Joke Collection Website - Bulletin headlines - The new generation of information technology has built a bridge for the intelligent field geological survey work mode.
The new generation of information technology has built a bridge for the intelligent field geological survey work mode.
Recently, the Ministry of Science and Technology released the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the development of navigation and location services. The plan defines the direction and goal of the leap-forward development of China's navigation and location service industry, and gives the specific goal of breaking through the three core technologies of ubiquitous accurate positioning, holographic navigation map and intelligent location service.
The Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Cloud Technology Development in China issued by the Ministry of Science and Technology points out that cloud computing is an important form of information infrastructure and application service mode in the Internet era, and it is an inevitable trend of the new generation of information technology intensive development. It provides high-efficiency, low-cost and low-power computing and data services with the service mode of resource aggregation and virtualization, application service and specialization, on-demand supply and flexible use, and supports various information applications. The specific goal of "breaking through major key technologies such as large-scale resource management and scheduling, large-scale data management and processing, operation monitoring and security guarantee, developing simple cloud operating system and service management platform, EB-level cloud storage system, cloud server system supporting billion-level concurrency, large-capacity network switch facing cloud computing center and corresponding security management system, and forming overall technical solutions for various cloud services facing regions and key industries" is given.
China satellite navigation and cloud computing technology with Beidou system as the main body will be the core elements and foundation of the new generation of information technology and intelligent information industry. It has promoted the transformation and upgrading of many industries such as high-end manufacturing, modern service industry and integrated data industry. For traditional geological survey, intelligent geological survey and intelligent geological survey are typical signs of modern geological survey, and technologies such as navigation and location service, cloud computing and grid computing bring opportunities for intelligent geological survey and intelligent geological survey. The current progress of cloud computing, grid computing, navigation and location services is summarized as follows.
I. Navigation and location services
(1) Development Status of Navigation Satellite Technology at Home and Abroad
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a space-based satellite navigation and positioning system, which can provide dynamic information about time, space and position. It is one of the most promising and dynamic high-tech fields at present, and has become the main spatial information infrastructure. Because of the important role of GNSS system in national politics, military affairs, economy, science and technology, all the space powers in the world are developing their own GNSS systems. At present, the United States GPS (Global Positioning System), Russian GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System), European Union Galileo (Galileo for short) and China Beidou (Compass Navigation Satellite System) have been recognized by the United Nations as the four major satellite navigation systems in the world. In addition, according to their respective development strategies, India and Japan have respectively developed regional satellite navigation systems IRNSS (Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System) and QZSS (Quasi-Zenith Satellite System) for the Asia-Pacific region.
From the late 1960s to the early 1970s, the United States and the former Soviet Union began to develop a new generation of global satellite navigation systems, providing all-weather, all-day, continuous and real-time accurate positioning services. By the mid-1990s, the global satellite navigation systems GPS and GLONASS had been built and put into operation. In March 2002, the European Union launched the Galileo program. See table 1- 1 for GPS parameters.
Table 1- 1 GPS parameters and performance table
China satellite navigation started in 1980s, when Academician Chen Fangyun put forward the theory of double-star positioning. As a self-developed navigation satellite system in China, its development strategy is divided into three steps. Step 1: The Beidou Satellite Navigation Test System was completed. In 2000, China became the third country in the world with its own satellite navigation system. Step 2: Beidou satellite navigation (regional) system. In 20 12, five GEO satellites, five IGSO satellites (two in-orbit backups) and four MEO satellites *** 14 will be built, thus forming the Beidou satellite navigation system covering most of the Asia-Pacific region. Step 3: Beidou satellite navigation system will be built in 2020, which will include 5 geosynchronous orbit satellites, 3 inclined geosynchronous orbit satellites and 27 medium orbit satellites, forming a global navigation and positioning system with positioning accuracy better than GPS and short message communication. At present, the Beidou satellite navigation system has completed the second step of construction and started to provide fast positioning, short digital message communication and time service for users in the Asia-Pacific region.
Beidou satellite navigation system provides positioning, navigation, time service and short message communication services, which are divided into open service and time service. Open service refers to providing positioning, navigation and timing services for any user with terminal equipment in the service area, with positioning accuracy of 10m, timing accuracy of 50ns and speed measurement accuracy of 0.2m/s. Authorized service refers to services that can only be used after authorization, including higher-precision positioning service (maximum 1m) and short message service.
China satellite navigation and location service industry can be basically divided into: navigation and satellite manufacturing, chips, OEM boards, modules, antennas, etc. Upstream, terminal integration, intermediate system integration; Downstream is sales, operation and service. 201212 February, the State Council press office held a press conference, officially announcing that Beidou satellite navigation system will officially provide regional services on the same day. According to the forecast of China Satellite Navigation and Positioning Association, the output value of satellite navigation and location service industry will exceed 225 billion yuan by 20 15, and will reach 400 billion yuan by 2020, when Beidou industry is expected to occupy 70% to 80% of the market.
Beidou is not inferior to GPS in positioning and navigation function, and its time service function is mainly used in finance, electric power, communication and other fields. Beidou timing accuracy can reach the level of 10ns, and its unique communication function is expected to be an important supplement to wireless mobile communication, which is of great significance to resource scheduling, safety monitoring and disaster prevention and relief work.
(B) the development status of location services at home and abroad
LBS (location-based service) is also called location service. LBS is a value-added service provided by the combination of mobile communication network and satellite positioning system. Through a set of positioning technology, the location information (such as latitude and longitude coordinate data) of the mobile terminal is obtained and provided to the mobile user himself or others and the communication system to realize various location-related services. In essence, it is a new service business related to spatial location with a broader concept.
In 2004, Reichenbacher classified LBS services used by users into five categories: location (personal location), navigation (path navigation), inquiry (inquiring about a person or an object), identification (recognizing a person or an object) and event inspection (sending personal location information with help or inquiry to relevant institutions under special circumstances).
With the popularity of smartphones, 3/4 smartphone users in the United States are using real-time LBS location services. Pew Interent & American Life Project conducted a survey. The results show that 74% smartphone users in the United States use real-time LBS location service to find relevant information nearby. In addition, 18% users will use the "check-in" of geographical social services such as Foursquare to confirm their geographical location and share it with friends.
The share of smartphone users in the United States has increased from 35% of 20 1 1 to 46% of 20 12, which means that the overall proportion of users using LBS services is also increasing. In addition, the number of users who use "check-in" has also increased from 65,438+02% in 2065,438+0 to 65,438+08% in 2065,438+02, and the share of smartphones in the US market is getting higher and higher.
Kathryn Zickuhr, a member of PEW INTERENT & American Life Project, revealed to Mashable that long-term research has found that location has nothing to do with users' Internet and mobile phone use, but the growth of users' awareness of location service has become a part of people's use of digital technology products. At the same time, Zickuhr added that the importance of finding people's position lies in finding themselves and finding social connections with others. Undoubtedly, LBS information service and geo-social check-in service will be more popular with young users. At the same time, the research shows that although low-income people will use LBS information services less, they are more likely to become users of geo-social services.
200165438+February, KDDI of Japan launched the first commercial location service. Before the introduction of KD DI service, SECOM, a well-known Japanese security company, successfully launched the first device with tracking function using GPSONE technology in April of 200 1 year. The device also runs in KDDI's network. This high-precision security service can accurately locate the location of calling individuals, objects or vehicles under any circumstances; NTTDoCoMo provides i-Area service in i-mode package, but it is limited to daily information service. EZNaviWalk pedestrian navigation application based on Qualcomm MS-GPS system has achieved great success in the Japanese market, becoming a killer application in the competition between KDDI and NTTDoCoMo.
In Korea, KTF became the first company in Korea to provide commercial mobile positioning services to users through the national mobile communication network by using GPSONE technology in February 2002. In terms of LBS business innovation, Korean mobile operators are in the forefront of the world. In July 2004, SK Telecom, Korea's largest mobile operator, took the lead in launching the world's first online location service to ensure children's safety-I.-Kids, which is used to confirm children's current location and activity path. Once the child's activities exceed the set range, it will automatically send out an alarm message.
Bell Mobile Canada is the market leader of LBS business, taking the lead in providing location-based entertainment, information, help and other services. In February 2003, Bell Mobile's M yFinder business took the lead in entering the market. Bell Mobile keeps innovating. In September, 2004, BEL Mobile released the world's first GPS-based mobile game Swordfsih, which uses mobile phone positioning technology to shrink the earth into a measurable fish pond. According to the survey, about two-thirds of American users are willing to pay a certain fee every month to get the direction and location information of guided driving. Driven by the market, SprintPCS, which is in the leading position in E9 1 1, launched LBS commercial service in September 2004.
In Europe, the technology of applying LBS by operators is quite mature, and its services are mainly positioning and navigation services.
In 20 12, the Ministry of Science and Technology issued the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Navigation and Location Services (Draft for Comment), pointing out that "the navigation and location services industry has become one of the fastest-growing emerging information industries in the world after the Internet and mobile communication." The plan defines the direction and goal of the leap-forward development of China's navigation and location service industry: breaking through the three core technologies of ubiquitous accurate positioning, holographic navigation map and intelligent location service; Carry out public, industrial and regional application demonstrations to provide location information services for governments, enterprises and public users: directly form a scale industry of more than 654.38 billion; Initially establish five high-tech industrialization bases.
Global navigation and location service industry has become one of the fastest-growing emerging information industries after Internet and mobile communication, and has maintained an annual growth momentum of more than 50% in recent years. According to statistics, in 20 1 1 year, the output value of satellite navigation and location services in China was close to 70 billion yuan, which was about 20 times higher than that in 2000, accounting for 7.4% of the world. In the next five years, the geographic information location service industry in China will enter a golden period, even a "diamond" period.
At present, Beidou satellite navigation system has become a major spatial information infrastructure in China. China satellite navigation with Beidou system as the main body will be the core element and foundation of the new generation of information technology and intelligent information industry. Beidou satellite navigation system can promote the transformation and upgrading of high-end manufacturing, modern service industry, integrated data industry and other industries. As an important element of the new generation of information technology, "location" will be everywhere.
Second, cloud computing and grid technology.
cloud computing
In the information age, the innovation ability of new technologies and the development degree of new industries have become the standards to measure the comprehensive strength of a country. Therefore, countries all over the world, especially developed countries, have formulated a series of supporting policies and safeguard measures for cloud computing technology innovation, industrial development and talent guarantee. Although the global cloud computing industry is in the early stage of development, the market scale is not large, but it will guide the traditional ICT industry to transform into social services, and the future development space is very broad. In 20 1 1 year, the global cloud computing service scale is about 90 billion US dollars, and it will reach176.8 billion US dollars in 20 15 years, and the development space is very broad.
In recent years, the US government has formulated a series of policies to support cloud computing, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects: unifying strategic planning and defining the service standards of cloud computing products; Strengthen infrastructure construction, formulate standards and encourage innovation: increase government procurement and actively cultivate the market; Build a cloud computing ecosystem to promote the coordinated development of the industrial chain. Based on the analysis of the current situation, the US government has positioned cloud computing technology and industry as one of the important means to maintain the country's core competitiveness. The U.S. government's support for the cloud computing industry is deep-seated, which promotes the technological progress and industrial development of cloud computing by forcing government procurement and specifying technical architecture.
20 12 September, the European Commission announced the launch of a strategic plan aimed at further developing the potential of cloud computing in Europe, aiming at expanding the application of cloud computing technology in the economic field, thus creating a large number of employment opportunities. The policy measures in the cloud computing strategic plan of the European Commission include: screening a number of technical standards to ensure interoperability, data portability and reversibility of cloud computing users, and determining the necessary standards in the above areas before 20 13: supporting the certification scheme of "trusted cloud service providers" within the EU; Establish safe and fair standards and norms for cloud computing services, especially the SLA of services, use the purchasing power of the public sector (accounting for 20% of the total IT expenditure) to establish a partnership between European cloud computing services and related enterprises in EU member States, establish a European cloud computing market, and urge European cloud service providers to expand their business scope and provide cost-effective online management services. The goal of the cloud computing strategic plan formulated by the European Commission is that by 2020, cloud computing can create 2.5 million new jobs in Europe, with an average annual output value of 654.38+06 billion euros, reaching 654.38+0% of the EU gross national product.
20 10 In August, the report "Cloud Computing and Japan's Competitiveness Research" released by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan pointed out that the government, users and cloud service providers (data centers, IT vendors, etc. ) We should take advantage of Japan's advantages, such as technological advantages in IT, solve the challenges and key problems in the evolution and development of cloud computing by analyzing the global development trend of cloud computing, and build a good environment for the development of cloud computing industry. Explore the global market by creating services based on cloud computing, and cultivate new markets with a cumulative scale of more than 40 trillion yen by 2020.
20 1 1 In September, the Korean government formulated the Comprehensive Revitalization Plan for Cloud Computing, the core of which is the introduction and provision of cloud computing services led by the government to develop domestic demand for cloud computing. KCC Report pointed out that from 20 10 to 20 12, the Korean government invested 4158 billion won to build a general cloud computing infrastructure, virtualizing 1970 servers with low utilization rate used in e-government, and gradually replacing them with high-performance servers.
China's cloud computing service market is in its infancy, and cloud computing technology and equipment have a certain development foundation. The overall scale of cloud computing service market in China is small, but the catch-up momentum is obvious. According to Gartner's estimation, in 20 1 1 year, China's share in the global cloud computing service market was less than 3%, but the annual growth rate reached 40%. It is predicted that the gap between China and foreign countries in cloud computing will gradually narrow in the future.
Large Internet companies are the main cloud computing service providers in China at present, and their business forms are mainly open platform services in the form of IaaS+PaaS, among which IaaS services are relatively mature and PaaS services have begun to take shape. Large domestic Internet companies have developed basic IT resource services such as cloud hosting, cloud storage and open database, as well as one-stop hosting services such as website cloud and game cloud. Some Internet companies have independently launched the PaaS cloud platform, which is open to enterprises and developers. PaaS platforms of several companies have attracted hundreds of thousands of developers to settle in and achieved a win-win situation with developers through sharing.
ICT vendors have considerable strength in the technical research and development of cloud computing dedicated servers, storage devices and enterprise private cloud solutions. Among them, cloud computing server products developed by domestic enterprises are already competitive. In the purchase of new servers by large domestic Internet companies, domestic brands account for more than 50%, and they are gradually entering the international market. The private cloud solution of domestic equipment manufacturing enterprises has the management level of thousands of physical machines and millions of virtual machines.
Software vendors gradually turned to the field of cloud computing, began to provide SaaS services, and extended to the field of PaaS. Domestic SaaS software vendors are mostly small and medium-sized enterprises, and their business forms are mainly enterprise CRM services. The number of contracted users of leading SaaS software providers in China has exceeded10,000.
Relying on the advantages of network and data center, telecom operators mainly enter the cloud computing market through IaaS services. China Telecom released Tianyi cloud computing strategy, brand and solution in August of 20 1 1. August 20 12, providing IaaS services such as cloud hosting and cloud storage. In the future, SaaS services such as cloud-based e-commerce navigation and open PaaS service platform will be provided. China Mobile started to build a big cloud platform in 2007. In 2065, Dayun 1.5 was released, and in 2065, Dayun1.01.0 was released. Mobile MM and other services will migrate to the big cloud platform in the future. China Unicom independently developed the cloud computing service "Wo Yun" for individuals, enterprises and government users. At present, the service of Wo Yun is mainly storage service, which realizes the collaborative function of user information and files on multiple devices, as well as the centralized storage and safe custody of files and materials.
Relying on its own computer room and data center, IDC enterprises have been able to provide IaaS services such as flexible computing, storage and network resources with IaaS as the entry point of cloud services. Some IDC companies have also extended their traditional services (such as application engines and cloud mailboxes) to provide PaaS and SaaS services.
In order to accelerate the technological innovation and industrial development of cloud computing, the Ministry of Science and Technology issued the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Cloud Technology Development in China in 20 12, in which key technologies were put forward. These key technologies are also the technological development trend in this field in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.
These key technologies mainly include cloud computing architecture, computing, storage, management, application support, massive data processing and other key technologies. Such as cloud server node technology supporting 10,000-level concurrent tasks, data center interconnection network structure and communication stack technology supporting effective interaction of 100,000-level nodes, hardware security technology supporting identity authentication, encryption and isolation: large-scale distributed data sharing and management technology; Resource scheduling and flexible computing technology; User information management technology, operation control technology, safety management and protection technology; Application service development and operation environment technology, application service interaction technology: green energy-saving technology of cloud computing data center, etc.
(2) Grid computing
Since the mid-1990s, the Natural Science Foundation of the United States, NASA and other organizations and departments, as well as the US military, have invested a lot of money in grid research projects in their respective fields. So far, the US government has spent 500 million dollars on the basic research of grid technology. Npaci (National Advanced Computing Infrastructure Partner) Grid is a grid research project funded by NSF. Its purpose is to establish an advanced computer system that can meet the needs of NPACI scientific calculation. Its operation mode is: researchers first collect data from experiments or digital libraries, then analyze the data by running the model on the computing grid, and enjoy these data through the Web, and finally publish the analysis results through the digital library. NPACI grid consists of a series of hardware resources, software resources, network resources and data resources distributed in various resource sites. These websites mainly include San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC), Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) and University of Michigan. At present, these resource sites have installed integrated grid middleware collections and advanced NPACI application software.
TeraGrid project was launched in August, 20001with the support of NSF in the United States, aiming at establishing a distributed grid computing system with the widest scope, the most complete functions and supporting open scientific research in the world. This system enables thousands of scientists in the United States to enjoy computing resources through the fastest research network in the world. In August, 20001,53 million USD was used to support four sites: National Supercomputing Application Center (NCSA), San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and Advanced Computer Research Center (CACR). June 5438+October 2002 10, Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center joined, and NFS added $350,000 as supplementary funds. In September, 2003, TeraGrid added four sites, and NSF correspondingly increased by 654.38 million dollars. TeraGrid's main partners are IBM, Intel and Qwest Communications. By 2004, TeraGrid will provide users with 20TeraFlop (trillion floating-point operations per second) computing power, 65,438+0 petabyte (250) data storage capacity, high-resolution visualization environment and a series of software toolkits supporting grid computing. All resources of TeraGrid will be connected through a network with 40 Gigabit/sec switching capability.
Globus is one of the most influential grid research projects in the world. The main project members are Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, University of Southern California, and now IBM is also involved. Its main research tasks are divided into four aspects: the basic theory and key technologies of grid, the development of software and tools, the establishment of experimental platform and the development of grid applications.
According to Globus's plan, in the grid computing environment, all subjects that can be used for * * * enjoyment are resources, such as computers, high-performance network equipment, expensive instruments, large-capacity storage devices, various scientific data, and various software. And distributed file systems and database buffer pools can also be understood as resources. In fact, in the grid computing environment, anything useful to users can be understood as resources. Globus is not concerned with the entity of resources, but how to provide resources to users safely, effectively and conveniently. Therefore, from * * *, Globus will focus on the access interface or access interface of resources. At present, Globus integrates Web Service technology in the field of commercial computing, hoping to provide extensive and basic grid environment support for various commercial applications and realize more convenient information sharing and interoperability.
Grid research has been included in the national "863" plan. During the tenth five-year plan period, China will develop a high-performance computer with 4 trillion operations per second for grid; Build a high-performance computing environment, namely "China National Grid", with an aggregate computing capacity of 5 trillion to 7 trillion times: develop a set of grid software with independent intellectual property rights; Build a number of important application grids urgently needed for scientific research, economic construction, social development and national defense construction; Form a number of national standards for grid technology and participate in the formulation of international standards; Make China reach the world advanced level in power grid technology, and greatly improve China's comprehensive national strength and international competitiveness.
The Institute of Computing Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences is conducting a research called Vega Grid. Its core idea is based on broadband and wireless network, so that all components located in a computer can surf the Internet independently and enjoy resources and services. Computing will focus on four technologies: universal service, auxiliary intelligence, global integration and autonomous control, and develop specific products and technologies such as grid-oriented servers, routers, operating systems and protocols.
ChinaGrid project, an educational and scientific research grid in China, is a major project of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" 2 1 1 project of the Ministry of Education. Its research grid support platform is jointly developed by Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Beihang University. Based on W eb service reference framework, it has reached the international advanced level. The supporting platform utilizes a large number of computing resources and information resources of China Education and Research Network and universities to realize effective sharing of resources, eliminate information islands, provide effective servers, and form a high-level and low-cost computing service platform.
China Education and Research Grid will make full use of CERN ET, China's national education and research network, and a large number of computing resources and information resources in universities, open corresponding network software, cooperate with the use of network computers, integrate autonomous and heterogeneous massive resources distributed on the education and research network, realize effective sharing of resources under CERNET environment, eliminate information islands, provide effective services, form a high-level and low-cost service platform, and send high-performance computing to the desktops of users of education and research network, thus becoming a national-level research and teaching platform.
Iii. Application requirements of new generation information technology in field geological survey
. 1 is the demand of field geological survey from tradition to digitalization and intelligence.
Navigation and location service refers to the establishment of location and time labels and their correlation of people, things, things and places based on navigation and positioning, mobile communication, digital maps and other technologies, so as to provide services for government, enterprises, industries and public users to know the location and location-related information of concerned targets at any time. It plays an important role in promoting the upgrading and transformation of modern geological survey industry. With the improvement of infrastructure and the progress of technology, "positioning", as an important element of the new generation of information technology, will play an important role in field geological survey.
Field geological survey is usually carried out in dangerous areas, and many places have the nature of one-time arrival, so the information obtained in the field is of great value. If you observe in the field, limited by personal ability and observation environment, you may miss extremely useful information, leading to the loss of the opportunity to find "mines". Secondly, the field work environment is difficult, and the disciplines are cross-disciplinary, making it difficult to find mines. It is increasingly urgent to realize the deployment, expert consultation, remote guidance, management and monitoring of field geological work through modern means.
In order to obtain field geological data effectively and make it as accurate as possible, it is necessary to make full use of the characteristics and advantages of China satellite navigation with Beidou system as the main body and fully combine with field geological survey to build a four-level field geological survey node networking system for Beijing (China Geological Survey), large regions (East China, North China, Southwest China, Northwest China, Northeast China, South China), geological survey institutes or geological prospecting units (provincial level) and field personnel; Based on grid GIS technology, this paper studies the location information search, intelligent push and on-demand service technology for 10 thousand users of China Geological Survey. By constructing an intelligent location service system and platform for field geological survey based on BDS/GPS, geologists actively push comprehensive information related to the current location, such as geology, minerals, geochemistry, geophysics, regional early warning information, regional human geography background information, and provide concrete support for the implementation of intelligent geological survey and intelligent geological survey.
2. The need to strengthen the work and management service ability of field geological surveyors.
China Geological Survey organized and implemented the national "Special Project of Geological and Mineral Investigation and Evaluation in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau", carried out large-scale regional geological and mineral survey and mineral resources prospect evaluation in major metallogenic belts, improved the level of basic geological survey through regional geological, geochemical and geophysical work, identified the metallogenic geological background, metallogenic conditions and mineral resources potential, delineated the prospecting target area, and carried out environmental damage restoration tests caused by human activities such as mineral development. It is of great significance to give full play to the resource advantages of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, ease the "bottleneck" constraint of China's resources, promote the sustainable development of regional economy, improve the living standards of border ethnic groups, and consolidate border defense.
Nowadays, every year, a large number of geological technicians flood into the dangerous field to carry out the national basic and public welfare geological survey tasks. Because the field geological survey has the characteristics of great mobility, single person (or a group of 2 ~ 3 people) and strong dispersion. At present, the focus of basic geological survey in China is in the western region, mostly in the blind area of mobile communication and ground communication network. The progress and dynamics of field geological survey and emergency rescue of field work mainly use satellite telephone contact, and its popularization and application are limited by low automation and high cost, which is difficult to meet the dynamic tracking and navigation of moving targets in field geological survey. It is urgent to improve the accuracy and safety of field geological survey by high-tech means and complete the transformation requirements of the national basic geological survey team.
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