What is the Dayar Mongolian Organization?

At 1:10 noon on October 5, there were only a few hours left before the "Phoenix Weekly" reporter left Mongolia. "Dayar Mongolia", known as the "Mongolian neo-Nazi", finally appeared. , two core members arrived at the ANSAN Hotel in Ulaanbaatar.

The agreed time was 1:30 noon. During the two weeks of interviews conducted by "Phoenix Weekly" reporters in Mongolia, they were the only ones who were not late.

For the Chinese, "Dayar Mongolia" is a prominent and mysterious organization. Apart from being beaten and warned by it, there is almost no chance of contact. In order to explore the identity of this organization, reporters from "Phoenix Weekly" repeatedly contacted and communicated through various channels, and the answers they received were all "not willing to meet any Chinese people."

Successive setbacks caused our reporter to complain privately, "I don't even dare to meet two ordinary Chinese people. Do they have the guts?" This remark aroused the indignation of a local female student who temporarily acted as a translator. , she kept calling and sending text messages, hoping that they could save face for the Mongolian man, but to no avail.

However, just when the reporter booked the flight and was about to leave, an unexpected transfer occurred. It is said that two of the more moderate core members of "Dayar Mongolia" are willing to be interviewed, but the intermediary knows nothing about their names or identities. In order to avoid trouble, our reporter specially hired a male translator, but the Mongolian female student insisted on seeing their "grace" at the scene, even though she might be in danger of having her head shaved for being with the Chinese reporter.

When the two "Dayar Mongolians" with stern faces and tall figures appeared in the hotel, the air froze. Both of them are in their early thirties, and both are over 180cm tall. They are dressed meticulously, like rock stars preparing to go on the outdoor stage, and have a strong military aura: one is wearing a black jacket, a black silk scarf on his forehead, and a long shawl. The other wears a light-colored jacket and a slicked-back hair; in addition to the large and shining silver "swastika" necklace on the chest, both of them have a huge and clear leather "swastika" logo sewn on their thick-soled leather shoes.

The two "Dayar Mongolians" only nodded slightly to the reporters and translators who greeted them with smiles at the door, then walked straight into the guest room and sat on the sofa. Before they spoke, the two of them looked around and quickly discovered a problem: there were condoms on the bedside table of the double bed in the hotel, like all hotels in Mongolia. The man in black stretched out his arm and ordered the male translator to immediately take this "thing" away from their eyes.

The translators were asked to read all the questions in person. They had to discuss it before deciding whether to accept the interview. As for their personal identities and their organizations, they refused to answer. They only represented the organization and China. Reporters talk.

During the hour-and-a-half-long interview, the long-haired man in black always had a serious look on his face without any smile. The light-colored man with a heavy back only showed his boldness twice when discussing with his companions. A hearty laugh.

There was almost no eye contact with the Chinese reporters, and all requests for photos were answered with "no". They always turned a blind eye to the Mongolian female student who was watching. After the interview ended, the two people walked out of the guest room, shook hands with the male translator and said goodbye, and then strode out of the hotel, boarded the car and left immediately.

Phoenix Weekly: Please briefly introduce the founding and development of Dayal.

Dayal: Dayal was established 13 years ago and is a legal NGO established under the laws of Mongolia. The board of directors had 5 members at that time, with 9 assistants under them. Dayal has continued without interruption since then.

To this day, the 14 people have remained unchanged. The difference is that now there is a dedicated external exchange department. Communication with the outside world is more open. As for the specific number of members and supporters, it is a secret that has never been made public.

Phoenix Weekly: How is the communication between Dayal and other similar organizations in Mongolia?

Dayar: Many members of organizations with similar purposes in Mongolia came from Dayar, so they have always had relationships and exchanges. We consult with each other when doing things, just like different departments in a country. Dayal is the leader among them. There is no difference of opinion between us, we have the same purpose, we just work in different fields.

Phoenix Weekly: What thoughts led you to establish such an organization 13 years ago?

Dayal: What the purpose was for 13 years ago, why the organization was established, and what has happened up to now are not within the scope of what we should say. So we can't answer.

Phoenix Weekly: What is Dayal’s goal now?

Dayar: The purpose is very clear now. No matter which country comes to Mongolia, if any illegal behavior occurs or does not follow the local customs, Dayal will solve the problem face to face.

Phoenix Weekly: In what way? How to solve it?

Dayal: Dayal has come forward many times, and the situation is different every time. He will see it clearly before handling it. The first is to use legal means, or issue a written notice, etc. If this method cannot be respected, we will adopt other means to solve the problem. But we will not use violence, we will use legal means.

Phoenix Weekly: What are the main illegal behaviors of foreigners in Mongolia?

Dayar: First of all, when foreigners come to Mongolia, Mongolians will treat them as guests. But foreigners are guests, not hosts, so there are some things they can do and some things they cannot do. For example, some Chinese people open restaurants in Mongolia and are not friendly to Mongolians. They have no right to force Mongolians to eat or tell you to get out if you don't eat. It is understood that in the catering and construction industries, as long as the boss is Chinese, almost no one abides by the law. As guests, they should respect Mongolian customs, police and laws. For example, if you come to Mongolia to work, you must first sign a labor contract and abide by it. If the contract conflicts with Mongolian laws, it should be implemented in accordance with the law, but many Chinese bosses and workers do not comply.

Phoenix Weekly: What are the educational levels, knowledge structures, and social identities of Dayal’s board members? Is there anyone who studies law?

Dayal: Among the 14 people, 3 are public and can communicate with the outside world, while the others are not public. Some members are studying law, and we only exist because of their existence.

Phoenix Weekly: Among the 14 people, are there any differences in views? For example, are there differences between moderates and radicals in their attitudes towards the Chinese, and are there any differences in their attitudes towards violence?

Dayal: The first thing to make clear is that there is no conflict in our views. Secondly, our point of view is that no matter which country you come to Mongolia, you must abide by the law, otherwise you will come forward. It must be noted that many people think that Dayal is targeting the Chinese, but this is not the case. The reason may simply be that there are too many Chinese people and their cultural level is not high.

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Phoenix Weekly: Does this mean that Dayal is not opposed to legal foreign investment?

Dayal: We welcome foreign investment as long as it abides by Mongolian laws and customs. Mongolia is not closed and has its own culture, constitution and language. Why do violent incidents sometimes occur? Just because they don't obey the law. One of the reasons for this problem may be that the level of education is too low. Some people even think that some of the world's few less educated people came to Mongolia. They are disrespectful to other people, especially women. As responsible men in Mongolia, we should come forward.

Phoenix Weekly: What do you think of the social problems in Mongolia, such as official corruption and some people being lazy and unwilling to work? Have you ever thought about changing it?

Dayal: In 13 years, we have never done anything against the Mongolian government. If we didn't agree with what the government is doing, we wouldn't be doing what we are doing now.

Phoenix Weekly: Dayal chose the Nazi symbol as his symbol. Have you ever thought that this symbol would affect the image of Dayal and even Mongolia?

Dayal: (The two of them solemnly and slowly held the silver "swastika" badge about 1cm thick on their chests in their palms. During the process of answering, they stared at the badge, their expressions gradually exuding strange emotions. Brilliant, intoxicated with piety like a believer lifting the Holy Grail) There is not enough time to fully introduce the meaning of the symbol. We believe that the way Hitler used this symbol and what he did was inappropriate and went in a bad direction. We actually believe this symbol was created by our Mongolian ancestors, and some even believe it was used by Genghis Khan. The original meaning of this sign is very good. It is a Mongolian celestial sign, which is difficult to describe.

Our thoughts have nothing to do with Hitler. According to astronomers, the Big Dipper, rotated 90 degrees from the fourth star, resembles this sign. We think this sign is related to celestial phenomena. This symbol has different meanings when viewed from different angles. Rotate clockwise to express strength; counterclockwise to express peace.

Phoenix Weekly: Have you compiled statistics on people coming to Mongolia from various countries? How many of these incidents required the use of violence?

Dayal: According to my impression, 90-95% of the people who commit crimes are Chinese, followed by Koreans and very few from other countries. Regarding the specific processing method, I have not seen relevant figures.

Phoenix Weekly: Are there any specific examples of foreigners not abiding by the law?

Dayal: There have been three similar cases since 2000. They were all Chinese constructing work near the university. On their way home, female university students were dragged to the construction site and gang-raped. They were killed and then mixed into the concrete under construction. Another case is that in a brick factory run by the Chinese, a female college student was raped, murdered and burned in a furnace. There are also some cases where no suspect can be found. Sometimes even if found, the suspect ran into the Chinese embassy and did not come out, using it as a refuge. So the case that originally occurred on Mongolian soil has now become an international incident.

Phoenix Weekly: Did Dayal come forward in the above incident?

Dayal: During the preliminary investigation, we came forward. However, the final decision will be made by the legal authorities and we will not be involved.

Phoenix Weekly: Are there any other examples?

Dayar: For example, when opening a restaurant, there are certain requirements for the writing of signboards according to the law: Regardless of joint ventures or foreign investment, it should be in Mongolian. If it must be in a foreign language, it should not exceed 1/4 of the signboard, and it should only be written in Mongolian. Able to speak English and Latin. But the Chinese don’t comply. Six years ago, almost all Chinese restaurants had Chinese signs. We reminded them of the legal provisions, but after a while we found that almost no one listened to our reminders. Dayal could only cooperate with the police to take down their signs, which was legal. Now many people will accept our request.

Phoenix Weekly: Have you ever been to China? Have you ever met a Chinese person with a good impression?

Dayar: Mongolia has many good attractions. According to tradition, if you have not traveled all over Mongolia, you will not go abroad. So we have never been to China. Of the two of us, one of us had never seen a good Chinese person, and the other had seen one or two good Chinese people. Now it seems that most Mongolians do not have a good impression of the Chinese.

Phoenix Weekly: Have you ever tried to influence the government, such as writing a report to the government? Did the government talk to Dayal?

Dayal (after some discussion): This question will not be answered. But we have made proposals to regulate the behavior of foreigners. Take the law as an example. Mongolia has a law regulating the ratio of workers in the construction industry, requiring the ratio of domestic workers to foreign workers to be 9:1, but this has never been achieved (foreigners have not achieved it). We have been working hard for this.

Phoenix Weekly: After many foreign companies invested in Mongolia, they found that there were too few Mongolian workers and their skills did not meet the requirements, so they discussed with the Mongolian government to recruit more foreign workers. Has Dayal considered this problem and how to solve it?

Dayar: We believe that foreign companies coming to Mongolia will not provide many employment opportunities to Mongolians, and Mongolians can usually only do the worst jobs. Some foreigners come to work in the name of technicians, but they don't have any skills.

Take Chinese companies as an example. It seems that no Chinese companies are cultivating Mongolian talents and improving their technical and cultural levels. No one is doing anything for sustainable development. For example, when mining in Mongolia, the environment will not be restored in accordance with Mongolian laws. There are many brick factories around Ulaanbaatar. According to Mongolian law, brick factories and steel plants should not be built near the city. The government has specially arranged places far away from the city, but the Chinese are unwilling to go and insist on staying on the edge of the city. We found several illegal steel plants in the past two or three years and worked with the police to close them down.

Phoenix Weekly: In your opinion, is the number of Chinese people breaking the law declining or increasing?

Dayal: In the past five years, Chinese people have increasingly violated the law, and the negative impact on the entire society is increasing. In the past, when we wrote letters to remind people, some people would not accept or answer, but some would accept it. Now someone will start a fight with the police. Dozens of people would beat the police if they made demands on them.

The construction site of the Mongolian Technical Supervision Bureau building where recent clashes occurred. On the first day, the workers beat the security guard at the nearby construction site. On the second day, the security guard went to the police, and the workers beat two policemen. On the third day, the policeman who was beaten went to the next level, and several policemen drove up. The workers not only beat the policemen, but also smashed the police car.

After this happened, 4 or 5 people from an organization similar to ours went there to observe. The workers beat them again. Because of this incident, many ordinary Mongolians have a very bad impression of China. Some young people beat Chinese people when they see them on the street.

The two policemen who were beaten are now being treated in South Korea, and members of the organization are also being treated in the hospital. One of them may lose the ability to work.

Phoenix Weekly: The video circulating on the Internet of a Mongolian woman having her hair shaved off for having a relationship with a foreign man has anything to do with you?

Dayar: We are not opposed to Mongolian women having normal interactions with foreigners, but we are opposed to prostitutes having chaotic relationships with foreigners. The shaving of the head concerns us, but it is impossible for us to name the person who did it. We won't shave off a woman's hair just because it's the first time we find her having sex with a foreigner, but only after it happens several times in a row.

Phoenix Weekly: Your outfits are very unique. We want to take photos of you. Is that okay?

Dayal: No.

Phoenix Weekly: We don’t take pictures of you, only your badges. Is this okay?

Dayal: No. It’s available online, you can find it yourself.

Phoenix Weekly: Do you have full-time staff? Where does Dayal's funding come from?

Dayal: A small number of us do full-time work in the organization, and most of us do our own work and business. Dayal's main source of income was funding from the Mongols who supported Dayal.

Phoenix Weekly: Are there any other questions you want to express?

Dayal: We believe that the Chinese Embassy in Mongolia should do its own job and have the responsibility and obligation to introduce Mongolia’s simplest laws to people who come to work, invest, and open restaurants in Mongolia, and clearly tell them what they can What can't be done? But they did not do such a good job, which caused the Mongolians to resent the Chinese.

(The extreme examples of Chinese killings listed above are not true, and have been refuted many times by Chinese engineers and technicians stationed in Mongolia and Mongolian overseas Chinese, who believe that the rumors themselves violate common sense.)

During the Soviet-Mongolian era, except for special research articles, it was strictly forbidden to mention Genghis Khan's name, and it was not allowed to post or hang portraits of Genghis Khan... anything that could stimulate national consciousness was strictly prohibited. The official ideological statement of the Soviet Union at that time was that "nationalism is a harmful and backward petty bourgeois ideological trend."

After the arrival of sovereign independence that accompanied the democratic reform, Mongolia's national consciousness quickly awakened, and the most significant The symbol is the "resurrection" of Genghis Khan.

The National Palace in Sukhbaatar Square is the seat of Mongolia’s central power structure. The president, prime minister, and speaker of the parliament all work here. Before 2006, this large Soviet-style building would have been mistaken for the Great Hall of the People by Chinese people from a distance. It has been transformed into a national-style building with three yurt roofs during a series of events held in Mongolia to commemorate Temujin's proclaimed Khan and the establishment of the Great Mongol Empire in 1206.

In the National Ceremony Palace in the courtyard of the National Palace, there is a white jade sculpture of Genghis Khan. When the heads of state of the country meet with foreign heads of state, they sit on both sides of the sculpture. On the second floor of the National Palace is the "Nine-tailed White Banner", the totem symbol of the Mongolian Empire. Whenever there is a major celebration, the national honor guard will ceremoniously "invite it out" and then return it to the palace after the ceremony.

The old Mongolian script written in the Uighur alphabet, which was abandoned due to the Soviet Union's compulsion, has been loudly called for its restoration after democratization. The government and Congress have both decided to achieve this goal within a few years. Unfortunately, the project is arduous and unrealistic. It is not easy to give up), so I had to teach both old and new Mongolian in primary schools.

At the same time as national consciousness is fully recovering, extreme nationalism is also booming in Mongolia. Because its adherents speak perversely and often engage in violent behavior, they have attracted considerable attention in the international community.

In 2007, the murder case of historian Enkhbat caused a sensation in Mongolian society.

Enkhbat is considered the spiritual leader of Mongolian ultra-nationalism today. Mongolian media claimed that the largest and most influential ultra-nationalist organization in Mongolia, "Dayar Mongolia" ("Dayar" means all, "Dayar Mongolia" is also translated as Greater Mongolia, All Mongolia, Pan-Mongolia). Mongolia, etc.) was founded by Enkhbat.

However, after detailed investigation by this magazine, it was determined that Enkhbat was the founder of "hohmongol" (Blue Mongolia), and the relationship between "Dayar Mongolia" and "Blue Mongolia" is unknown.

The person Enkhbat shot and killed was his daughter’s boyfriend Qinbat. Not long after his daughter took Chinbat to meet her parents, Chinbat was shot dead by Enkhbat in the car. Initially, Enkhbat claimed that Chinbat died from a fire, but his daughter personally testified that Enkhbat shot him intentionally.

Afterwards, Enkhbat confessed the reason for his murder: "I think Chinbat is a Chinese spy, maybe sent by China to kill me." Chinbat studied in China and can speak fluently. Chinese. When I returned to Mongolia during the summer, it was possible that some Chinese was mixed into the conversation with Enkhbat.

According to Mongolian media reports, Enkhbat also has a son and a daughter. His son fell from the window of a hotel in China and died in 2006. Enkhbat suspected that there was another reason for his son's death. Because he had been frightened by the incident for a long time, he might have suffered from mental problems.

The Enkhbat incident caused a brief decline of ultra-nationalist organizations in recent years. However, the financial crisis and heavy snowstorm that followed caused Mongolia's inflation and unemployment to rise sharply. The living standards of many people fell below the poverty line. Ultra-nationalist organizations took advantage of this opportunity to "reinforce" themselves.

Previously, a member of "Dayar Mongolia" was accused of killing a Japanese "International Cooperation Corps" staff member; in May 2006, about 50 members of "Blue Mongolia" attempted to attack a Chinese 80 workers at the construction site were stopped by the police; this year, the Indian ambassador to Mongolia was beaten on the street because he looked like a Chinese; then two volunteers from an American charity organization were beaten by members of the "Dayar Mongolia" in a bar. They were beaten because the other party suspected that they were "molesting" Mongolian women.

After the riots in June 2008, there were many graffiti-style works on the streets of Ulaanbaatar, including many anti-China slogans, and some were written under the Friendship Bridge built with China's aid that year.

In recent years, organizations such as "Dayar Mongolia" have been committed to eliminating billboards written in foreign languages ??in Ulaanbaatar. Since Chinese and Korean people are the largest, Chinese and Korean billboards are the focus of removal. Judging from the actual situation, the results are not great. At least in Ulaanbaatar, Chinese billboards have basically disappeared. There were also jokes during this period, because most members of the extremist organization had very low literacy levels, and billboards written in old Mongolian script were mistaken for foreign characters and were demolished.

No one can say clearly how many extremist organizations there are in Mongolia. However, what is certain is that "Dayar Mongolia" is the most famous. It seems to be a parent organization, from which many small-scale organizations are derived, and there are constant integration and divisions within it.

Most of their leaders deny that they agree with the Nazi war of aggression and genocide, claiming that they only want to protect resources, maintain the purity of national blood, oppose illegal foreigners, and claim that the "swastika" character is the symbol of their organization It is an ancient symbol of the nation and has nothing to do with the Nazis. This character is commonly used among Asian and European peoples and religions and represents a divine power. However, since the Nazis chose "ss" (Schutz Staffel, the abbreviation of the SS) and transformed it into two lightning-shaped letters and merged them into a clockwise rotating "swastika" character, contemporary religions and nations generally use a counterclockwise rotating "swastika" characters, and are not tilted at 45 degrees like the Nazis.

In addition to Nazi symbols, Mongolian ultranationalist organizations also perform Nazi salutes and wear Nazi-like paramilitary attire. Coupled with their various xenophobic and racial remarks, it is difficult to separate them from Nazis.

Although the nationalist trend in Mongolia is in the ascendant and various ultra-nationalist organizations emerge in endlessly, there is no systematic nationalist theory so far. Compared with the pan-Germanic, pan-Slavic, and pan-Turkic ideological trends that have appeared successively in history, the construction of Mongolian nationalism theory is not comparable to them.