Does foam sandwich panel meet the requirements for fire protection buildings? Are there any regulations that require this? I am from Jiangsu!! Thank you

New composite panels are new building materials that have developed rapidly in the past five to ten years. These new building materials can meet the technical indicators of building structure, thermal insulation and other related aspects, and have the characteristics of low cost, low investment, light weight, Features such as convenient construction and reusability have been strongly recommended by the construction administrative department. Therefore, they have been widely used in construction projects and have formed social habits. Due to the low fire resistance of some composite panels and the sandwich material being a polymer material with physical and chemical properties that are flammable and highly smoky, once a fire breaks out, they will emit a large amount of toxic smoke and easily collapse, making fire extinguishing difficult and easily leading to casualties. At present, there have been many building fires with such boards as the main building components, and there have been many fire accidents with serious casualties. For this reason, this year's fire hazard investigation and management plan in Jiangsu Province has made it one of the key contents of the investigation. The Jiangsu Provincial Fire Brigade also issued a special notice requesting to effectively strengthen the fire supervision and management of composite panels in construction engineering applications. This article mainly integrates the use places of composite panels, comprehensive performance comparisons and disaster situations in fires, and discusses fire-related issues in the application of composite panels to help design units and owners scientifically select materials and eliminate fire hazards from the source.

1. Common application places of new composite panels.

New composite panels are mainly used in exterior walls and roofs of steel structure factories, lightweight roofs of gymnasiums, internal partitions of clean factories, roofs of clean areas, boxes or partition boards of cold storage, and offices on construction sites. And collective dormitories for construction workers, temporary resettlement houses for earthquake relief, and some units also use composite materials for partitions in workshops, offices, guest rooms, and even operating rooms. After the implementation of building energy-saving standards, foam composite panels are also widely used in building exterior wall insulation layers. New composite materials are widely used in buildings and used in large quantities. Their combustion performance and fire resistance level have a great impact on the fire safety of buildings.

2. Comparison of common composite materials and their comprehensive properties.

Common new composite panels include metal-faced sandwich panels, mortar-faced steel wire sandwich panels, steel wire mesh sandwich panels, composite lightweight sandwich partition panels, composite hollow prefabricated partition panels, polyethylene Styrene foam mortar stucco layer, etc. Among them, metal-faced sandwich panels include metal-faced polystyrene sandwich panels, metal-faced rigid polyurethane sandwich panels, metal-faced rock wool (slag wool) sandwich panels, single-layer color steel rock wool sandwich aluminum thin composite panels, Metal-faced gypsum sandwich panels, metal-faced gypsum rock wool sandwich panels, etc. The author made a comprehensive comparison of the performance of related metal-faced composite panels based on the relevant information obtained through daily supervision. See the table below for details:

Through the above comparison, it can be seen that the main performance of fire hazards of metal-faced composite materials is Flammable and combustible, easy to melt and drip, high in smoke, easy to deform and lose integrity; the fire resistance and combustion performance of metal-faced rock wool (slag wool) sandwich panels are acceptable, and the thermal insulation performance is acceptable, but the firmness under normal use Not enough, which has an impact on the environment; metal-faced gypsum sandwich panels are both fire-resistant and strong, but have poor thermal insulation properties and are more expensive; non-combustible rigid polyurethane metal-faced sandwich panels are expensive.

Mortar-surfaced steel wire sandwich panels, steel wire mesh sandwich panels, and polystyrene foam mortar stucco layers are mostly made of low-priced polystyrene foam and are easy to melt and drip. Dangerous properties such as flammable, easy to spread, lose integrity and produce large amounts of thick smoke. The combustion performance and fire resistance limit of composite lightweight sandwich partition boards and composite hollow prefabricated partition boards are related to the composite materials themselves. Most of them can meet the requirements of non-combustible materials and have strong compression resistance, but have poor tensile strength and cannot be used as Roofing materials, etc.

3. Suggestions on the actual performance of composite materials in fire scenes and optimal selection when used in construction projects.

Metal-faced polystyrene foam sandwich panels are the most widely used in engineering. They are usually used for roof panels, partition panels, and ceiling panels. Because polystyrene foam is easy to melt under fire and high temperature, so In the event of a fire, the first manifestation is that the foam melts and shrinks, and the plastic melt adheres to the metal surface, and the board loses its support and integrity. Secondly, it manifests as burning and thick smoke. If used as a partition board or ceiling board, it will quickly collapse. This will affect the evacuation of people and cause casualties. When used as roof panels, they will hang on roof load-bearing components such as steel trusses. As long as the overall steel roof truss does not deform and lose its support due to fire, it will not collapse. In case of fire, the main performance of metal-faced polyurethane sandwich panels is that they smolder and emit thick smoke in the sandwich layer. The unburned parts will not quickly lose their support due to high temperature. Polystyrene foam composite materials coated with non-combustible materials such as concrete mortar will lose their support, collapse and peel off in case of fire, accelerating the spread of fire accidents along the facade.

When actually selecting composite materials in construction, all aspects of the requirements should be taken into consideration and scientifically selected according to the actual needs of the site.

According to the provisions of Articles 3.2.5 and 3.2.9 of the "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings", Category D and E above-ground workshops or warehouses with 4 floors or less with first and second grade fire resistance , non-load-bearing exterior walls or roofs can use non-combustible surface materials, and the combustion performance of the internal filling materials should not be lower than B2-level lightweight composite walls or lightweight composite roof panels. Therefore, for steel structure factories and warehouses with 4 floors and below for the above-mentioned purposes, metal-faced polystyrene foam sandwich panels with inner filling materials reaching B2 level can be selected. According to the relevant national technical standards and regulations such as the "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings", "Code for Design of Fire Protection for High-Rise Civil Buildings" and other relevant national technical standards and regulations, regarding the non-load-bearing exterior walls, partition walls on both sides of the walkway, room partition walls, and roof panels of buildings with first and second grade fire resistance All major building components such as these should be made of non-combustible materials and the actual performance at the fire scene. Metal-faced polystyrene foam sandwich panels and ordinary metal-faced rigid polyurethane sandwich panels shall not be used in non-load-bearing civil buildings with fire hazards of Category C or above. Exterior walls, partition walls on both sides of all building walkways, and room partition walls prevent casualties and are not conducive to fire fighting. However, the author believes that for large-space Class C production buildings with low fire loads and high insulation requirements, using metal-faced polystyrene foam sandwich panels with internal filling materials reaching B1 level as panels will not increase the fire risk of the building. , on the contrary, because the metal-faced polystyrene foam sandwich panels are easy to deform and hang, it is conducive to building smoke exhaust and slowing down the collapse of steel structure buildings. Of course, as grassroots law enforcers, they should strictly implement the current regulations before the national standards are adjusted. Generally, the roofing material of Category A, B, and C factories and warehouses that use steel structures should be single-layer color steel rock wool sandwich aluminum thin composite panels.

Clean factories, especially those engaged in pharmaceutical production, take into account the dual requirements of fire safety and environmental protection. The use of metal-faced polystyrene foam in internal partitions, walkway partitions and ceiling materials must be strictly prohibited. Sandwich panels, ordinary metal-faced rigid polyurethane sandwich panels, and metal-faced rock wool (slag wool) sandwich panels should not be used. Instead, metal-faced gypsum sandwich panels or metal-faced gypsum mineral wool sandwich panels should be used.

In building energy-saving and thermal insulation measures, polystyrene foam should not be used as the insulation material for the exterior wall insulation paint layer. Light non-combustible materials should be used as the insulation material.

In public buildings and residential buildings, especially in offices, school classrooms, employee dormitories, hospital wards, temporary collective dormitories on construction sites and other crowded public places, it is strictly prohibited to use Combustible composite panels, especially metal-faced sandwich panels with cores made of polystyrene, rigid polyurethane and other materials. However, after the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, a large number of temporary houses used a large number of such materials, which is bound to form a Due to social habits, the strict requirements of the fire department may not be responded to by the majority of social units, making law enforcement more difficult. For example, work sheds at construction sites are a persistent problem. Therefore, the fire department should strengthen the production supervision of metal-faced foam sandwich panels, and at the same time adapt to the relaxation of the scope of use of B1-level metal-faced foam sandwich panels with inner sandwich materials, and clearly require that electrical wiring lines are not hidden in composite materials , and it is stipulated to use open pipes to reduce the risk of fire.

4. Fire supervision procedures and requirements for the use of composite materials.

(1) Use composite panels as fireproof materials and strictly implement the market access system for fireproof products. When composite panels are used as building components, their fire resistance grade and combustion performance should meet the requirements of the corresponding grade. Their fire resistance limit should be issued by the statutory Fire Protection Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center in accordance with the "Fire Resistance Test Method for Building Components" GB/T9978. The performance should be inspected in accordance with the "Method for Classification of Combustion Performance of Building Materials and Products" GB8624, and an inspection report will be issued by the statutory fire protection product quality supervision and inspection center; composite panels are used as flame retardant products, and their labels should comply with the "Flame Retardant in Public Places" Combustion Performance Requirements and Labeling of Products and Components" GB20286 and the "Measures for the Management of Flame Retardant Labeling (Trial)" by the Fire Department of the Ministry of Public Security.

(2) Strict fire protection design review and limit the application of composite panels with combustion properties. Communication with the design unit should be strengthened and the design unit should not design composite materials with vague concepts in the design. The combustion performance, fire resistance level or fire resistance limit requirements of the selected composite building materials must be clearly marked and should be supported by products.

(3) Effectively strengthen construction supervision, inspection and acceptance of construction projects. It is necessary to strengthen the guidance of construction, construction, and supervision units, and urge construction units to construct according to design requirements and fire audit opinions, and to select composite panels with excellent quality, reliable performance, and compliance with design requirements. Effectively strengthen the construction site inspection of construction projects using composite panels, focusing on checking whether the construction is in accordance with the design drawings and fire design review opinions, whether the composite panels are selected as required, whether the incoming composite panels are consistent with the inspection report, etc., to prevent shoddy, Cutting corners. Composite panels used for internal partitions should be witnessed and sampled in accordance with the requirements for decoration materials, and units should be urged to submit samples to the statutory fire product quality supervision and inspection center for inspection. If necessary, on-site sampling can be carried out for supervision and inspection. If the inspection confirms that the equipment does not meet the requirements, the unit must be urged to replace it in accordance with regulations. Those who violate the law by using building components whose fire resistance performance does not meet national standards or industry standards shall be ordered to stop construction and punished in accordance with the law. During the fire protection acceptance of construction projects, the relevant access procedures for the composite panels used must be strictly reviewed. Those that do not meet the requirements and have not been replaced in accordance with the law will not pass the acceptance.

(4) Strengthen inspections of key places where people are concentrated, such as construction sheds and temporary buildings. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision and inspection of construction workers’ dormitories, flammable and combustible material warehouses, office buildings and other temporary construction buildings at construction sites, and promote the use of metal sandwich panels filled with non-combustible materials such as rock wool and non-combustible polyurethane. The use of polystyrene color steel plates and other composite plates with combustion properties is restricted and strictly prohibited. For temporary houses that have been built, users are urged to regulate the use of fire, electricity and electricity to strictly prevent the occurrence of fire accidents.

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