Events and stories in Hunan's history

1. Zhijiang surrendered.

During the Second World War, before the Japanese invaders formally surrendered to China, Imai Takeo was sent as the surrender envoy. Here he discussed with Chinese Army personnel all matters concerning the Japanese surrender to China, and paid attention to it when Japan surrendered. Sign the matter memorandum. "Zhijiang surrendered" marked the beginning of the Japanese invaders' contact with China to discuss the specific details of surrender.

The following September 9, the Japanese troops within the Chinese theater formally surrendered unconditionally in the Nanjing Auditorium. Because the location of the surrender was located at Moxikou, Qiliqiao Village, east of Zhijiang County, Hunan Province, it was historically known as "Zhijiang Surrender" at 4 pm on August 21, 1945.

2. Peng Dehuai and others launched the Pingjiang Uprising

On July 22, 1927, the first branch of the Kuomintang stationed in Pingjiang and other places in Hunan, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, held The uprising was the Pingjiang Uprising. In the spring of 1928, the Communist Party secretly established its own organization in the Kuomintang's Hunan Independent Fifth Division. Peng Dehuai, leader of the first regiment of the division, also joined the Communist Party at this time. Soon, the Fifth Independent Division was transferred to the Pingjiang area to take on the task of "clearance and suppression".

Pingjiang is located at the junction of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces and has a tradition of revolutionary struggle. As early as the Great Revolution, the workers' and peasants' movement in Pingjiang was raging and it was one of the famous revolutionary areas in the province. After the failure of the Great Revolution, the struggle here still did not stop. Under the leadership of the county party committee, the masses organized a provisional government and a volunteer army to fight resolutely against the reactionaries.

3. The Four Battles of Northern Hunan

In October 1938, the Japanese army occupied Wuhan. In order to ensure the safety of the areas around Wuhan, the Japanese army continued to attack southern Hubei and northern Hunan in early November. After the Japanese captured Yueyang, they stopped their southward advance and confronted the Chinese army across the water in Xinqiang River. From then on, China's Anti-Japanese War began to enter the most difficult stage of strategic stalemate, and Hunan became an important subject in China's anti-Japanese battlefield.

In order to capture Changsha, the Japanese army prepared for almost a year. Xiangbei was the frontal battlefield of the battle and the main direction of the Japanese attack. The two sides of the Xinqiang River served as the first barrier for the Chinese defenders to prevent the Japanese invasion, and became an important pass in the fierce battle between the Chinese and Japanese armies. The three great battles in northern Hunan that shocked the world were all initiated from the Xinqiang River in northern Hunan.

On the morning of September 18, the main force of the Japanese army, about 50,000 people, was commanded by Okamura Ninz. Under the cover of aircraft and artillery, they launched an attack on the Chinese garrison 52nd Army north of the Xinqiang River. The Chinese defenders fought vigorously and held fast at the Jinlong Mountain, Doupeng Mountain and Cao Xie Ridge positions. They resorted to hand-to-hand combat and hand-to-hand combat, repelling Japanese counterattacks time and time again, and finally died together with the enemy.

The Hu Chunhua camp of Zhao Gongwu fought fiercely with the enemy for two days and nights. Except for seven seriously injured soldiers who were transferred in advance, Hu Chunhua and the other officers and soldiers all died heroically for their country.

4. Zhong Xiang Yang Mo’s uprising

While the Southern Song Dynasty was suing for peace in the face of the humiliation of the Jin Dynasty, it intensified its exploitation of the people, increased taxes and taxes, and caused many disasters to the people. In 1130 AD, the Jin soldiers captured Tanzhou and looted it for a while before leaving. Then, Kong Yanzhou, a Song Dynasty regiment commander who was defeated by the Jin soldiers, led a group of defeated soldiers there to take advantage of the situation and rob them, demanding food and rent.

The local people could not bear it anymore and staged an uprising under the leadership of Prime Minister Zhong. Zhong Xiang was a native of Wuling, Dingzhou (now Changde, Hunan). When the Jin soldiers went south, he organized an anti-Jin militia. Without the support of the court, he returned to his hometown to organize farmers for self-defense. He used religious methods to propagate among farmers, claiming to be the "Great Sage of Heaven" who could relieve people's sufferings.

He said: "The current court law divides people into high and low, rich and poor. This is not a good law. The law I practice is to make everyone equal regardless of whether they are rich or poor." Some people who have suffered from the government, Why are the peasants oppressed by the landlords unhappy when they hear these words? Everyone called Zhong Xiang "Master", and more and more people asked to join the "Dharma".

When Kong Yanzhou's riot aroused public anger, Prime Minister Zhong announced an uprising. He called himself King of Chu and established a political power. Farmers from nearby counties joined the rebel army one after another. Prime Minister Zhong sent the rebel army to capture the city, burn the government offices, and attack powerful households. Within a month, the rebel army occupied 19 counties around Dongting Lake.

The Southern Song Dynasty court was very panicked and appointed Kong Yanzhou as the arrester and killer to suppress the rebels. Kong Yanzhou knew that he could not defeat Zhong Xiang in a frontal attack, so he first sent a group of spies, pretending to be poor people, to sneak into Zhong Xiang's rebel army.

In March 1130 AD, Kong Yanzhou launched an attack, and the spies lurking inside cooperated with the rebels. The rebel army was caught off guard and lost the battle. Zhong Xiang and his son Zhong Ziang were arrested and killed.

After Zhong Xiang was killed, the rebel army elected Yang Mo as its leader and continued to fight against the official army. Yang Mo's original name was Yang Tai. Because of his young age, the local people affectionately called him Yang Mo (moyin yāo, meaning "young"). Under the leadership of Yang Mo, the rebel army established camps along the Dongting Lake, and gathered a large number of ships in the lake and various harbor branches. They produced in peacetime and fought in wartime, and the team grew stronger and stronger.

The Southern Song Dynasty also sent Cheng Changyu (yù) as the governor to suppress the uprising. When Cheng Chang arrived in Dingzhou, he spared no expense in building a large number of vehicles and ships. Each ship could carry a thousand naval troops, and people could move the ship forward or backward by pedaling. Once, Cheng Changyu commanded the navy to use vehicles and boats to attack the rebel water stronghold. The water at the beach of the water stronghold was shallow, and the vehicles and ships entered the harbor branch and were left unable to move in the shallows.

5. The Red Army’s 25,000-mile Long March began in Guidong County in southern Hunan.

In 1934, the fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" failed. In the face of the severe situation, in order to preserve the revolutionary forces, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Military Commission decided to carry out a major strategic shift. On July 23, the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Military Commission issued an order to the Hunan-Jiangxi Soviet Area, "ordering the Red Seventeenth Division and the Red Eighteenth Division to form the Red Sixth Army, leave the Hunan-Jiangxi Soviet Area, and move to central Hunan to develop guerrillas." War and the establishment of a new Soviet area. "

On August 7, 1934, the Red Army's Long March advance force, more than 9,700 members of the Red Sixth Army led by Ren Bishi, Xiao Ke, and Wang Zhen, were ordered to leave from Suichuan, Jiangxi Province. The county began to break out. On August 12, on the Zhaiqianwei River Beach in Guidong County, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, the Sixth Red Army held a swearing-in meeting for the Western Expedition—the beginning of the Long March.

This is a major historical event in the history of the Western Expedition of the Central Red Army and the Sixth Red Army. Xiao Ke, then commander of the Sixth Red Army Corps, said in his later memoirs: "The Sixth Red Army Corps broke out of the encirclement and marched westward two months earlier than the Central Red Army, and served as the vanguard of reconnaissance and pathfinding for the Central Red Army's Long March."

In 1934, the first Soviet regime in Hunan after the Red Army’s Long March was established here. Today, some villages still have slogans, trenches, and fortresses left by the Red Army. Huangjia Village, Tuqiao Town, has the house where Chairman Mao lived, the Red Army Building in Haotou Township, and the former site of the Yanshou Blockade. Stories of "giving up stretchers" and "half quilts" are circulated in the village.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Hunan