded her a plaque with the words "Forgetting the country and forgetting home" written by Yu Youren. In March and April of that year, "Southeast Daily", "Ta Kung Pao", and "Sweeping Daily" all reported on Shen Peilan's feat, saying that Shen "is such a weak Chinese woman who is not afraid of hardships and dangers, which is really commendable." More than 30 Kuomintang soldiers who died in this battle were buried on Qipai Mountain in Shencun.

Phoenix Mountain is located in Yaqian Town, with an altitude of 90 meters. It is named because the mountain looks like a phoenix lying on the ground. This has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. In the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), in order to prevent the Japanese invasion of Shaoxing, about 4,000 officers and soldiers of the Eighth Detachment of the Tenth Group Army of the Kuomintang stationed in Yaqian Town and Weijia Village at the foot of Fenghuang Mountain were stationed in Changshan and Xinjie. , Gongshan (now Kanshan) three-way road to block the Japanese army. The fifth and sixth detachments of the Kuomintang were ordered to come for reinforcements, so there were more than 10,000 Kuomintang officers and soldiers at the foot of Phoenix Mountain. In the early morning of February 17, the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940) (the tenth day of the first lunar month), the Japanese army divided into two groups, dispatching armored vehicles and heavy weapons to enter from Changshan via Xinlin Zhoudatang, and then passed Qianqing from Anchang and went straight down from the south. The Ruyi Temple landed about 200 meters away from the Kuomintang garrison. At about 8 o'clock in the morning that day, two groups of Japanese troops attacked the Kuomintang troops from the left and right. Although more than 10,000 Kuomintang officers and soldiers put up a desperate resistance for more than 10 hours, they were unable to defeat the Japanese army due to backward equipment, and thousands of officers and soldiers were killed or injured. In the evening, the large troops evacuated towards Yangxun Bridge. However, when they arrived at the bridge, they discovered that Yangxun Bridge had been bombed by the Japanese army. Facing a river thirty to forty meters wide, the Kuomintang troops had no choice but to crawl across the river on fish foils. It was the middle of winter, and the officers and soldiers were wearing cotton-padded jackets and trousers and carrying guns and ammunition. If they accidentally fell into the river, many officers and soldiers fell into the river. Drowned in the Xixiao River. Another group of Kuomintang troops, led by a villager from the Wei family, crossed Mojialing, crossed Zhaodong Dayi Tailei Bridge, and retreated safely toward Xindian, Shaoxing. At around 8 p.m., the Japanese army conquered the defense line and occupied Yaqian.

A peak of Dongshu Mountain stands alone in the east of Nanmen River, while a peak of Xishu Mountain is isolated in Nanmenjiangxi. There is a Zhangpan Bridge on the Nanmen River. This bridge is the passage between the East and West Shu Mountains. Both mountains are less than 50 meters above sea level, but they were the commanding heights of the Shushan Plain and the southern gate of the county. Nanmen River is also the main waterway in front of the county town leading to Linpu, Yiqiao and Suo. Whoever occupies these two mountains can control the water transportation line of Nanmen River.

In May of the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), the Chinese army repeatedly blocked the Japanese and puppet troops in the East Shushan and West Shushan areas. On May 15, the Chinese army blocked the Third Battalion of the Wang Puppet Army in Dongshu Mountain, and the puppet battalion leader Xu Jianqin was killed. On the 17th, the Japanese and puppet troops raided the area south of the city. The Chinese army fought hard to block it and seized the East Shushan and West Shushan. The Japanese and puppet troops suffered nearly a hundred casualties, and Chen Guanying, a major in the puppet army's brigade, was killed. On May 20, hundreds of Japanese and puppet troops, commanded by Captain Nakajima, and under the cover of artillery, launched an attack on the Chinese army in the south of the city. East Shushan and West Shushan were lost. In the afternoon, the Chinese army launched a counterattack, recaptured East and West Shushan, and attacked Yue Bridge. The Japanese and puppet troops strengthened their resistance and the Yue Da Bridge was regained and lost three or four times. As a result, the Chinese army recovered and the Japanese army was repulsed. In this battle, the Japanese and puppet troops suffered more than 150 casualties, Nakajima was injured, and the Chinese army suffered more than 100 casualties.

In May of the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), the 3rd Battalion and 8th Company of the 507th Regiment of the 190th Division of the Kuomintang stationed in Xiashandai, Shanlian Village, Suoqian Town, received an order to immediately go to the west. Shushan took over the defense. The Eighth Company immediately advanced to Xishu Mountain. Unexpectedly, the intelligence was wrong and the Japanese army had set up an ambush in Xishu Mountain. The officers and soldiers of the Eighth Company walked to the river on the east side of Zhangpan Bridge, and the soldiers went down to the river to drink water. At this time, the Japanese heavy machine guns rang out, and the crazy strafing caused heavy casualties to the Eighth Company. The Eighth Company is located in a flat area, and the Japanese army is commanding them. The terrain is very unfavorable to the Eighth Company. The officers and soldiers of the Eighth Company wore wicker hats and hid in the fields, and the two sides launched a gun battle across the Nanmen River. From eight or nine o'clock in the morning to noon, we had not yet hit Zhangpan Bridge. The barrel of the gun was too hot to hold, so we had to wrap it in a towel and continue shooting. The soldiers were eager to avenge their brothers and their fighting spirit was high. In the afternoon, they finally crossed Zhangpan Bridge and captured Xishu Mountain, forcing the Japanese invaders to flee into Xiaoshan City. The Eighth Company fought bravely and was called the "loyal and brave division". In this battle, company commander Cheng Like, 15 squad and platoon leaders, and more soldiers died. He was later buried on the hillside of Heron's neck in Xiashandai Village in front of Suoqian. There are still "Tombs of Soldiers Fallen in the Anti-Japanese War" and epitaphs. After the Zhangpanqiao battle, the Japanese invaders entrenched in Xiaoshan did not dare to leave the city to commit evil for a long time.

During the Anti-Japanese War, Xiaoshan was the main battlefield in eastern Zhejiang.

5. Heshangdian, during the Anti-Japanese War, was the seat of the Xiaoshan County Government of the Kuomintang and the command center of the Xiaoshan Anti-Japanese War.

Heshang Store is located in the upper reaches of Yongxing River, hence its name. It was formerly known as Monk Store, now Heshang Town. Speaking of Heshang Store, we will think of the two times the Kuomintang Xiaoshan County Government moved south to Heshang Store during the Anti-Japanese War. On November 30, the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937) (the twenty-eighth day of the tenth lunar month), Japanese invading aircraft made 28 sorties and bombed Xiaoshan County in turns for more than two hours, dropping more than 100 heavy bombs and reducing the county to ruins. The Kuomintang county government was forced to move south to Heshangdian, and in August of the following year, it moved back to the county seat. On January 22, the 29th year of the Republic of China, Xiaoshan County fell, and the Kuomintang Xiaoshan County Government moved south to Heshangdian again. In April of the following year, the Japanese invading army divided its forces in three directions and surrounded Heshang Town. The Xiaoshan County Government of the Kuomintang was attacked on three sides and fled to Dongyang Xian in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Then they took the water route through Lanxi, Jiande and Fuyang and returned to Heshang Town until the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. Heshangdian was the seat of Xiaoshan County Government of the Kuomintang during the Anti-Japanese War. At that time, the Xiaoshan County Government was stationed in Fenghuangwu, Heshangdian, which is now Fengwu Village, Heshang Town. The four county magistrates of Xiaoshan County of the Kuomintang, as well as the anti-Japanese self-defense team, military industry team and political engineering team of the Xiaoshan County Working Committee of the Communist Party of China, were stationed in Fengwu Village. This was the command center of the Xiaoshan Anti-Japanese War at that time. For more than five years, because the county government was relocated here, Fengwu Village in Heshang Town became an important target of attacks by the Japanese invading army and suffered key attacks and bloody bombings by the Japanese army. By May 1944, more than 30 private houses used by the county government in Fengwu Village were burned down by the Japanese army. Two scenic spots and historic sites, Wenchang Pavilion and Yanjiang Temple, were bombed. Dozens of innocent people were shot dead by the Japanese army.