Knowledge points in the first volume of seventh grade Chinese

People's Education Edition Language Volume I 1 Spring

First of all, keywords

1. Add some words below.

When the water rises (zh ǐ ng), it becomes tender (nèn), and when the water turns (w ǐ n), it turns to respond (h ǐ) to hold an umbrella.

2. Write the corresponding Chinese characters according to Pinyin.

The nest curtain (su) of the brooding bird (cháo) withers, wears a hat (Lu) and shakes.

3. Explain the words added in the following sentences.

(1) (bird) called friends to show off his crisp throat and sang melody. Show off: Show off.

(2) At night, the lights are turned on, and a little yellow light sets off a quiet and peaceful night. Contrast: set off.

Hug: Understand the meaning of words in context.

4. Fill in the blanks with proper verbs.

The grass crawled out of the soil.

(2) "Blowing your face is not cold", yes, just like a mother's hand stroking you.

Hundreds of bees are buzzing under the flowers.

There is a thin layer of smoke on the roof.

Second, key sentences

1. Peach, apricot and pear trees, you won't let me, and I won't let you, all of them are in full bloom. Red is like fire, pink is like chardonnay and white is like snow.

2. Wildflowers are everywhere: miscellaneous, named and unnamed, scattered in the grass, like eyes, like stars, and blinking.

Three. Key paragraph

Write the last three paragraphs of "Spring" silently.

Spring is like a newborn doll. It is new from head to toe, and it is growing.

Spring is like a little girl, dressed up and walking with a smile.

Spring is like a strong young man with steel arms and waist, leading us forward.

Fourth, literary common sense.

1. Spring is a poetic lyric prose.

2. The author of Spring is Zhu Ziqing, an essayist, poet and scholar. His famous essays include The Back and Moonlight on the Lotus Pond.

People's education edition 2 7 th grade Chinese first volume knowledge points. Narrative person (three kinds of person)

1, the first person ("first person" can give people a kind, natural and true feeling. Writing "I" in the first person is most suitable for describing the psychological activities of the characters. What you see, hear, do and feel can be expressed through the description of psychological activities. When writing "he" in the first person, it is most suitable to write about the appearance, language and movements of the characters, because it is more objective to write "he" with the impression of "I". The first person's description of my appearance and his psychological activities must be accompanied by imitation, so as to convince the readers. To write "I", you can write: "You can imagine how red my face was." To write about his psychological activities, you can write: "I feel relaxed." )

2, the second person said (role: enhance the lyricism and intimacy of the article, and facilitate emotional communication. )

3, the third person (role: can show colorful life more directly and objectively, not limited by time and space, and reflect reality more flexibly and freely. )

Second, the narrative way (or "narrative order") (3)

1, in chronological order-in chronological order. The structural model of sequence type is: total narrative+sub-narrative (sub-narrative 1+ sub-narrative 2+ sub-narrative 3+ sub-narrative n)+ ending. Function: clearly stated.

2, flashback-the end of the event or an important chapter in its development process was mentioned in front of the article, write the end or chapter, and then write it in chronological order. Function: This kind of brushwork can arouse suspense and attract readers.

3. Interpolation (supplementary narrative is a kind of interpolation)-For the full text, interpolation is only a fragment. After the insertion, the article still goes back to the original event narrative. This kind of insertion is not the main part of the narrative, and generally does not occur in the mainstream time range. If this episode is deleted, it will weaken the profundity of the theme, but it will not obviously affect the integrity of the main plot. Function: make the plot more complete, the structure more rigorous and the content more substantial. Supplementary function: supplement and explain the above contents, and explain the following contents.

(There is an unusual narrative called "telling the story straight", which is commonly known as "two flowers bloom, each with a flower on its face", which means telling two or more things that happen at the same time, so that the clues are clear and handled properly. )

Third, describe

Generally speaking, description has the following functions: ① Reproduce natural scenery. ② Describe the appearance and inner world of the characters. ③ Explain the natural and social environment of the characters' activities.

1. Five description methods of characters: portrait (appearance) description, language description, action description, psychological description and expression description.

Function: better express the inner world and personality characteristics of the characters. Depicting characters' personalities, reflecting their psychological activities and promoting the development of stories. Wait a minute. When you give a specific answer, you should be clear about what your personality and psychology are.

2. Two kinds of environmental descriptions: the description of natural environment-describing the natural scenery in detail, creating an atmosphere, and setting off the emotions and thoughts of the characters. Set off the emotions of the characters and render the atmosphere.

Description of social environment-explain the background of people's activities, explain the time and place of events, render the atmosphere, and better express people.

3. Front description and side description: The front directly represents people and things; Highlight people and things from the side.

4. Detail description: Describe the characters' personalities, reflect their psychological activities and promote the development of the story. It can also describe the voice of characters and receive special effects.

Fourth, rhetoric.

1, metaphor: make the language vivid and increase the color of the language. Turn plain into vivid, abstruse into simple, abstract into concrete image.

2. personification: writing things into adults makes the language vivid. Give things human form and emotion (personification), depict vivid images and express rich meanings.

3, parallelism: enhance the language momentum, strengthen the expression effect. The narrative is thorough and detailed; Good at lyric.

4. exaggeration: highlight something or emphasize a certain feeling. Set off the atmosphere, enhance the appeal and enhance the association; Create an atmosphere, reveal the essence and inspire people.

5. Rhetorical question: it plays an important role and enhances the positive (negative) tone.

6. Ask questions: ask yourself and answer yourself, ask questions, and arouse readers' attention and thinking.

7. Duality: make the language concise and neat, and have a sense of music; Lyric and hearty; Easy to recite and remember.

8. Repetition: Repeated emphasis, leaving a deep impression; The scenery is lyrical and infectious; Connect the preceding with the following, and distinguish the levels.

Note: The above only briefly introduces the functions of various rhetorical devices. When answering questions, be sure to combine the specific content to avoid being empty.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) structural arrangement

Layout planning skills: cut to the chase, echo from beginning to end, show great plans, pave the way, deepen layer by layer, over-spread, set clues; Compact structure and complete symmetry; Lift the ground and take care of it; Set suspense, create waves, connect and merge, twists and turns. Whether the relationship between materials and the center is properly handled and whether the primary and secondary details are appropriate; Whether the materials are typical, authentic, novel and powerful.

Narrative texts are usually arranged according to the passage of time, the transformation of space, the change of scenes and the logical order of thinking. The clue of prose conception is generally as follows: (1) Take emotion as the clue; Take reason as the clue; Take things as clues; Take spatial location as a clue.

Clarify the function of sentences in different positions in the text from the structure;

1, the first sentence-the full text is quoted, and the outline leads to the following, paving the way for the following;

2, the last sentence-summarize the full text, deepen the theme, take care of the above, echo before and after, meaning is still unfinished, memorable.

3, into a sentence-connecting the preceding with the following, transition, undertaking the above, leading to the following;

4, the central sentence-point out the center and reveal the main idea;

5, the finishing touch sentence-point out the center of the full text and lead the full text; The sentence is profound and thought-provoking, and it can enlighten people after reading.

6, emotional sentences-express strong inner feelings, directly express their own chest;

7. Contradictory sentence-it is self-contradictory literally, but the author has profound intention. Reveal profound connotation and express profound views.

(1) The structural features of narrative (prose)

(1) Organize materials in chronological order or in the order of occurrence and development of events.

② Arrange materials according to the transformation of observation points, such as My Castle in the Air.

(3) Arrange the materials according to the layout of the site, such as "Visiting Ancient Inner Mongolia".

(4) Arrange the structure according to the nature of materials, such as "trivial memories".

⑤ Arrange materials according to the author's cognitive process or emotional changes. Like litchi honey.

⑥ Arrange materials according to what the author sees, hears, feels and thinks as writing clues.

Sixth, the expression begins to analyze the meaning of the sentence.

Five ways of expression: narration, description, explanation, lyricism and discussion.

Explanation: when expressing ideas in words, there is a problem of methods or means, which people are used to calling expression.

For example, narration, description and lyricism are the main expressions, argumentation is the main expression, and explanation is the main expression.

1, the discussion in narrative often plays the role of making the finishing point and revealing the narrative purpose and significance;

2. Narration in argumentative essays often plays an explanatory role;

3. The description and writing style in the explanatory text have played a role in making the works more vivid and vivid.

4. The writing method of alternating narrative and discussion makes the article explain and discuss in a relaxed and lively way, which is both interesting and enlightening to read. The narrative in the article serves the discussion, which is based on narrative, which provides factual basis for the discussion and makes the argument well-founded and convincing.

Seven, punctuation marks

1, five uses of quotation marks: ① table quotation ② table irony or negation ③ table specific title ④ table emphasis or emphasis ⑤ special meaning;

2. Five uses of dashes: ① table annotation ② table insertion ③ table sound interruption, continuation ④ table topic conversion ⑤ table meaning progressive;

3. Six usages of ellipsis: ① Omit the contents of the table; ② Intermittent predication; (3) the form is incomplete due to grabbing the vernacular; 4 emotional contradictions; 5 thinking jump; ⑤ Thinking is in progress;

Eight, ten common writing skills

Symbol, contrast, foil, contrast, bedding, care (echo), direct (indirect) description, promotion and suppression (want to promote first), lyrical with scenery, figurative with things.

Symbols express the essential characteristics of a person and a social phenomenon through the concrete image of a certain characteristic. Example: Haiyan symbolizes the image of a proletarian revolutionary pioneer with great wisdom and courage.

Compare two opposite things or two opposite aspects of a thing, and highlight the main features of the main thing or thing. Example: Haiyan The tall image of Haiyan contrasts with the cowardly images of sea ducks, seagulls and penguins, highlighting the distinctive characteristics of Haiyan's courage and courage to fight.

The main features of ontology are set off from two angles. Example: Praise of Poplar begins with a description of the growth environment of poplars-the majestic northwest plateau, which sets off the tall image of poplars standing proudly.

Lyricism by borrowing scenery is to express the author's sincere thoughts and feelings by describing concrete and vivid natural scenery or life scenes.

Example: The article from Baicao Garden to San Tan Yin Yue vividly depicts the colorful scenery of Baicao Garden and the boring life scene in San Tan Yin Yue from different angles and levels, and shows the author's thoughts and feelings of loving nature, enjoying a free and happy life and being dissatisfied with feudal education that restricts children's physical and mental development.

Metaphor is used to describe things, highlight the characteristics of things, and use it as a metaphor to express the author's noble thoughts and sentiments. Example: Praise of Poplar compares the northern soldiers and civilians with poplars, and compares the tenacious spirit of the northern soldiers and civilians fighting and struggling for the liberation of China with the characteristics of poplars' integrity, simplicity, seriousness, honest and frank and striving for the upper reaches.

First suppress and then promote, first deny or belittle the image of things, then dig deep into the characteristics and internal meaning of things, then affirm and praise things, and emphasize the characteristics of things more prominently. Example: Praise poplars, saying that poplars are not "good women" first, and then praising poplars as "good husbands", which highlights the external image and internal charm of poplars.

Nine, some commonly used terms (questions) of test paper topics

1. What is the function of something in the answer article can be considered from three aspects. The first is the content, such as deepening the theme and emphasizing feelings; Second, the structure, such as transition and echo; The third is language, such as fascinating and lively.

2, ideological-basically refers to the central idea or theme of the article.

3, thoughts and feelings-the ideological tendency of the author or the characters in the work, such as good and evil, likes and dislikes, praise and blame, etc.

Extracurricular reading refers to reading content other than textbooks (teaching materials). No matter what you read in class or after class.

4, sentiment-refers to the heartfelt feelings, understanding, sentiment, etc.

5. Writing skills-candidates should be clear that the narrow sense of writing skills is "expression", and the broad sense of writing skills refers to all the skills of writing articles, such as expression, rhetoric, suppression before promotion, symbol, straight to the point, and expression of will.

6. Means of expression-in a broad sense, it is a special sentence organization method used by the author in writing wording and expressing thoughts and feelings.

By analyzing a work, we can grasp its special expression from point to surface. First of all, there are many rhetorical skills in words and sentences, including metaphor, symbol, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, contrast, personification, allusion and so on. When grasping its expression techniques as a whole, we should pay attention to different styles of works: lyric prose has rich and colorful expression techniques, such as borrowing scenery to express emotion, expressing ambition, combining cadence and symbolism, etc. Narrative writing skills such as caring for the beginning and ending, making the finishing point, skillfully using rhetoric, proper details, combination of narration and discussion, and positive and negative comparison. Argumentative writing skills such as quoting classics, clever analogy, reverse seeking differences, positive and negative comparison, analogical reasoning, etc. Novel description, comparison, bedding and reference, suspense and interpretation, real writing and imaginary writing.

The analysis of expression is a very general topic. Pay attention to the requirements of solving complete geographical problems when answering questions, and answer them concisely and accurately. For some topics, such as appreciating writing skills, we should accurately grasp the context, the theme and genre style of the article, and choose the most important answers, so that we don't have to cover everything, such as various methods of portraying characters in novels, such as various methods of expressing emotions in prose, and try our best to get scores.

7. Note: You need to know some common procedures (sentence patterns), such as what to embody, what to emphasize, what to strengthen, what to create, what to express, what to deepen, and what to define the theme.

X. others: "a trip of two or three miles, four or five smoke villages. There are six or seven pavilions and eighty or ninety flowers. "

Two common narrative clues: object line and emotional line.

Two languages: spoken and written. Language features generally refer to easy-to-understand spoken language, rigorous and elegant written language, and the distinctive, vivid, vivid and emotional characteristics of literary language. When analyzing, it is generally analyzed from rhetoric. )

There are two ways of lyric: direct lyric refers to the author's direct expression of his feelings about something or situation. Because the author comes forward directly, the direct lyrical language often has a strong subjective color. (1) Choose an image to express feelings (2) Express feelings directly to the image.

2. Indirect lyricism means that the author does not come forward directly, but expresses his feelings in other ways, and the language is calm and objective. (1) Lyric by characters. (2) Lyric through a specific tone.

Three emotional colors: positive, negative and neutral.

Three principles of language use: conciseness (concise sentences are generally limited by the number of words), coherence and appropriateness (civility, courtesy and humanity).

Three interpretation sequences: (1) time sequence, (2) spatial order,

③ Logical order. There are six logical sequences: ① general ← to individual ← ② phenomenon ←→ essence ③ cause ←→ result ④ generalization ←→ concrete ⑤ part ←→ whole ⑤ main ←→ secondary.

Four literary genres: novel, poetry, drama and prose.

The novel has three elements: the characters (the main characters are determined according to whether the theme of the novel can be expressed), the plot (beginning/development/climax/ending) and the environment (natural environment/social environment). )

Characters mainly master the reading skills of depicting characters and reflecting their thoughts and personalities through appropriate description methods and angles.

Plot mainly understands the basic content of each part, as well as the methods and skills to understand and analyze the plot of the novel.

The plot of this novel consists of four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending.

Begin to explain the background and pave the way for the following.

Create characters and embody personality.

The climax shows conflict and reveals the theme.

The ending deepens the theme and leaves some thoughts.

Environment mainly understands the role of natural environment and social environment.

The natural environment describes the natural landscape, exaggerates the atmosphere, sets off emotions, predicts the fate of characters, reveals the essence of society and promotes the development of plots.

The social environment describes the social situation, explains the background of the story, reveals the social essence, and paves the way for the following content.

Four usages of sentences: declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences.

Six narrative elements: time, place, character, cause, process and result of the event.

Six types of ill sentences: ① Incomplete components; ② Improper collocation; ③ Improper use of related words; 4 inconsistent; ⑤ Improper word order; ⑤ Misuse and abuse of function words (prepositions).

Seven interpretation methods: example, analogy, comparison, number of columns, classification, definition and quotation.

People's education edition seventh grade Chinese learning method

(1) got it. After reading the text, notes, "thinking and practice", unit knowledge and training after class, you will have a preliminary impression and a comprehensive understanding of the single text and the whole unit.

(2) Check the relevant background knowledge and clear the text barriers.

3 think independently. It is important to think according to tips, articles and exercises. Such as whether the content of the prompt is really understood, whether the generalization of the topic, the division of levels, the induction of the meaning of paragraphs, the understanding of sentences, the analysis of writing characteristics and other issues can be solved, and whether the exercises after class can be answered. Those students with solid basic knowledge, good self-study habits, strong self-study ability and studious spirit should put forward higher requirements for themselves in "thinking".

4 comments. Is to mark symbols where you don't understand. Use "?" If you don't understand. The key point is "※". It is best to use pencils for words recognized by self-study before class, and pens for words recognized after class, so as not to confuse your own views with those of the teacher.

(5) problems. It is to question the point of view, rhetoric and expression of the article, which is the first step to become a critical learner. Only by becoming critical learners can students get twice the result with half the effort. For example, in classical novels such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Water Margin, many people will fight against generals alone. Should students consider this possibility? If it is impossible, why does the author write like this?

Chinese learning skills of seventh grade in People's Education Edition

First of all, we should cultivate a strong interest. Confucius said: "Those who know are not as good as those who know, and those who know are not as good as those who are willing to know." This also shows that learning must be interested in what you have learned and learning, which is the basis of learning well, and so is learning Chinese. As long as we are interested in learning Chinese, we will find it interesting. If we find the pleasure of learning, it will help us to study Chinese persistently. Without perseverance, we can't learn Chinese at all. Some students think that Chinese is boring and there are too many things to recite, so they don't want to learn at all, and of course their grades can't go up. Therefore, interest is very important for learning.

Secondly, learning Chinese is an accumulation process, which cannot be accomplished overnight. Only long-term accumulation can make Chinese learn better. Accumulation also requires a lot of reading and reciting. When we are free, reading good books or articles can not only enrich knowledge, but also cultivate your temperament. However, we should not only read, but also think. We should prepare a notebook to record and extract, copy down the good sentences we encounter during reading, and look at them from time to time to make them our own things. When we encounter doubts and difficulties, we should also write them down, discuss them with others and listen to their opinions. Only in this way can we make progress and improve our level.

People's Education Edition Seventh Grade Chinese Book 1 Knowledge Point 3 Golden Flower Tagore

Lotus leaf mother bing Xin

First of all, keywords

1. Add some words below.

Smell Xi·Xi with a smile.

2. Fill in the blanks with the correct words.

(1) If I become a golden flower, I will grow on a tall branch and dance happily in the air. Mom, will you know me?

Mom, if you see a white boat in your dream,/don't be surprised that he dreams for no reason. /This is your beloved daughter Wan Shui Qian Shan with tears in her eyes/Please ask him to take her love and sadness home.

Second, memorize the knowledge list of key sentences.

1. I'm still not discouraged. I always hope that a person can only flow where I want him to go.

When the shadow of that tree falls on your hair and knees, I will cast my little shadow on your paper, where you study.

Third, the list of paragraph memory knowledge

Write the fourth paragraph of "Golden Flower" silently.

When you take a shower, put your wet hair on your shoulders, walk through the golden shade and walk to the small courtyard where you pray, you will smell the flowers, but you don't know that the fragrance comes from me.

Fourth, literature (style) common sense recitation knowledge list

1. The Golden Flower is selected from Selected Poems of Tagore. Indian writer Tagore won the Nobel Prize in Literature on 19 13.

2. Paper Boat is selected from Stars, written by Bing Xin, formerly known as Xie Wanying, a poet and writer. Representative works include Stars, Spring Water and For Young Readers.

Chinese learning methods in seventh grade

1, learning did not move, interest first.

2, business learning and seeking Tao

Self-confidence is the first secret of success.

4. Attitude is everything

5, do not emphasize progress

6. Practicing excellent skills is the fundamental purpose of learning.

7. Play, be lazy and then study.

8. Exam, analyze the test results, make the next plan and adjust yourself.

9. Learn from others

People's education edition seventh grade Chinese volume I knowledge point 4 lesson 65438 +0. Walking Mo Huaiqi

First of all, keywords

1. Add some words below.

Bifurcation qūn

2. Explain the following words.

(1) grievance: I feel sad when I am accused or treated improperly.

(2) sparkling: describe the clarity of water.

(3) Everyone is in his place: everyone or everything has been properly placed.

Second, memorize the knowledge list of key sentences.

At a place, I squatted down to hug my mother, and my wife squatted down to hug my son. Although my mother is tall, she is very thin, and her weight is naturally not heavy. Although her son is fat, she is young and naturally light. My wife and I walked slowly, steadily and carefully, as if the things on my back and those on her back added up to the whole world.

Third, the list of literary (stylistic) knowledge is based on memorizing common sense.

1. Add some words below.

tān Huànshìngju？ Bi? qiáo fáng sha nānd？ u

Paralysis and nursing bid farewell to gaunt imitation peas ..

Fourth, the question:

1. What is the main content of this text?

The text tells the story of a seriously ill mother who took care of her paralyzed son and encouraged him to live a good life, praising the greatness and selflessness of maternal love.

Four things are written in the text:

(1) 1 When I lost my temper, my mother comforted me.

(2) The mother was seriously ill, but didn't tell her son, so she didn't want to add pain to her son.

Mother begged me to see the flowers.

④ Mother's dying entrustment

2. Why did my mother's flowers die after my leg was paralyzed?

Because of me, my mother is exhausted and can't take care of these flowers anymore.

The article says that "I" sat by the window watching the fallen leaves, and "Mom came in and stood by the window". How do you understand mother's behavior of blocking fallen leaves?

Answer: Because my mother wants me to be in a better mood, which is also helpful for my illness.

When I promised to see the flowers, why did my mother fidget with joy? Why did "I" blame her for being "annoyed" and she smiled? What does this mean?

Answer: Because my mother watched Hope, this is the first time that "I" promised my mother to take me to play.

5. What does my mother mean by "live well" and what I said at last? What role does this play in the structure of the article?

A: Because my mother knows that she will die soon, she hopes that I can take care of myself in the future. After writing Live Well, I knew my mother's good intentions and decided to take good care of myself. There is an effect of "echo before and after" in the structure of the article.

People's education edition seventh grade Chinese learning method

multiread

Read it again and again. It is said that Mr. Feng Zikai's reading method is called the "22-time reading method". He read a good article 22 times before and after, and said with deep experience that after reading the article, he will gradually recite it from his mouth, and reading more should be the basis of memory.

Have a strong memory

Is to discipline yourself purposefully, remember. Some basic concepts can't be remembered, such as Chinese pronunciation, form and meaning, and foreign words. Understand the recitation, do not understand the temporary memory, and re-consolidate the memory in use.

Ancient poems are easier to understand after reciting, and they are better remembered after understanding-of course, this requires perseverance and perseverance. Over time, not only more and more information is stored in the brain, but also a good habit of remembering is formed. Of course, rote learning and rote learning are not the same concept.

Diligent writing

This is not just writing a composition, it's just a part of it. Diary, class notes, punctuation notes in reading and editing excerpts all belong to this category.

Writing itself is a more advanced memory, and we have the experience that when writing a composition, we should make a draft first, and then write the first draft. When copying it into the composition book, we can finish it without reading the first draft. The reason is that writing has mobilized various organs and entered the advanced stage of memory. "A good memory is not as good as a written one" is not unreasonable.

Chinese learning skills of seventh grade in People's Education Edition

Pay attention to the accumulation of language materials.

Learning Chinese requires daily accumulation, language without accumulation is pale, and learning without accumulation is futile. Only thick accumulation can activate thinking and learn from others. The main task of junior middle school Chinese learning is to accumulate a large number of language materials first, and then to understand and use these materials.

We should strengthen the following four links when reviewing: 1. Understand the meaning. For reciting poems, we should understand their meanings, especially the key words, and really understand them. 2. Circle and remember. Confused words and misspelled words in poetry should be circled in red pen to attract intentional attention and focus. 3. Write by heart. When memorizing, you can recite and write down the keywords in the upper and lower sentences or sentences to prevent "false words". 4. Standardize writing to achieve "three cleanups" and "three noes". "Sanqing" refers to the clean surface, clear handwriting and clear strokes; "Three noes" means no scribbling, no use of variant characters and nonstandard simplified characters, and no addition and subtraction of strokes.