About Liu Zongyuan's "Xiaoshi Pond Ji" is urgent! ! !

1. The literary value of Eight Notes in Yongzhou: Liu Zongyuan's travel notes on mountains and rivers have a unique position in the history of China literature. Among them, the most famous ones are the Travel Notes of Xide Xishan Banquet, Cobalt Luantan, West Hill of Cobalt Luantan, West Xiaoshi Pond to Xiaoqiu, Yuan Jiake, Shiqu, Shijian, and Little Rock Mountain, which he wrote after he was relegated to Yongzhou. These works, gallery-like, show the landscapes at the turn of Hunan and Guangxi, and inherit the tradition of Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics. Notes on Water Classics is a geography book, which describes the scenery objectively and shows less subjective feelings. On the other hand, Liu Zongyuan's landscape travel notes integrate his life experience, thoughts and feelings into the description of natural scenery, and throw himself into the author's own figure. By taking advantage of the beautiful scenery abandoned in the remote areas, he expresses his misfortune and pours his resentment and depression.

this article is the fourth in Liu Zongyuan's Eight Chapters of Yongzhou, which maintains the consistent writing style of Eight Chapters of Yongzhou, observing in detail and describing in detail. Xiao Qi's appearance conveys his spirit. First, the article describes the scenery you see, then depicts the fish swimming and the pool with close-ups, and then describes the scenery on the pool and your own feelings, thus writing out the deep and cold scenery and atmosphere around Xiaoshi Pond. In addition, the author also conveys his lonely and sad state of mind in his secluded life in his scenery writing, which is a masterpiece of scene blending. The full text is lonely and quiet, gloomy, which looks like writing scenery, but in fact it writes the heart. Although the description of the fish in the middle reaches of the pond is only a few words, it is extremely accurate to write the empty and clear water and the physical and mental posture of swimming fish. In addition, the brushwork of the fish in the middle reaches of the pond is wonderful, and none of them involves water. Just saying that the fish is "swimming in the air" makes the water clear and transparent, and the fish vivid and vivid, all of which have their own wonderful artistic conception, which is amazing. Appreciation of Liu Zongyuan's landscape travel notes in Xiaoshi Pond is a part of his prose creation with high artistic skills and originality. Among his few travel notes on mountains and rivers, The Story of Xiaoshi Pond is a very representative work. The Story of Xiaoshi Pond is the fourth in Eight Stories of Yongzhou. This essay vividly describes the beauty and quietness of Xiaoshi Pond's environmental scenery, and expresses the author's lonely feelings after he was demoted to official position and frustrated. The language is concise and vivid, the scenery is exquisite and lifelike, and the whole article is full of poetry and painting, which shows the author's outstanding writing skills. Therefore, it has become a famous essay that has been read by all previous dynasties.

this travel note can be divided into five paragraphs.

in the first paragraph, the author uses the technique of "changing the shape", which guides us to appreciate various landscapes in the process of moving and changing, and has a strong sense of dynamic picture. "One hundred and twenty steps west from the hill, separated by bamboo, smelling the sound of water, such as singing the ring, I am happy." At the beginning of the article, we were guided to walk 12 steps to the west of the hill. When I came to a bamboo forest, I could hear the sound of water flowing through it. "bamboo" is the bamboo in the forest; "Like a ringing ring" is a clear and pleasant description of the sound of flowing water, just like the sound made when Yu Pei Yuhuan collided with each other. The article is written naturally from scenery to emotion. "Cut bamboo and take the road, and see the small pool below." In the dense bamboo forest, I cut a path and finally saw a small pool. At this point, the full face of Xiaoshi Pond was presented to us. This time from the hill to the bamboo, from the bamboo to the sound of water, and then from the sound of water to the small pool, not only tells the story of the discovery of the small pool, but also is full of suspense and curiosity, and gradually unfolds a wonderful picture in front of people. From then on, the author put pen power on the careful description of Chitan. "The water is especially clear, the whole stone is the bottom, near the shore, and the bottom of the rolled stone is out, which is a mountain, a islet, a moraine and a rock." The water in Xiaoshi Pond is exceptionally cool, and the whole pond is made of stones. The whole bottom of the pool is a big stone, and near the bank of the pool, the stone at the bottom of the pool is rolled out of the water. These stones come in various shapes. "Gui" is the highland in the water; "Yu" is a small island; "Qin" and "rock" are all forms of rock. In a word, this is a pool surrounded by various forms of stones, so the author named it Xiaoshi Pond. "The green trees and vines are covered and twisted, and they are staggered." It is the author's description of the scenery on the pond. There are green trees and green vines, which are intertwined to form a green net, dotted around the pond, and the uneven branches swing with the wind. The description on this pool is only 12 words, which shows us the extremely quiet and excellent scenery around Xiaoshi Pond, making us feel the beauty of the small pool more and more.

In the second paragraph, the author describes swimming in the pool and swimming in fish. In this paragraph, the author uses a different technique from the first paragraph, changing "step by step" into "fixed-point close-up" This is a wonderful passage in the whole article. Especially the description of fish swimming in the water is more vivid. "There are hundreds of fish in the pool, and all of them swim in vain. Under the sun, the shadow is on the stone, but it doesn't move; You are far away, and the exchanges are sudden. It seems to be fun with tourists. " This is a very beautiful picture. Fish swimming in the water is not like swimming in the water, but like swimming in the air. When the sun shone, the fish's shadow fell on the stone at the bottom of the pool. Literally, the author is writing about fish, but literally, we can't help but leave a deep impression on the clear pool. This writing method of swimming fish and pool water against each other has received good artistic effect. Below, the author further describes the fish. At first, the fish just stood still. Suddenly, some fish darted into the distance, swimming here and there for a while, as if enjoying happiness with tourists. After reading this, we can't help but think of the author's joyful mood from swimming fish. This way of writing from emotion to scenery, from scenery to emotion is a prominent feature of this essay.

The third paragraph explores the water sources and the scenery on the pond in Xiaoshi Pond. "Looking at the southwest of the pool, you can see the flicker. Its shore potential is different from each other and its source is unknown. " Looking to the southwest, a stream meanders, winding like the Big Dipper, and swimming like a snake, one visible and the other invisible. The banks of the stream are high and low, scraggy, and the fangs are wrong. Here, the author successfully uses metaphor, describing the shape of the stream with the twists and turns of the Big Dipper and the crawling of snakes, and describing the banks of the stream with the teeth of dogs, which makes us feel vivid.

The fourth paragraph gives the author's general impression and feelings about Xiaoshi Pond. "Sitting on the pool, surrounded by bamboo trees, lonely and empty, sad and cold, sad and quiet. Because its territory is too clear, you can't live for a long time, but remember it. " Sitting on the Xiaoshi Pond, surrounded by dense bamboos and trees, it is very quiet, and no one can be seen. It makes people look bleak, chilling and spiritually sad. Because its situation is too quiet and clear, it is not suitable for people to stay for a long time, so they signed the words and left. In this passage, the author highlighted the word "quiet", and put the quiet in the environment into his mind, blending the scene and writing a miserable and lonely state of mind. This is undoubtedly a tortuous reflection of the author's mood after being demoted.

In the last paragraph, "Travellers: Wu Wuling, Gong Gu, Yu Dizong Xuan. Those who follow: Cui Shi, the second young student, said that he would forgive himself and serve him. " Write down the people who traveled with the author in Xiaoshi Pond, while the' Cui Shi Erxiaosheng' in the back has a figure imagined by the author, and the author connects them to restrain himself.

The Story of Xiaoshi Pond is an excellent landscape travel note with exquisite language, rich meanings and vivid images. It shows the author's profound observation and unique experience of things, and also shows the author's profound artistic skill. The nuanced techniques and clever and vivid metaphors used in the article are worth learning from. (Selected from the Dictionary of Ancient Prose Appreciation, Rural Reading Publishing House, 1987)

Appreciation of Xiaoshi Pond (Fan Peisong) The Story of West Xiaoshi Pond to Xiaoqiu is the fourth of the Eight Stories of Yongzhou. This essay is about a little-known Xiaoshi Pond. This Xiaoshi Pond is not a beautiful scenery, much less a scenic spot, but a small pool beside an unknown hill. The author writes about Xiaoshi Pond itself, which is the best proof that he has not been infected with the bad habit of aestheticism of exhibition beauty. Judging from the value of this selection, it is also of great reference significance for our current travel writing. Although Xiaoshi Pond is not well-known, it took a little trouble to see it: I saw the bamboo bushes first and heard the sound of water, but I didn't see Xiaoshi Pond. Xiaoshi Pond's appearance, though not long-awaited, can also be called "still hiding half her face from us behind her guitar". I didn't see Xiaoshi Pond until "cutting bamboo to take the road". It's really a winding path. It's really an extraordinary sight. This "extraordinary" is a "strange" appearance. The strange thing is that the pool is "full of stones as the bottom", and the stones exposed in the pool are all so strange, "for the island, for the comparable, for the rock", coupled with the coverage of ancient trees and vines, the panoramic view of Xiaoshi Pond is full of tranquility, as if it were not a small world on earth, but a piece in the legendary Buddhist country. Then, the pen moves from static to dynamic, writing about the small fish in the pond. This is the most wonderful pen of this article. The fish in this pond are also extremely bizarre: first, there are actually countless fish, about "hundreds of heads"; The second is "the shadow is on the stone", and "it doesn't move" with self-possession. This is to continue to write quietly, which not only sets off the silence of Xiaoshi Pond, but also outlines the clarity of Xiaoshitan water. This turns into writing. In fact, when writing quietly, it has been foreshadowed, and the fish in the water can't help but move. The fish is still, just like the freeze-frame in the movie is just a display of a moment. After this freeze-frame, you will see the fish in the pond "passing away, wandering suddenly, like enjoying the tourists." Fish, how human, touched the author's feelings.

here, the word "le" is worth noting. Because of the frustration of reform, the author was banished to a distant place, with a heavy mental burden, and was in extreme trouble and depression. Why can you be "happy"? It is because I left the troubled officialdom that I found such a quiet place here, and my soul was purified and restored when I saw the fish enjoying themselves. The clarity of water and the joy of fish finally brought a moment of joy to this broken-hearted essayist. Quiet and joyful is the main theme of the first half of this essay. The reality is grim. In this environment of "surrounded by bamboo trees, lonely and uninhabited, sad and cold, quiet and secluded", the author feels that "it is too clear to live for a long time." After all, happiness is temporary, but sadness is eternal. In the face of this primitive sad scene, it may be even more uncomfortable, and it may even arouse the author's bleak association, thus forming a sharp decline in feelings from "joy" to "sadness". The performance of this landslide is also immediate. I feel that I can't stay here for a long time and leave quickly. I feel chilly and creepy.

This essay has always been praised as a masterpiece. There are two reasons why it can become a masterpiece: first, the author dares to choose the unknown Xiaoshi Pond in the rocky pile as the performance object of his travel notes, which shows that the author has extraordinary artistic courage; Second, when writing about Xiaoshi Pond's scenery, the author can freely blend into his own feelings, and the scenery moves with the feelings, naturally forming a sad artistic realm, which is the expression of the author's superb artistic wisdom and skills.

it's true that, in the final analysis, it's still one thing. The author, who happened to meet such a pure land, hit it off and merged into one. It's really a blessing from heaven and a blessing from scenery.

Stone pools in the wind, pebbles in the water, under the willow shadow, Xiaoshi Pond's story.