What is the processing technology of NC machining template pin hole?

The operating personnel of the vertical machining center must be familiar with the operation manual of the machining center and the performance of the machine tool, undergo the theoretical and practical training of the vertical machining center, and obtain the post certificate after examination before they can have the qualification to operate the vertical machining center. 1. Preparation before departure: 1. After starting the machine or pressing the emergency stop button to reset the machine, the machine should first return to the reference zero position (zero) so that the machine can have a reference position in future operations. 2. Clamping the workpiece: 3. Before clamping the workpiece, clean all surfaces without oil, iron filings and dust, and use a file (or oilstone) to remove burrs on the surface of the workpiece. 4. The high-speed rail for clamping must be smoothed by a grinder to make it smooth and flat. The yard iron and nut must be firm and can reliably clamp the workpiece, and some small workpieces that are difficult to clamp can be directly clamped in the vice. 5. The workbench of the machine tool should be clean, free of iron filings, dust and oil stains. 6. Gaskets are usually placed at the four corners of the workpiece. For the workpiece with too large span, a spacer with equal height should be placed in the middle. 7. According to the drawing size, use a ruler to check whether the length, width and height of the workpiece are qualified. 8. When clamping the workpiece, according to the clamping arrangement of the programming work instruction, it is necessary to consider the parts to be avoided and the possibility that the cutter head may touch the fixture during machining. 9. After the workpiece is placed on the pad iron, draw the datum plane of the workpiece according to the drawing requirements. The error in the length direction of the workpiece is less than 0.02 mm, and the horizontal error in the X and Y directions of the top surface is less than 0.05 mm. For the workpiece that has been ground on six sides, it is necessary to check whether its verticality is qualified. 10. After the table drawing of the workpiece is completed, the nut must be tightened to prevent the workpiece from shifting due to unstable clamping during processing. 1 1. Pull the instrument again to ensure that the error does not exceed the tolerance range after clamping. 12. Workpiece collision number: the clamped workpiece can be hit by the collision head to determine the machining reference zero position. The bump head can be photoelectric or mechanical, and the bump selection method can be divided into the number of middle bumps and the number of single bumps. The steps of middle collision are as follows: 13. Collision method: photoelectric static electricity, mechanical speed 450 ~ 600 rpm. 14. Manually move the X axis of the workbench so that the contact contacts one side of the workpiece. When the touch head just touches the workpiece and the red light is on, the relative coordinate value of the point is set to zero; Then manually move the X axis of the workbench to make the contact contact the other side of the workpiece, and record the relative coordinates when the contact just contacts the workpiece. 15. Subtract the contact diameter (i.e. the length of the workpiece) according to its relative value, and check whether the length of the workpiece meets the requirements of the drawing. 16. Divide this relative coordinate number by 2, and the value obtained is the middle value of the X axis of the workpiece. Then move the workbench to the middle value of the X axis, and set the relative coordinate value of the X axis at this point to zero, which is the zero position of the workpiece on the X axis. 17. Carefully record the mechanical coordinate values of the zero position on the X axis of the workpiece in one of G54~G59, and let the machine tool determine the zero position on the X axis of the workpiece. Check the correctness of the data carefully again. 18. The zeroing steps of the Y axis of the workpiece are the same as those of the X axis. 19. Prepare all cutting tools according to the programming work instructions. 20. According to the tool data of the programming work instruction, change the tool to be processed, and let the tool contact the height measurer placed on the datum plane. When the red light of the measurer is on, set the relative coordinate value of this point to zero. 2 1. Move the tool to a safe place, manually move the tool down by 50mm, and then set the relative coordinate value of this point to zero, which is the zero position of the Z axis. 22. Record the mechanical coordinate z value of this point in one of G54~G59. In this way, the zero adjustment of the x, y and z axes of the workpiece is completed. Check the correctness of the data carefully again. 23. According to the above method, the unilateral collision also contacts one side of the X axis and the Y axis of the workpiece. Offset the relative coordinate values of the X axis and Y axis of the point from the radius of the collision head, which is the zero position of the X axis and Y axis, and finally mark a mechanical coordinate of the X axis and Y axis in one of G54~G59. Check the correctness of the data carefully again. 24. Check the correctness of the zero point, move the X axis and Y axis to the side suspension of the workpiece, and visually check the correctness of the zero point according to the size of the workpiece. 25. According to the file path of the programming work instruction, copy the program file to the computer. 26. Processing parameter setting: 27. Spindle speed setting during machining: N= 1000×V/(3. 14×D) Note: N- spindle speed (rpm/Min)V- cutting speed (m/Min)D- tool diameter (mm) feed speed setting during machining: f = n. Start machining: 1. At the beginning of each program, it is necessary to carefully check whether the tools used are the tools specified in the programming instructions. At the beginning of machining, the feed speed should be adjusted to the minimum, and it should be carried out in a single stage. Concentrate on quick positioning, cutting and feeding. If there is any problem, you should put your hand on the stop button and stop immediately. Pay attention to the direction of tool movement to ensure safe feed, and then slowly increase the feed speed to a suitable level. At the same time, cooling liquid or cold air should be added to the tool and workpiece. 2. Don't be too far away from the control panel during rough machining. If there is any abnormality, stop the machine in time for inspection. 3. Pull the workbench again after rough machining to ensure that the workpiece is not loose. If there is any side, it must be recalibrated and bumped. 4. Continuously optimize the processing parameters in the process of processing to achieve the best processing effect. 5. Because this process is a key process, after the workpiece is processed, it should be measured whether its main dimension values meet the requirements of the drawings. If there is any problem, you should immediately notify the shift supervisor or programmer to check and solve it. Only after passing the self-inspection can it be dismantled, and it must be sent to the inspector for special inspection. 6. After the workpiece is unloaded, clean the workbench of the machine tool in time. 7. Processing type: 8. Hole processing: 9. Drilling: Before drilling holes in the machining center, it is necessary to use a center drill for positioning, then drill holes with a drill bit 0.5~2mm smaller than the drawing size, and finally finish machining with a suitable drill bit. 10. Reaming: When reaming the workpiece, it is also necessary to position it with a center drill first, then drill with a drill bit 0.5~0.3mm smaller than the drawing size, and finally reaming with a reamer. When reaming, pay attention to control the spindle speed at 70~ 180rpm/min. 1 1. Boring: to bore the workpiece, first use a center drill to locate it, then use a drill bit smaller than the drawing size of 1~2mm, then use a rough boring cutter (or milling cutter) to process it until only one side has a machining allowance of about 0.3mm, and finally use a fine boring cutter with a pre-adjusted size for fine boring. The final finish boring allowance should not be less than 0.65438. 12. Direct numerical control (DNC) operation: 13. Before DNC NC machining, it is necessary to clamp the workpiece, set the zero position and set the parameters. 14. Open the processing program to be transmitted in the computer for inspection, then let the computer enter DNC state and enter the correct processing program file name. 15. Press the tape key and program start key on the processing machine tool, and a flashing LSK appears on the machine tool controller. 16. press enter on the computer to process DNC data transmission. Three. Content and scope of workers' self-inspection: 1. Before processing, the processor must clearly read the contents of the process card, clearly know the parts, shapes and sizes of the workpiece to be processed, and know the processing contents of the next process. 2. Before the workpiece is clamped, measure whether the blank size meets the requirements of the drawing, and carefully check whether the workpiece is placed according to the programming work instruction when clamping. 3. After the rough machining is completed, self-inspection shall be conducted in time, so as to adjust the data with errors in time. The content of self-inspection is mainly the position and size of the machining part. Such as: (1). Whether the workpiece is loose; (2) Whether the workpiece is correctly divided; (3) Whether the dimension from the machined part to the reference edge (reference point) meets the requirements of the drawings; (4). The position and size of the machined parts. After checking the position size, measure the rough ruler (except arc). 4. Finish machining can only be carried out after rough machining and self-inspection. After finishing, workers should check the shape and size of the machined parts: check the basic length, width and size of the machined parts on the vertical plane; Measure the base point size of the bevel machined part marked on the drawing. 5. Workers can take out the workpiece after completing the self-inspection of the workpiece and confirming that it meets the requirements of drawings and process, and send it to the inspector for special inspection. Four. List of error causes, special precautions and corrective measures: error causes pay special attention to corrective measures. 1 There is no preparation for checking the length, width and height of the workpiece before going to the machine tool. Carefully check whether the length, width and height of the workpiece are consistent with the drawings, and check its correctness by ruler, touch number and other methods. 2 The placement direction of the workpiece meets the requirements of the programming work instruction. Determine the placement direction of the workpiece according to the workpiece and drawings, carefully check the orientation of the workpiece, and then operate according to the instruction. 3. Offset concave-convex number method, check after concave-convex number, and check input data. After bump numbering, move the spindle to the edge of the workpiece according to the length and width of the workpiece to check the correctness of bump numbering; Check the correctness after entering the data. 4. Carefully check whether the installed tools are consistent with the instructions for using the wrong tools. When executing the first sentence of the program, it must be confirmed that the tool used in the rough machining of tool 5 is too cutting, and the tool should not be too far away from the control panel when it is scrapped. Stop the machine in time to check whether there is any abnormality. 6. When the workpiece moves after rough machining, it must be ensured that the workbench is pulled again after rough machining. When the size of the workpiece is less than the quantity, check the tools used. Inform the programming inspection procedures in important locations to ensure the use of new tools for processing; Modify or add program 8. Before processing, be sure to carefully check the file names corresponding to the tools used in the program, and carefully check the correctness of the input file names.