Basic knowledge of table tennis

1. Basic parameters: 1. Table tennis table: The table tennis table is 2.74m long (consisting of two pieces, each piece is1.37m long and the total length is 2.74m), and the width is1.525m and the height is 0.76m. The length of the net is1.83m and the height is1. The four sides of the table top are painted with white lines with a width of 2 cm, and there should be a middle line with a width of 3 mm in the middle of the table top, which is parallel to the long side of the ball.

2. Net device: (1) Net length1.83m. Net device includes net, hanging rope, net post, fixing clip and other parts; The distance from the outer edge of the net column to the outer edge of the table edge is 15.25 cm. (2) The net should be hung on a rope, and both ends of the rope should be tied to an upright net post with a height of 15.25 cm. (3) The distance from the top of the whole net to the playing table15.25 cm; (4) The bottom edge of the whole net is as close to the table as possible, and both ends are as close to the net column as possible.

3. Table tennis: Table tennis weighs 2.7 grams and has a diameter of 40 mm. Before February 2000, it was a 38mm ball. On February 23rd, 2000, ITTF special meeting and Congress formally adopted the reform plan of replacing 38 mm balls with 40 mm diameter balls, and stipulated that the big balls will be officially used from June 65438+1 October1day, 2000. 2065438+July 2004 1 day, ITTF began to use 40+ new materials table tennis. The previous celluloid table tennis was poisonous and flammable. The new table tennis material is non-flammable and easy to store and transport. Compared with the previous celluloid table tennis, the diameter of 40+ table tennis is adjusted from 39.50-40.50 mm to 40.00-40.60 mm, which is slightly larger than the traditional table tennis, so it is called 40+. According to the general reaction of athletes, this 40+ new material table tennis ball is softer than the original ball, so it is more difficult to play, the ball speed is slower and the rotation is weaker.

4. Venue: The venue of table tennis competition should be no less than 14m long, 7m wide and 4m high. It should be enclosed by the same dark baffle with a height of 0.75m and separated from the adjacent competition area and spectators. The area of each table in the formal competition area with higher specifications is 8m× 16m. There are tables, nets, balls, baffles, referee tables, referee chairs and scorers in the venue. At least two electronic scoreboards should be used for each table, and four should be used for the final. Electronic scoreboards are placed on both sides of the table tennis court or on the back of the four corners, marked with the names of athletes, countries or regions, time, scores of each game, etc. So that the audience can see the score clearly on the display screen in the stands. There is also a large electronic display screen that can be clearly seen by all the audience in the gymnasium, which can display all the information about table games at the same time. In the final or when there is only one table, the referee uses a microphone to facilitate the audience to watch the game.

5. In order to ensure the clear image of the official lighting competition, the illuminance is required to be 1500 ~ 2500 lux, and the illuminance of all tables is consistent. If it is necessary to add a temporary light source due to TV broadcast and other reasons, the angle between the light source and the ceiling should be greater than 75 degrees. The illuminance of other parts of the competition area shall not be less than 1/2 of the illuminance of the competition table, and the light source shall not be less than 5 meters from the ground. Generally, the surrounding area of the venue should be dark, and the illuminance in the auditorium should be significantly lower than that in the competition area, so as to avoid dazzling light sources and natural light without covered windows.

6. The floor shall be made of wood or movable plastic floor of brand and type recognized by ITTF. The floor is elastic, and there are no other signs and signs of movement. The color of the floor should not be too light or too reflective, but red or crimson; Don't use too much oil or wax to avoid slipping. 7. Temperature The air velocity in the competition area in the competition venue should be controlled within 0.2 ~ 0.3 m/s, and the temperature should be about 20 ~ 25 degrees Celsius, or 5 degrees Celsius lower than the outdoor temperature. 8. Audience etiquette. Everyone who comes to watch the game should establish an idea: safety inspection is for themselves and for everyone. General security personnel will do their duty, check carefully, and if they are a little stricter, they will turn over their bags. If it is stricter, they will even ask to take off their shoes for inspection. When you watch the game on the court, you will encounter the problem of seat adjustment. When adjusting seats, we should follow the principle of leaving good seats to others, and the language should be polite. Table tennis is an indoor game, so it is not recommended to bring gongs and drums into the gymnasium, and flags and slogans should not affect others' watching the game too much.

Second, the basic rules of table tennis 1, serve: the ball is placed on the palm of your hand without clapping, and the palm is open and flat. The height of throwing the ball upward is at least 16 cm away from the palm. When serving, you can only hit the ball during the fall after throwing the ball. You can't serve at the table. Behind the server's white line, above the table. The doubles player serves diagonally. The included angle of the throwing arc cannot be greater than 25 degrees. 2. Counterattack: Hit the ball after the incoming ball hits our table. It is an effective blow to make the ball directly cross or bypass the net or touch the net and then touch the opponent's table. Don't clap your hands, don't touch the table, and other parts of your body can't touch the table. Doubles partners should take turns to fight back. 3. Holding the racket or touching the ball under the wrist is an effective way to hit the ball. The ball directly crosses or bypasses the net device, or touches the net device (no matter how long it stays on the net device), and then touches the opponent's table, which is an effective stroke. If you hit the net when serving, and then hit the opponent's table, you must serve again. 4. international competition rules: two rounds of service, that is, each person serves two balls in turn. 1 1 point per game, 7 wins in singles and 5 wins in doubles.

Third, equipment knowledge popularization 1, racket: table tennis racket consists of three parts: bottom plate, sponge and rubber. The reasonable combination of the three determines the quality of a racket. Rubber particles are not less than 10 and not more than 50/cm2, and the average density is distributed over the whole surface. According to the length of the racket, it can be divided into two categories: straight racket (short handle) and horizontal racket (long handle).

According to rubber, it can be divided into five categories: positive rubber, reverse rubber, raw rubber, long rubber and arc-proof rubber.

Positive glue: also called short particle glue. It is characterized by good elasticity, fast speed, stable hitting and no spinning. Suitable for fast attack near Taiwan, especially for left push and right attack. It is one of the most commonly used rubber types for straight fast break players. At present, there is also a kind of medium-particle rubber between short particles and long particles on the international market, which has a strange effect of not spinning attack. This kind of rubber is not afraid of the opponent's strong pull or downward rotation when attacking. In the past, it didn't spin the ball, and it was erratic, which made the opponent unable to work hard. It is called "magic rubber".

Anti-sticking: it is characterized by strong rotation, stable hitting and easy control, and is suitable for loop ball or fast break with loop ball. Because of its stable hitting and good control, it is also the first choice for beginners. For professional players, there are many different kinds of rubber-proof sponge bats to choose from, mainly including two categories: sticky sleeves made of rubber and astringent sleeves made of sponge deformation. I'm afraid amateurs don't have this condition except that professional athletes can change the rubber during the competition, so they should know how to protect the rubber. The easiest way is to clean with a soft foam sponge after each exercise. There are also special cleaners on the market, and the use effect will be better. After cleaning, it is covered with polyester film to prevent dust and oxidation. Also prevent high temperature and high pressure. Extend the service life of rubber as much as possible.

Raw rubber: Raw rubber refers to rubber with upward particles and particle size greater than height. It is characterized by sinking ball and weak spinning ball. Because raw rubber can reduce rotation, it is especially easy to control the ball. In order to get the change of hitting the ball, some players on both sides of the horizontal stroke use the combination of forehand reverse glue (pull the circle) and backhand raw glue (fast dial and short swing). This kind of rubber can be used as an option to stick the backhand back.

Long rubber: this is a kind of granular rubber. The rubber particles are thin and long, and the height is greater than the diameter, covered with a thin layer of sponge. It was invented in China in the 1960s. Because this kind of glue will make the ball spin abnormally on the racket face, the typical changes are: when the opponent wipes down the spin ball, when the opponent wipes it with long glue, it will fly back the top spin; The topspin of the opponent's attack is pushed by the long glue and then spins back to the backspin; When you hit the loop ball pulled by the opponent with the chop ball, the ball will spin more, but when you pull the ball back, the ball will not spin. These abnormal changes often make opponents make mistakes or return high balls, and they can often win easily against people who are not familiar with the properties of long rubber. However, playing with this rubber, not only opponents make many mistakes, but also their own teams are not easy to master, which greatly reduces the appreciation and entertainment of table tennis. 1In May, 1998, ITTF held a board meeting in Durban, South Africa, and made a decision on prohibiting the use of long glue by 19 votes to 18 votes, clearly stipulating that the ratio of height to diameter of positive glue particles should not be greater than 1: 1. Young athletes should not use long glue. On the one hand, long glue is difficult to master, on the other hand, it is easy to cause wrong stereotypes with a little carelessness. The Chinese Table Tennis Association clearly stipulates that long glue should not be used in youth competitions. Anti-arc glue: There is also a kind of anti-arc glue called "anti-arc glue", which is specially used to deal with arc balls. This kind of rubber is not sticky, smooth and slightly astringent, with slow hitting speed, short arc and sinking and drifting after landing, so it is difficult for opponents to judge according to routines, especially the arc ball. The thickness of the sponge, soft and hard. Generally speaking, the thick sponge eats the ball deeply, bites the ball for a long time, and has enough stamina to hit the ball, especially when pulling the ball; On the contrary, the thin sponge eats the ball for a short time, hits the ball quickly and controls the ball well, but the ball has insufficient stamina and is not easy to kill the opponent. As for the hard sponge, it has the characteristics of short biting time and fast ball speed, which is suitable for fast break; On the other hand, the soft sponge has a lower ball speed but better ball control. Most people play smoothly and steadily.