Information about water conservation

Water is an important raw material for industrial and agricultural production, and it is also a precious natural resource that human beings rely on for survival. Without water, there would be no life, no good natural environment, and no sustainable social and economic development. Today's world has entered an era of water stress, with a global water crisis emerging. Compared with other countries in the world, the situation of my country's water resources and water environment is even more worrying: First, my country's total water resources are in serious shortage. In 1998, my country's per capita water volume was 2,251 cubic meters, only 1/4 of the world's per capita level. It is predicted that when my country's population increases to 1.6 billion in 2030, the per capita water resource volume will drop to 1,760 cubic meters. Second, the spatial and temporal distribution of my country’s water resources is also very unbalanced. The absolute amount of water resources is less in the west and more in the east, while the per capita amount is scarce in the east and abundant in the west, forming two reverse gradient distributions. Third, my country's water environment is also deteriorating day by day, resulting in a reduction in water resource availability. With economic development, population growth and urbanization, my country's demand for water resources will further increase in the future. How to solve the contradiction between insufficient water supply and increasing demand for water resources has become a major issue that needs urgent research and solution.

The core of sustainable utilization of water resources is to improve water use efficiency, put water conservation in a prominent position, vigorously promote water conservation measures, develop water-saving agriculture, industry and service industries, and build a water-saving society. To improve water utilization efficiency, in addition to carrying out institutional innovation, reforming the management system of water resources, establishing a reasonable water price formation mechanism, and mobilizing the enthusiasm of the whole society to save water and prevent and control water pollution, vigorously developing and promoting the application of water-saving technology is also a Very important link.

(1) Promote agricultural water-saving technology. Agricultural water accounts for 80% of my country's total water consumption, but the waste of agricultural water is also the most serious. Irrigation water accounts for 70% of agricultural water consumption. More than half of the water leaks during the irrigation process. Flood irrigation also wastes 30 to 35% of the water. %. In the future, water-saving irrigation technology should be vigorously developed to transform from traditional extensive irrigation agriculture and dryland rain-fed agriculture to water-saving and efficient modern irrigation agriculture and modern dryland agriculture. For irrigated agricultural areas, water-saving irrigation technology should focus on improving surface irrigation, and promote surface irrigation water-saving technologies suitable for my country's national conditions (such as flat land, furrow irrigation, intermittent irrigation, etc.). In the northern canal irrigation area, the irrigation method of combining canals will be implemented, and sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation can be developed in areas with conditions. Water conservancy projects should be coordinated with agricultural technology, a water-saving crop rotation system should be implemented, and cultivation, fertilization, and drought-resistant, high-yielding high-quality varieties should be promoted. For dryland agricultural areas, we should follow the principle of complementing water and drought, make full use of modern dryland agricultural technologies such as rainwater collection and irrigation, carry out basic farmland construction focusing on converting slopes into ladders, and use various measures to reduce ineffective evaporation and improve soil quality. organic matter, build soil reservoirs, and increase water storage. At the same time, according to the water demand characteristics of different crops and local water resources conditions, the crop layout is adjusted, the planting structure is optimized, and excellent varieties are selected.

(2) Promote industrial water-saving technology. Industrial production is also a large user of water. At present, my country's industrial water consumption per 10,000 yuan of output value is 5 to 10 times that of developed countries. There is still great potential to be tapped in reducing industrial water consumption. To reduce industrial water consumption, we can start from the following three aspects: (1) Reform the production water process and strive to use less water. For example, the unit water consumption in production processes such as steelmaking in my country is several times or even dozens of times higher than the advanced level abroad. If the old open-hearth furnace is replaced by an oxygen converter, it will not only increase steel production, but also reduce water consumption by 86 to 90%. (2) Improve the reuse rate of water resources. The water reuse rate of advanced foreign industrial enterprises is as high as more than 90%, while most of the water used by Chinese enterprises is discharged as wastewater after one use. Although the reuse rate of industrial water in some water-scarce cities in my country is relatively high, there are great regional differences. Further tapping the potential can save a lot of water. (3) Explore technologies for utilizing seawater and brackish water. Due to the lack of fresh water resources, coastal cities can use seawater for industrial cooling water and domestic toilet flushing water, and brackish water resources can be developed in North and Northwest China.

(3) Promote water-saving technology for urban domestic water use. Urban domestic water use is an important aspect of water resource consumption and another important source of water pollution.

According to data from the Urban Water Resources Center of the Ministry of Construction, one-third of my country's urban domestic water is lost due to leakage, leakage, leakage, and leakage during water supply and use. Due to the aging and poor quality of tap water pipes in many cities, the amount of water due to pipeline leakage in my country accounts for more than 20% of the water supply in the tap water network every year, reaching 6 billion cubic meters. Faced with this situation, Chinese cities should transform their water supply pipe networks through water-saving technologies, develop and promote water-saving appliances, publicize and encourage water conservation, and create water-saving cities.

(4) Develop, introduce and absorb advanced pollution control technologies. In addition to saving water in agriculture, industry and domestic water, developing and introducing advanced pollution control technologies and improving sewage treatment and reuse rates are also important ways to save water. Facing the increasingly serious problem of water environment pollution, our country should first strategically change from "end treatment" to "source control." Actively develop, introduce and absorb advanced foreign pollution control technologies, improve the depth of urban sewage treatment, and open up urban sewage as a "second water source." This recycled water can be used as urban water, industrial cooling water, environmental water, ground washing water and farmland irrigation water. This is an inevitable requirement for protecting water supply quality and improving the water environment. It is also the fundamental way to achieve the coordinated development of urban water resources and water environment.