How to memorize phonetic symbols

First of all, you have to know what phonetic symbol each sound is represented by. Next, you need to know whether a certain place needs to be extended. Finally, just put them together.

The International Phonetic Alphabet was created by British and French scholars, which is mainly applicable to the annotation of Indo-European languages, African languages and some minority languages. After its publication, it became popular in European linguistics. Most Americans still use their own spelling and American Indian symbols.

Some sounds in Chinese dialects cannot be listed in this table. For example, the vowels [] and [] on the tip of the tongue in Mandarin were updated by Swedish sinologist Gao Benhan. Most palatalized consonants [], [] and [] in Wu dialect were put forward by the phonetician Zhao Yuanren.

Symbol:

There are only eight tone symbols in the international phonetic alphabet, which is not enough to study and describe tonal languages. Zhao Yuanren put forward the Latin alphabet of tones, which was published in Phonetics Teacher 1930. It is applicable to all tonal language and has been adopted by most international scholars. The four tones of Putonghua are ā, á, m 4 and à, which become common sense.

International phonetic symbols are distinguished from ordinary letters by brackets [].

In addition, for the convenience of recording, the International Phonetic Society has also stipulated a set of "descriptive symbols", "contemporary symbols" and "special symbols" for some important phonetic accompanying phenomena. For example, the symbol "* *" is nasalized, "ph" is strongly aspirated, "P" is weakly aspirated, "A:" is full length A, "A." is half length A, "* *" is light tone (* *) and so on. General symbols and special symbols are not illustrated.