When Zhang Jiao launched the Yellow Turban Uprising, what slogan did he use?

The Yellow Turban Uprising was one of the largest religiously organized peasant uprisings in Chinese history. It began during the period of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty and posed a great threat to the Han Dynasty's regime. Zhang Jiao launched the Yellow Turban Uprising with the slogan "Heaven is dead, Huang Tian is here to stand, if you live in Jiazi, the world will be auspicious".

Zhang Jiao (?-184) was a native of Julu (Qin ruled today's Pingxiang, Hebei, and Eastern Han ruled today's Ningjin, Hebei). ?The leader of the "Yellow Turban Army", a peasant uprising army in the late Eastern Han Dynasty of China. Zhang Jiao built Taiping Dao, used some of its religious concepts and social and political ideas to organize the masses, and preached it at the beginning of the reign of Emperor Ling in Jianning (168-172). In the first year of Zhongping (184), Zhang Jiao took the slogan "Heaven is dead, Huang Tian is here to stand, and the age of Jiazi is good for the world." He called himself "Tiangong General" and led the masses to launch an uprising, which was known as the "Yellow Turban Uprising" in history. Zhang Jiao died of illness soon after, and the rebel army was quickly suppressed by the Han Dynasty.

In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Jiao and his three brothers promoted the Tao of Taiping, coupled with the early popular "Huang Lao" thought, and turned this thought into their own doctrine, which was widely promoted to believers. The teachings of Taipingdao claim that there are ghosts and gods in the sky that monitor people's behavior and increase or decrease their life span according to the good or evil of their behavior, requiring people to do more good deeds and less bad deeds.

He spread everywhere that "the sky is dead, the yellow sky will stand, and the age of Jiazi will be good for the world." According to the "Taiping Sutra", "The hundreds of billions of stars are not as bright as a day; the words of the stars in the sky are not as bright as the country's one virtuous person", Zhang Jiao calls himself a great sage and the general leader of Taiping Dao; his two The two younger brothers, Zhang Liang and Zhang Bao, claimed to be great doctors and were also one of the leaders of Taiping Road. If any member of Taiping Dao and his followers make a mistake, they only need to kneel before the leader, admit their mistake, and promise not to make it again, and they will be forgiven.

In more than ten years, the Taiping Taoist forces spread throughout the eight states of Qing, Xu, You, Ji, Jing, Yang, Yan, and Henan, with hundreds of thousands of followers. Mainly poor farmers, but also urban craftsmen, individual officials, and even eunuchs. Zhang Jiao divided the believers into thirty-six parties (diocesan organizations), with more than 10,000 people in the big party and six to seven thousand people in the small party. Each party had a canal commander in charge. On this basis, Zhang Jiao also selected the day of Jiazi in the Jiazi year, that is, March of the first year of Zhongping (184), according to the thinking method of "following the five elements" in the Taiping Jing and the theory of the mutual reinforcement and restraint of the five elements. A great uprising was held on the 5th.

In early February, leaders and believers from all parties began preparations. They used lime to write slogans such as "Jiazi" on the city gates and state and county government offices in Luoyang. Ma Yuanyi, the commander-in-chief of Dafang Qu, first notified tens of thousands of believers in Jingzhou and Yangzhou to gather in Ye (Linzhang, Hebei) City to prepare for an uprising. As a result, the believers in charge of it began to gather in Yecheng. Ma Yuanyi also went to Luoyang, the capital, many times to agree with the eunuchs Feng Xu and Xu Feng, who were often serving as internal officials, to join forces with external officials on March 5 to start an uprising together.

Ten days before the date of the uprising, that is, around February 15th, a follower of Taiping Dao and a native of Jinan, Tang Zhou, wrote to the government to report the uprising. As a result, the imperial court urgently captured Ma Yuanyi and his car was broken up in Luoyang. It also mobilized various forces to capture and kill more than a thousand Zhang Jiao believers. It also notified Jizhou to capture Zhang Jiao and his family.

When Zhang Jiao and others discovered that the matter had been exposed, they used various methods to notify all parties at night and immediately revolted. During the uprising, the rebels first killed the captured corrupt officials and offered sacrifices to heaven. During the uprising, all Zhang Jiao's troops wore yellow scarves (a symbol of the Yellow Sky), and they were called the "Yellow Turban Army" at the time. Zhang Jiao calls himself "General Tiangong", his younger brother Zhang Bao calls himself "General Digong", and his younger brother Zhang Liang calls himself "General Renggong". After the uprising began, the masses responded one after another, either by joining the army as believers, or by sending food and clothing. The rebel army developed rapidly. After the rebels captured a town, they often burned down government offices, killed corrupt officials, and distributed their property to the people. Corrupt officials usually exercise power and power, but when they hear the arrival of the rebels, they are frightened and run away like dogs that have lost their homes.

After Zhang Jiao died of illness, the Jizhou Yellow Turban Army was led by Zhang Liang and stayed in Guangzong. When the Yellow Turban Army's fighting spirit relaxed a little, Huangfu Song led his troops at night and raided the enemy's position at dawn. The battle lasted until the afternoon, and they successfully defeated the enemy army and killed Zhang Liang and more than 30,000 people. Five of them drowned when they escaped to the river embankment. There were more than 10,000 people, more than 30,000 carriages were burned, and many people were captured. Zhang Jiao's body was broken into a coffin and his body was transported back to the capital. In November, Huangfu Song and Guo Dian, the governor of Julu, attacked Quyang, successfully killed Zhang Bao and captured more than 100,000 people. The Yellow Turban Rebellion subsided.

The Yellow Turban Uprising led by Zhang Jiao shook the foundation of the Eastern Han Dynasty, directly leading to warlord separatism and melee in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and then evolved into a three-legged situation. At the same time, it was also the first peasant uprising led by religion in the history of our country, which has far-reaching historical significance; it also established the historical pattern that Taoism will mainly spread and develop among the lower classes of society in the future.