Detailed introduction of police special forces in various countries

Most of the above are military special forces, not police special forces. Their tasks are different: the purpose of military special forces is to physically destroy the enemy, while the purpose of police special forces is to catch suspects, collect weapons, and strive to defeat the enemy without fighting; However, with the development of the international anti-terrorism situation, the military special forces and the police special forces have the same task: anti-terrorism.

1 United States: SWAT, whose full name is Special Weapons and Tactics, is a special unit set up by the United States for counter-terrorism. It turns out that the United States has always been in an embarrassing situation when SWAT encounters terrorists, and the police's firepower cannot deal with terrorists who rob and kill with rifles, while the tactics and weapons of the army are often aimed at killing. It is said that a gangster once hid in a private house after a fierce battle with the police. At that time, the troops were transferred. The soldiers didn't know what was going on inside and fired thousands of shots at the room continuously. When they rushed in, they found that the suspect was covered in bullet holes and had already died, but he just had an argument with others and took a gun to scare people. His death was very unjust. So the US Police Department decided to develop SWAT.

2. GSG-9: The Ninth Brigade of German Border Police (GSG-9 for short) is a special anti-terrorism and anti-hijacking force set up by Colonel ulrich Wei Gena in September 1972 under the order of the Ministry of the Interior. Their slogan is "Everything starts from scratch".

At present, the Ninth Brigade of the Border Police has less than 2 members, with an average age of 26. The headquarters is in St. Augustine. The brigade has four special combat squadrons, a communication reconnaissance brigade, a technical squadron and a helicopter squadron. The basic combat unit of the brigade is the combat group, with five people in each group. They believe that such a five-person combat team can give full play to subjective initiative. Players usually wear dark green berets, and wear black titanium helmets (with walkie-talkies in them) and bulletproof vests in wartime. In order to prevent players from being caught by opponents in melee combat, the combat suit is designed to be tight and neat. In order to avoid the commander being too prominent in the battle and causing casualties. The officers and men of the ninth brigade are not allowed to wear grade marks.

The members of the Ninth Brigade are constantly updated, with about 3 people each year. They are cautious and disciplined, and never shoot rashly. Without exception, the members of the Ninth Brigade were volunteers who had served in the National Defence Force or the police force for more than one year. To sign up for the ninth brigade, you need to pass physical examination, psychological characteristics test, sports assessment and individual conversation. After 13 weeks of training in the suburbs of Bonn, I was strictly screened. After the training, we will decide whether to stay or not. The elimination rate is usually around 6%. Then there will be nine weeks of professional training. Basic training mainly includes: unarmed combat, shooting, blasting, weapons, knowledge, legal knowledge, psychology, police functions and so on. Unarmed combat lasts for six hours every Saturday. This training requires a single coach to pass, so as to cultivate the team members' belief in winning in close combat. Judging from the published photos, karate is one of the important events in fighting training. In weapons class, we should not only learn our own weapons, but also master the weapons commonly used by terrorists, such as Russian AK-47 submachine guns. In order to keep fit, the team members also carry out mountaineering and swimming training, so as to keep their bodies in the best condition and maintain high fighting morale. In the course of psychology, we should understand and study the special behavior of terrorists when taking hostages, and find out the corresponding countermeasures by studying "the enemy changes while I change".

The daily training is usually from 7: a.m. to 12: a.m., which includes: investigation of terrorists, climbing and overcoming obstacles, street fighting training, tracking and orientation determination, shooting and vehicle driving, etc. Shooting is the main course, accounting for about one-third of the training class. The team requires that in all cases, it is necessary to reach a limit of one second from shooting to shooting, otherwise it will fail. Shooting at ground targets from helicopters has a hit rate of less than 85%. In order to cultivate the shooter's reaction, it is supplemented by the practice of shooting UFO with a shotgun. When a car is driving at a high speed, it is required that the turning distance of the brake should not exceed several meters when the speed is 18 kilometers per hour. In the pilot training, the helicopter is required to descend along the rope and immediately put into battle. The Ninth Brigade often conducts anti-hijacking exercises at Frankfurt International Airport. Train to approach the plane stealthily, and make an "unusual door" to rush into the plane that will be hijacked. They have practiced this technology many times on various types of aircraft.

the ninth brigade believes that the decisive factor in dealing with modern terrorism is the advanced weapons and technology of special forces. They are very concerned about all new technologies and products in the world weapons market, and constantly introduce and update equipment. For example, after 1984, the original P9 nine-millimeter pistol was replaced by the P7 automatic pistol with better performance, and the 19-wheeled pistol made by Smith Wei Sen Company of the United States, which is not easy to jam, was distributed for self-defense; The submachine guns are MP5 series submachine guns with a magazine capacity of thirteen rounds and MP5P-SD silencing submachine guns, which are equipped with telescopic sights and aiming searchlights for night and low light conditions. It is also equipped with new machine guns, automatic shotguns, sniper rifles, rocket launchers and Grenade launchers, as well as remote-controlled robots called "small tanks", which can climb steps, open doors, take things, etc. Also belonging to this equipment are infrared telescopes, gas masks, climbing ropes, illuminating lamps, communicators and first aid kits. Personal equipment weighs 7 kilograms. The team's cars mainly include a specially modified "Mercedes" heavy-duty high-speed car with a top speed of 2 kilometers per hour. The car is equipped with a car radio with a wavelength of two to four meters. In addition, the team also has VW vans, ambulances and special armored vehicles. The helicopter squadron has seven Bell-212, As-33 Jaguar and BO-16 helicopters, which are used by the helicopter squadron for maneuver and combat.

3. GEO in Spain: Basic information

Organizational structure

At present, GEO in Spain has about 12 people, and its headquarters and main training center are located in Guadalajara, about 5 kilometers east of Madrid. The basic organizational structure includes three action teams (3 people in each group), a training team (1 people), a technical and testing team (1 people) and a support team. When performing the task, you can also form a tactical team of five people to cooperate with each other.

Main tasks

GEO, as the main anti-terrorism organization in Spain, is tasked to deal with extreme terrorist and criminal actions (such as various forms of hijacking and kidnapping); Support the police force and the Royal Guard in dealing with terrorists and criminal organizations (3 highly dangerous arrests); Help other law enforcement agencies to ensure the safety of national or major international activities (if Barcelona Olympic Games in 1992); Protecting the safety of important people at home and abroad (such as protecting kings and popes); Protecting the activities of Spanish diplomats abroad; Dealing with hostage incidents, riots and prison harassment.

selection and training

all participants in GEO must undergo a rigorous interview with international police officers, pass medical, physical and psychological tests to evaluate the physical and intellectual qualities of the selected objects, and extensively investigate the candidates' motivation for running. The seven-month high-intensity basic training includes physical fitness, tactical action, shooting, anti-terrorism sniper, explosive disposal, diving, high-speed driving, helicopter descent, climbing, forced penetration, melee, etc., and simulates hostage rescue operations on planes, ships, buildings, cars and trains. After the above training I, the newly selected players are recruited to an action group and continue to carry out special training to maintain a high level of combat skills. The training places are almost all over Spain, and the training process is supported by the Spanish international police. GEO also exchanges and learns skills with elite force in other countries.

special weapons and equipment

GEO is equipped with the best weapons and equipment today, such as submachine guns, assault rifles, automatic pistols, sniper rifles and combat shotguns. These guns are equipped with advanced aiming and lighting devices, which are convenient for day and night use.

submachine gun. The submachine gun is easy to be concealed and carried, easy to be used in a narrow space, easy to control in rapid fire, and high in accuracy in a short range, so it is suitable for hand-to-hand encounters and attacks such as jungle warfare, mountain warfare and urban street warfare, and is the main assault weapon of GEO. The MP5 submachine gun of Hechler-Koch Company has good stability in rapid fire and can be equipped with optical and laser sights, silencers and other accessories, so it is very popular.

assault rifle. Used for long-range shooting or when strong firepower is needed. GEO is mainly equipped with a 5.56mm Hechler-Koch assault rifle (mainly used for anti-sniper operations) and a 5.56mm SLG-Sauer R551 SWAT assault rifle (mainly used for ship assault operations).

pistol. Every player is equipped with a pistol. When it is necessary to shoot with one hand (such as breaking into a house, climbing, crawling forward, etc.), the pistol is the main weapon. GEO mainly uses 9mm SIG—Sauer P226 pistol, which combines the best technology of Switzerland and Germany and is one of the most advanced pistols.

P226 can be fired with single action or double action, equipped with a 15-round magazine, and can also be equipped with special tactical illuminators and laser indicators.

sniper rifle. Long-range shooting ability is very important to successfully rescue hostages, so GEO is equipped with the best sniper rifle. There are .38 caliber Hechler-Koch PSG-1 semi-automatic sniper rifle, Mao Se 66SP sniper rifle (equipped with day/night sight), SIG—Sauer SSG2 sniper rifle, Sacco A-II sniper rifle (equipped with day/night sight), Sacco TRG-21 sniper rifle (equipped with day/night sight) and Sacco TRG-41 sniper rifle.

tactical shotgun. As a close-range assault weapon, GEO mainly uses shotgun such as Fran SPAS35, Fran 23, Fran 12, Hechler Koch 512 and Remington M87.

special equipment. GEO is also equipped with special equipment such as ballistic helmet, bulletproof suit, battle vest, protective coat, gas mask, advanced communication system, stun grenades, diving equipment, explosion and destruction devices, night vision goggles and monitoring instruments.

There are also many police forces, such as the Italian dignitaries protection team, the Austrian Cobra special forces, the hostage rescue team of the FBI in the United States, and the special police team of the China Public Security Bureau, etc., all of which belong to the police special forces, but I won't go into details here.