How to deal with cold waves, rain, snow and freezing weather

1. How to reduce the losses caused by the cold wave

1. Cold wave

Expert tip: Cold wave is an intense cold wave that invades from the poles or frigid zones to lower latitudes. Air activity. When a cold wave hits and the weather changes suddenly, you should learn relevant protection knowledge to resist the strong winds, snowstorms and cooling weather brought by the cold wave.

Related knowledge: ① Cold wave will cause the temperature to drop suddenly. Sometimes the temperature drops to about minus 30 degrees. ② With strong winds and heavy snow, 2 meters of snow can appear in many places. ③ It can cause trains and trams to derail. ④ Due to transportation difficulties, the supply of energy is threatened. .⑤Many wild animals will die from the severe cold.

2. In what season does the cold wave occur?

The annual changes in cold wave activity are obvious. Every year from late autumn to early spring, most places in China often experience Suffering from cold waves.

Relevant knowledge: ① In spring and autumn, cold waves can also bring blowing sand and sandstorms. ② Since cold waves can also occur in spring and autumn, some people with weak constitutions may suffer from sudden changes in temperature. ③Cold wave warning standard: China's Central Meteorological Observatory stipulates that due to the intrusion of cold air, the temperature will drop by more than 10℃ within 24 hours, and the minimum temperature will drop below 5℃, as the standard for issuing a cold wave warning.

3. What to do if you encounter a cold wave in the south

There are only a few cold waves in southern China every year, mainly from December to February of the following year.

Essentials for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① Residents must Strengthen the protection of doors and windows. Since many areas in the South do not have indoor heating equipment, you should pay attention to insulation. ② When it is warm and then cold, people in most parts of the South have already dressed in spring clothes. If a cold wave comes at this time, you must pay attention to clothing to keep warm. ③ Cold wave in the South Different from the north, it is cold but also because the climate is humid, making it extremely cold. Therefore, when the cold wave hits, avoid outdoor activities.

4. What preparations should citizens make after receiving a cold wave forecast?

When citizens receive the cold wave early warning signal, they should prepare early.

Self-rescue and mutual rescue essentials: ① Pay attention to keep warm, especially the elderly and children and other weak people should make early preparations for cold protection .② Do a good job in lightning protection. ③ Take measures to prevent wind, cold and frost. ④ Patients should prepare medicines as soon as possible.

5. How should urban residents cope with cold waves

The impact of low temperature on The threat to the human body is considerable. First, cold can directly cause illness, such as frostbite; second, it can indirectly aggravate the condition of patients with chronic diseases, and can also induce sudden illnesses.

Key points for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① Pay attention to the local area According to the weather forecast, make all kinds of preparations to prevent cold and keep warm before the cold wave comes. ② The elderly, pregnant women, parturient women, and children with weak constitution have poor tolerance to cold and are more susceptible to illness. If you find the disease, seek medical treatment in time. ③ Wear wearing clothes when going out Masks and clothing should also be mainly warm cotton clothes. ④ When the cold wave comes, it will not only bring strong wind and cooling weather, but also cause trouble for transportation. You should pay special attention to traffic safety when traveling.

6 .How to avoid frostbite and frostbite in children when the cold wave comes

Children have a playful nature, so they should pay attention to self-protection when the cold wave comes.

Essentials for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ①In the snow Do not make snowmen or have snowball fights for too long, and should not exceed 10 minutes. ② When playing downstairs, be careful of being injured by unstable objects placed upstairs, and keep a distance from the building. ③ Chasing and fighting in the snow When playing, do not run onto the road to prevent being hit by vehicles. ④ Be sure to keep warm when playing, especially your hands, face and ears to avoid frostbite. ⑤ Do not travel far in windy and snowy days to prevent getting lost. ⑥ It is especially important in windy and snowy days Stay away from all kinds of vehicles.

7. How to resist the cold wave on the way to work

Office workers neglect their health due to their busy work, so everyone should be reminded to take protection when the cold wave comes.

Key points for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① The correct approach is to dress warmly, strive to keep the room temperature of the working environment stable, and prevent catching cold when commuting to and from work. ② Stay away from windshielding doors and windows in wind and snow to avoid Hit by debris shattered by the wind. ③ When taking a bus, be careful to stop the bus in the snow before getting on, otherwise you may be injured due to wheel slippage. ④ The weather is cold, you must pay attention to nutritional balance in your diet to ensure your body's nutritional intake. ⑤ Before the cold wave comes, first arrange the food, clothing, housing and transportation for the elderly and children at home and ensure their safety.

8. How to avoid traffic accidents during the cold wave

Icy roads due to cold wave Due to snow and snow, traffic accidents occur from time to time, so you should strengthen self-protection when traveling.

Essentials for self-rescue and mutual rescue

: ① Motor vehicles driving on the road should control their speed, drive slowly, and avoid sudden braking. Ice on the road will cause wheel slippage, causing traffic accidents and traffic jams. ② Car tires can be equipped with anti-skid chains on the road. ③ Visibility when it snows heavily When the level is lowered, in order to avoid accidents, railways, highways and airports will take temporary closure measures. ④ When people are walking in the wind and snow, they should walk slowly and pay attention to look up at the car.

9. Outdoors How do workers avoid cold waves?

When encountering severe weather, many types of outdoor work should stop operations to ensure the safety of workers.

Essentials for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ①Construction companies should strengthen their Anti-slip measures for outdoor operations and high-altitude operations. On-site springboards, scaffolding, ladders, platforms and various equipment should have dedicated personnel responsible for clearing ice and snow to prevent operators from causing mechanical accidents and falling from heights due to slippery ground. ② Bad weather After that, the accumulated water and snow on the construction site should be removed in time, and normal construction can be carried out after taking effective anti-freeze and anti-slip measures. ③ Ships should go to shelters to take shelter from the wind. ④ Outdoor personnel at high altitudes, on the water, etc. should stop working and wait as much as possible. In a safe place indoors. ⑤ Pay attention to the latest news in the weather forecast in order to take further measures.

10. How to avoid other accidents when the cold wave comes

The weak should pay attention to cold protection and heart disease People with cerebrovascular diseases should prevent accidents.

Key points for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① Cold wave is the main reason for fluctuations in human blood pressure and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents. ② The temperature drops suddenly, causing the road to freeze and the car to freeze. Breakdowns and tire blowouts occur from time to time. Drivers should check the vehicle's oil, water, and circuits to avoid traffic accidents. ③ Water pipe equipment should be anti-freeze and warm to prevent accidents in the water supply system. ④ Pedestrians should pay attention to passing vehicles and the interaction between people and vehicles. The safety distance should be several times longer than usual on ice and snow days, and extra caution should be taken when crossing roads and bridges to prevent accidents. ⑤ Reinforce doors and windows, advertising plaques, light boxes, hoardings, scaffolding, etc. to avoid being blown down by strong winds and causing accidental injuries Accident.

11. What should be paid attention to when keeping warm during a cold wave

Whenever a cold wave hits, carbon monoxide poisoning incidents will continue to occur. Therefore, when a cold wave comes, residents should pay attention to precautions .If headache, vomiting, dizziness, etc. occur while heating, you should immediately open doors and windows to ventilate.

Self-rescue and mutual rescue tips: ① Maintain indoor ventilation when heating. ② Use water heaters and gas correctly. Because the temperature is low in winter and the indoor air does not flow, it is easy to cause insufficient oxygen. If the water heater or gas furnace is installed indoors, carbon monoxide poisoning may occur. ③ Because carbon monoxide is an invisible killer of heating in winter, when the weather is abnormal, Special attention should be paid when the air pressure is low, and the coal in the furnace hall should be emptied before going to bed at night to prevent soot from being poured back due to low air pressure in the middle of the night. ④ When the air pressure is low, the meteorological department and the environmental protection department should promptly remind the public to take precautions Carbon monoxide poisoning. ⑤ When the cold wave hits, you should also prevent carbon monoxide poisoning when using the car. Do not turn on the air conditioner for too long when parking. Because after parking, the carbon monoxide emitted by the engine accumulates in the car, which can easily cause poisoning. You should open the windows for ventilation.< /p>

2. Protection measures for snow disasters

1. How do urban residents cope with disasters caused by snow disasters

Snow disasters seriously affect or even damage transportation, power transmission lines, and urban water supply systems. , posing a threat to human safety and life.

Self-rescue and mutual rescue essentials: ① Prepare food, water, etc. for several days in advance at home. ② Prepare enough cold-resistant clothing and bedding. ③ Prepare supplies Candles and emergency lighting for lighting. ④ Various ready-made medicines. ⑤ Prepare cold-resistant and non-slip shoes to ensure travel safety.

2. What should residents living in bungalows do if they encounter heavy snow< /p>

: When heavy snow comes, residents living in bungalows should pay more attention to precautions.

Self-rescue and mutual rescue tips: ① After receiving the yellow warning for heavy snow, residents living in bungalows should prepare enough drinking water Water, and use cotton cloth to protect indoor and outdoor water pipes to prevent freezing. ② Handle the management and discharge of domestic garbage and sewage. ③ Reinforce the ridge of the bungalow to prevent it from being crushed by snow. ④ When there is wind and snow, it is prohibited to repair the roof against the strong wind. It is prone to danger. ⑤ When heating, carbon monoxide poisoning should be prevented. Due to the heavy snow cover, it can cause smoke to pour in, causing gas poisoning. ⑥ Prevent electric shock. Heavy snowstorms will cause trouble to normal power transmission. Residents of bungalows should be careful about wires being blown by the wind. If it is broken or broken by snow, you should be more careful when entering and leaving the door.

3. What to do if you fall into a snow pit in the forest

Don’t panic

.

Key points for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① When walking in the snow, use branches to explore the path in front. ② It is strictly forbidden to leave the ski trail when skiing, and it is strictly prohibited to ski after drinking. ③ At the moment of falling, close your mouth and hold your breath to avoid ice and snow If it pours into the throat and lungs, it can cause suffocation. ④ Companions can pull it up with branches, sticks, or ropes. ⑤ If you accidentally fall into a snow pit while traveling in the wild and no one is there to rescue you, use a waterproof sleeping bag immediately if you have one. .⑥Climb to the surface of the snow as much as possible.

4. How to avoid the cold when encountering wind and snow in the wild

Before setting off, you must wear cold-proof clothes and prepare enough warm clothes.

Self-rescue and mutual rescue essentials: ① Try to send out an SOS signal during the day; at night, dig a snow cave to spend the night. ② When digging a snow cave, it is best to have a slight curve between the entrance and the hiding place, and then block the hole with branches or cotton cloth. ③ Be careful not to Exhausting physical strength and making the whole body wet, because wet clothes not only cannot keep people warm, but also easily make people freeze.

5. How to build a cold shelter in the wild

Enter cold areas Before going out into the snow, you should bring waterproof matches, candles, sunglasses and a tarpaulin for building a shelter with you.

Self-rescue and mutual rescue tips: ①Build a shack or snow cave as quickly as possible to keep out the cold. ②Build You should consider choosing the best safe location. Never build your shack in a place where avalanches are likely to occur. ③ Choose a ridge covered by big trees. ④ Choose a flat place, light a fire to heat food and call for help. ⑤ Avoid it In the lee of the cliff, because in this kind of terrain, the wind will quickly blow up a lot of snow and bury the tent. ⑥ In places where the snow layer is thin, the snow at the erection point should be swept away first. In deep places, the snow should be compacted and flattened. If you are not moving temporarily, you should dig a hole in the snow and bury the tent to better withstand the cold wind. ⑦ Set up the tent on the open ground and set up a snow wall on the windward side. Keep out the cold and make it easy to make a fire for cooking.

6. How to call for help and self-rescue when encountering wind and snow in the wild

Mobile phones may not have signal in the wild, and computers may not have network. Carry a walkie-talkie with you at all times to seek help in time. Assistance.

Guidelines for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① Carry a walkie-talkie with you to communicate with the outside world. ② Bring a flashlight. ③ If your car is blocked by snow in the wild, you can call the traffic management department for help through your mobile phone . ④ If the camp is close to a village, you can ask for help from the villagers. ⑤ Try to approach the direction of the road and ask for help from passing vehicles. ⑥ If you are in a vast sea of ??snow, you can light branches and put wet firewood on the fire to ensure that It emits smoke; you can put some dry firewood at night. The stronger the fire, the better. Setting off three piles of flames is an internationally accepted distress signal. Arrange the fires in a triangle, preferably equidistant between the piles. ⑦ Ground-to-air signal , you can put "FILL" on the ground, which is an internationally announced emergency distress signal. Each letter is 10 meters long, 3 meters wide, and the distance between each letter is 3 meters wide. ⑧ Use sound to call for help. You can shout or use other items Making noises, such as sticks, cans, etc.

7. How to deal with frostbite in wind and snow

Frostbite refers to injuries caused by people being exposed to low temperature environments for a long time. Recovery Blood circulation in the frostbitten area is the first goal of treatment.

Self-rescue and mutual rescue tips: ① Frostbite in the human body mainly occurs in hands, feet, ears and other parts, so you should choose something with good insulation in wind and snow. Cashmere products or down products are used for insulation. ② To deal with frostbite, the patient should first be removed from the cold environment as soon as possible, and quickly take off cold and wet clothes to keep warm. Heat should be supplied from various sources. ③ Use warm water or the rescuer's body temperature to cover the frostbitten area Warm until the blood color returns, and avoid rubbing or massaging the frostbitten area. ④ Elevating the frostbitten area can reduce swelling and pain. ⑤ Mild frostbite can be relieved with frostbite cream. ⑥ For severe frostbite, avoid using wrong methods such as rubbing with snow, soaking in cold water, direct fire, etc. .The frozen parts should be immersed in warm water at 40℃-42℃ to quickly thaw and rewarm, and then be sent to medical treatment quickly.

8. What to do if the car encounters wind and snow while driving

Cars may "break down" due to wind and snow. In wind and snow, especially long-distance buses, we must try our best to ensure the safety of passengers.

Self-rescue and mutual rescue tips: ①Close the windows and keep the temperature inside the car from spreading. ② The transportation company should urgently activate the severe weather plan, pump out ordinary diesel that is not suitable for ultra-low temperatures, and replace it with anti-freeze diesel. ③ If it is difficult to start on ice and snow, you can put some weeds, sacks, branches, etc. under the wheels. If it still doesn't work, Do not start by force to prevent damage to the tires or engine.

9. How to deal with wind and snow when traveling

Heavy snow may cause the closure of many highways in snowfall areas. Passenger cars, Available on trains and airports

There will be delays of varying degrees or suspension measures will be taken.

Guidelines for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① When traveling to the north, you should avoid the freezing period, because at this time, it is ice and snowy, the mountains are blocked by heavy snow, and the roads are blocked, so it is not suitable to carry out tourism activities. .When participating in the ice and snow festival, wear more clothes to keep warm. ② When traveling in ice and snow, apply antifreeze ointment on exposed parts such as the face, ears, nose, hands, etc., and do not wear shoes and socks too tight. ③ Change shoes frequently when taking breaks on the way Wear socks and wash your feet with warm water. ④ Avoid traveling in the wild when you are hungry and tired. ⑤ When frostbite occurs, you should let it burst on its own. Do not break it intentionally. It should be disinfected after breaking. ⑥ When traveling in wind and snow, you should know the direction clearly. To avoid getting lost. ⑦ It is easy to lose control while driving in wind and snow, so drivers should pay special attention.

10. How to keep warm in wind and snow

Staying in a cold environment for too long in winter can cause Heart disease, influenza, bronchitis, etc., so please keep warm.

Self-rescue and mutual rescue tips: ① If you are camping in wind and snow, your clothes should be placed in a sleeping bag, and you must wear a woolen hat and woolen socks. Fill the sleeping bag with some soft clothes, and fill the gaps in the sleeping bag when sleeping, so that it is easier to keep warm. It is best to drink a hot drink before going to bed. The tent should be a dedicated cold-proof tent. ② Use clothing to keep out the cold, and the outermost layer Clothes should be windproof; a relatively stagnant air layer is formed in the down jacket, which has good warmth retention; underwear should be soft, hygroscopic, breathable, and conducive to heat preservation and drying. ③ It is best not to expose the skin on windy and snowy days to avoid frostbite , wear cotton gloves and earmuffs. ④ It is forbidden to wear soft-soled, low-top shoes or multi-layered sweaters and jackets, because these are not warm, waterproof or windproof.

11. How to prevent wind and snow Dehydration

Severe dehydration in wind and snow will greatly increase the possibility of frostbite and death.

Self-rescue and mutual rescue essentials: ① Maintain energy in the snow to prevent excessive loss and Dehydration. ② When entering snow mountain plateau areas, many climbers consciously dehydrate themselves in order to reduce intracranial high pressure and prevent cerebral edema. This method should not be advocated. The correct method is: carry a water bottle with you and drink less, but not Do not drink, otherwise it will be life-threatening. ③When replenishing water, do not drink too much at one time, but drink water in small sips every 5 minutes.

12. How to avoid snow blindness in snow wind

The main cause of snow blindness is that the eyes are completely exposed to the snow, which is stimulated by the reflection of the snow.

Self-rescue and mutual rescue essentials: ① In high-altitude environments, in order to prevent the occurrence of snow blindness, you must wear Goggles to block ultraviolet rays. These goggles must be able to filter more than 90% of ultraviolet rays, thereby reducing the stimulation of light reflected from the snow. ② When traveling, you can wear a pair of yellow-green or brown goggles, which can block ultraviolet rays. You can also enjoy the beautiful snow scenery. ③ If you don’t wear goggles in the snow, you can use cardboard or wood chips to make simple goggles.

13. What to do if your body is buried in snow

If you are buried in snow, you must quickly bring your body to a standing position.

Self-rescue and mutual rescue essentials: ① If you unfortunately fall into a snow pit or are buried in heavy snow, try to keep your body in a standing position with your head above your head. Push forward to break out of the new snow layer with your hands and your whole body. Make sure you can breathe smoothly. ② If there are companions, you can use the cane or tree stick in your hand to make them discover it in time. ③ If you cannot climb out of the snowdrift, Reduce activities, slow down breathing, and save physical energy.

14. How to walk on ice and snow

When encountering icy roads, you should walk slowly; if you accidentally fall, try to use your hands and both hands Support the ground with your elbows to reduce the impact of your body hitting the ice.

Self-rescue and mutual rescue tips: ① When walking on the snow, do not lift heavy objects. ② Do not put your hands in your pockets. Swing your hands back and forth. It can play a balancing role. ③ Shoes with anti-slip properties or rough soles should be worn. ④ Goggles should be worn when walking in the snow to protect your eyes.