Comprehensive information on knitting

The process of using knitting needles to form yarns of various raw materials and varieties into coils, and then connecting them into knitted fabrics through stringing. The knitted fabric has a soft texture, good wrinkle resistance and breathability, and has greater extensibility and elasticity, making it comfortable to wear. In addition to being used for clothing and decoration, knitted products can also be used in fields such as industry, agriculture, medical care, and national defense. Knitting is divided into two categories: hand knitting and machine knitting. Hand knitting uses stick needles. It has a long history, exquisite skills, and flexible flower shapes. It has been widely spread and developed among the people. Basic introduction Chinese name: Knitting Overview: Use knitting needles to turn raw materials and types of yarn into coils. Production base: National process characteristics: Knitting production is divided into two categories: weft knitting and warp knitting. The loop forming process: through longitudinal stringing and transverse connection Wash and maintain knitted fabrics: Never wring them out to avoid wrinkling. Production base, process characteristics, loop forming process, historical development, knitting method, warp knitting, weft knitting, washing and maintenance, production, information, industrial clusters, base, knitting Production bases, development trends, production bases in Puyuan, Tongxiang, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Dalang, Guangdong, Qinghe, Hebei, Jimo, Qingdao and other places. Process characteristics According to different process characteristics, knitting production is divided into two categories: weft knitting and warp knitting. In weft knitting production, after the raw materials are wound, the package yarn can be directly put on the machine for production. Each yarn is placed sequentially on each knitting needle of the weft knitting machine along the weft direction to form a weft knitted fabric. In warp knitting production, the raw materials are wound and warped, and the yarns are arranged in parallel and wound into warp beams, and then put on the machine for production. The yarn is unwound from the warp beam, and each yarn is placed longitudinally on one or at most two knitting needles of the warp knitting machine to form a warp knitted fabric. There are also methods of combining weft knitting and warp knitting on some knitting machines. At this time, two sets of yarns are configured on the knitting machine, one group is padded with warp knitting method, and the other group is padded with yarns based on weft knitting method. The knitting needles combine the two sets of yarns to form loops to form a knitted fabric. Loops formed from the same yarn are arranged along the weft direction in weft knitted fabrics and along the warp direction in warp knitted fabrics. Knitted Dress In 2010, China's macroeconomic economy continued to rebound and improve. As the domestic employment situation gradually stabilized, market confidence improved, and residents' living standards continued to improve, the market demand for consumer clothing products will maintain steady growth. At the same time, the national plan to expand domestic demand continues to advance. In order to further improve people's livelihood, the state's investment in agriculture, rural areas and rural areas, the construction of affordable housing, and the promotion of automobile consumption will also continue to increase. This provides more opportunities for home textiles and industrial textiles. Vast market space. The knitting industry is an important part of the textile industry. In 2008, China's knitted clothing accounted for more than 50% of all clothing, which is getting closer to the 65% ratio in developed countries. From January to December 2010, the knitting industry produced a total of 16.417 billion pieces of knitted garments, a year-on-year increase of 18.38%, and the growth rate changed by 9.99 percentage points compared with the full-year level in 2009 (8.39%). From 2005 to 2010, the industry market sales revenue continued to increase, from 200.892 billion yuan in 2005 to 409.737 billion yuan in 2010. The year-on-year growth rate ranged from 8% to 52%, with the highest being 51.14% and the lowest being 8.63%. The increase was relatively large, with a year-on-year growth of 23.34% in 2010. With the increase in the income of urban and rural residents, consumers have higher requirements for clothing and clothing taste. In the context of the country's expansion of domestic demand to encourage consumption, the accelerated urbanization of the population and technology-driven development will bring opportunities to the development of the knitting industry, making domestic sales more important to the knitting industry. The driving role of industry growth will become increasingly important. In addition, the further development of the ASEAN market and the cultivation of new international markets will promote the development of the knitting industry in 2011. Since the knitting industry relies heavily on labor, China's low wage costs have a clear advantage. Coupled with China's huge market share and mature technical support, most of the global knitting industry will develop in China in the future. With overseas With the continuous introduction of advanced technology, the knitting industry is accelerating industrial upgrading and forming a regional knitting base. Overall, the development prospects of the knitting industry are good. Knitting process: Yarns form loops, which become knitted fabrics after being strung longitudinally and connected horizontally. So loop making is the basic process of knitting.

The loop forming process can be broken down into the following stages in sequence: unstitching - moving the newly formed loop (called the old loop) from the needle hook to the needle bar; yarn laying - feeding the yarn to the knitting needle; bending the yarn ——Bend the yarn into the shape of the loop; take the yarn—move the yarn on the new pad or the newly bent coil into the needle hook; close the needle—close the needle mouth; loop—put the old coil over onto the needle hook with the needle mouth closed; knitting - the new yarn or new coil and the old coil meet inside and outside the needle hook; unhooking - the old coil is taken off the needle hook and put on the new coil; loop forming - Make the yarn form a new loop of a closed and specified size; pull - pull the new loop away from the loop forming area. This new coil becomes the old coil in the next coiling cycle. There are two types of loop forming processes: knitting and braiding. In the loop-forming process of knitting, each loop-forming stage is carried out in the above order. In the loop-forming process of the braiding method, yarn bending begins with unlooping and proceeds simultaneously with the loop-forming stage. On some knitting machines, each knitting needle completes the loop-forming process in sequence; in some knitting machines, the loop-forming process is performed simultaneously on all knitting needles in a row. Historical development In 1589, the British priest William Lee invented the first hand knitting machine. With the invention of the electric motor in the 1870s, hand knitting machines were replaced by high-speed electric knitting machines. Knitting method Warp knitting uses multiple yarns to form loops sequentially along the longitudinal direction (warp direction) of the cloth surface at the same time. Warp knitted fabrics cannot be knitted by hand. Warp knitted fabrics are divided into two categories: one is Raschel fabric, which is mainly characterized by large flower shape, rough cloth surface and many holes, and is mainly used as decorative fabric; the other is tricot fabric, which has fine cloth surface and few colors, but has high output and is mainly used as decorative fabric. To make covering fabrics and printed fabrics, this type of fabric is mostly used for chemical fiber filaments, otherwise the production efficiency is very low. Weft knitting uses one or more yarns to form loops in sequence along the transverse direction (weft) of the cloth surface. Weft knitting knitwear can be used at least One yarn can be formed, but in order to improve production efficiency, multiple yarns are generally used for weaving; warp knitted fabrics cannot be formed with one yarn, and one yarn can only form one coil. Lian-like objects. All weft knitted fabrics can be separated into threads in the opposite direction of knitting, but warp knitted fabrics cannot. Washing and Maintenance Washing 1. Various detergents can be used, and it can be hand washed and machine washed, but chlorine bleaching is not suitable. 2. White clothes can be washed at high temperature with a strong alkaline detergent to have a bleaching effect. 3. The fabric should not be soaked for too long to avoid fading of the fabric. 4. It is advisable to dry in the shade and avoid exposure to the sun to prevent dark-colored clothes from fading. When drying in the sun, turn the inside out. 5. Be sure to wash them separately from other clothes, and do not wash them together. 6. Never wring it out to avoid wrinkling. Maintenance 1. Do not soak underwear in hot water to avoid yellow sweat spots. 2. Pay attention to ventilation and avoid moisture in the fabric to avoid mold and spots on the fabric. 3. Wash and dry, place dark and light colors separately. It is best not to put them together. Put camphor balls to avoid insects. 4. Avoid long-term exposure to avoid reducing the fastness and causing fading and yellowing, especially when exposed to the sun. Production In addition to being woven into various gray fabrics and cut and sewn into various knitted products, it can also be directly knitted into formed products on the machine to make fully formed or partially formed products. The use of forming technology can save raw materials, simplify or eliminate cutting and sewing processes, and improve the wearing performance of the product. Knitting production has developed rapidly due to its short technological process, strong adaptability of raw materials, quick change of varieties, wide product range, low noise and low energy consumption. Since the 1970s, the productivity of knitting machines has been greatly improved. For example, circular weft knitting machines (latch needles) can knit about 3,000 coil courses per minute. Most warp knitting machines have a knitting width of 427 cm, with a maximum knitting width of 427 cm per minute. Knitting 2,000 rows of stitches, the single-cylinder sock machine can reach a speed of up to 1,000 revolutions per minute. The use of electronic technology to control the work of the knitting machine further improves machine efficiency. Installing various positive yarn feeding devices on the machine can improve product quality. Attaching some mechanisms to the machine can knit knitted fabrics with various organizational structures and different uses: such as using a needle selection mechanism to make the knitting needles work according to a pre-arranged program to knit jacquard knitted fabrics; using a carding mechanism to feed loose fibers into the knitting fabric. The needle is used to knit plush knitted fabrics; the warp and weft inserting device is used to knit warp and weft inserted knitted fabrics. There are many types of knitting machines, with more than 350 types. With the development of new varieties of chemical fibers and finishing processes, the properties of knitted fabrics such as stiffness, no ironing, and wear resistance have been improved.

The application of finishing techniques such as brushing, sanding, shearing, ginning and pleating has expanded the variety of knitwear. Knitting technology has been extended to other aspects of textile production, such as applying the knitting loop method to the loom for segmented weft insertion, and connecting each section of weft yarn with loops and stringing knitted products to replace the traditional shuttle picking movement. , which increases the weaving speed. This is a weaving and knitting machine that combines weaving and knitting. Information Strategies for China's Knitting Industry to Enter the International Market In the international market, China's mid- and low-end knitwear products rely on their competitive advantages of high quality and low price. The export volume continues to grow, with an average annual growth rate of more than 20%, and has formed a market with Hong Kong, China and Japan. , the European Union and the United States represent several major export regions. However, in terms of import and export, the knitting industry also faces problems such as international trade frictions and the pressure of RMB appreciation encountered by the textile industry. At the same time, in the international market, Chinese knitwear products mainly enter the international market through sample processing, OEM, etc. , the quality of exported products is low, making it difficult for Chinese knitted products to obtain high added value. If China's knitting industry wants to further accelerate the pace of development in the international market, it must follow a diversified development path, increase investment in scientific research, accelerate industrial upgrading, increase product structure adjustments, and focus on brand, quality, characteristics, etc. . Industrial Cluster Base Gurao, Shantou Gurao Town, Shantou City, Guangdong Province was named "China's Famous Knitted Underwear Town" by the China Textile Industry Association and the China Knitting Industry Association in 2004 and 2005. In 2006, the town's knitted underwear industry had an output value of 3.85 billion yuan. In the first half of 2007, the town completed an industrial output value of 2.458 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 17%, making it a veritable town specialized in the production of knitted underwear. There are more than 1,000 various market entities engaged in the production and operation of knitted underwear in the town, including 396 enterprises (60 enterprises above designated size, 2 enterprises with an annual output value exceeding 100 million yuan), and more than 600 family workshops. The knitted underwear enterprise in Gurao Town mainly produces 10 series of bras, underwear, breasts, swimsuits, embroidery, knitted fabrics, and warp knitted products. In 2006, the town produced 60 million dozen bras, 142 million pieces of underwear, 19 million pieces of underwear, and 204 million meters of various types of knitted fabrics, warp knitted fabrics, lace and embroidery. Ningbo Xiangshan, Ningbo Xiangshan, Zhejiang, is known as the "Famous Knitting City in China" and is the largest international knitted garment production base in China. 10% of "Made in China" knitwear is produced in Xiangshan. There are more than 1,000 knitted garment manufacturing companies with an output value of hundreds of millions. billion, 10 companies have entered the top 50 knitting companies in the country, and more than 30 internationally renowned brands have been designated for processing in Xiangshan. Shaoxing Lizhu The knitting industry in Lizhu Town, Shaoxing County, Zhejiang Province originated in the early 1990s. With the first-mover advantage, the number of circular knitting machines quickly grew from five or six to 646, employing more than 3,900 people. , there are 24 large-scale enterprises with sales revenue exceeding 5 million yuan, with an output value of 2 billion yuan in 2006, and four professional villages have been formed, including Zhongyi, Dongqiao, Dabu, and Lizhu. This industrial cluster mainly produces knitted fabrics, as well as various knitted products such as knitted clothing, cultural shirts, and T-shirts. The town has more than 2,500 sets of various types of knitting equipment, including 1,800 sets of various types of circular knitting machines, 200 sets of computerized embroidery machines, and more than 80 sets of other printing machines and setting machines. The knitting industrial park that is still under construction has expanded from 280,000 square meters in 2002 to 1.15 million square meters. Yiwu, Zhejiang Yiwu, a famous knitting city in China, has the second largest production scale in the world. Yiwu has 8 categories of knitwear production and processing capabilities, with more than 1,500 sock-making companies, 350 underwear companies, more than 230 zipper companies, more than 10 lace companies, and more than 400 ribbon companies. Its production scale ranks first in the country. Its socks industry and zipper industry have become the advantages of Yiwu's knitting industry respectively. Dongyang is the gathering place for domestic knitted clothing and underwear production. The knitted underwear and underwear industry is Dongyang’s traditional advantage industry. There are currently more than 1,300 companies and more than 40,000 employees. Changshu Xinzhuang After more than 20 years of development, the knitted garment industry in Xinzhuang Town, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province has maintained stable development amid adjustments and has become an important knitted garment production base, product distribution center and sweater export town in the country. There are 355 knitted garment manufacturing enterprises in the town, including 62 large-scale enterprises, 62 and 28 with annual sales output values ??exceeding 5 million yuan and 20 million yuan respectively, and 2 with annual sales exceeding 100 million yuan. There are 316 households, and together with the number of supporting enterprises, *** accounts for nearly half of the total number of enterprises in the town.

Zhutang, Jiangyin, "China's Famous Knitted Garment Town" The knitted garment industry in Zhutang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province started in the 1980s. From relying on foreign trade companies to issue orders for production, to self-operated import and export, to the implementation of the park strategy, a textile industry was formed. A relatively complete knitted garment industry chain from yarn, weaving, printing and dyeing to ready-made garments. The town has more than 500 knitted garment enterprises, of which 10 have annual sales revenue exceeding 50 million yuan. The town's knitted garment enterprises have earned more than 400 million US dollars in foreign exchange from exports, with an annual output of more than 100 million pieces of various types of knitted garments, and their products are far away. Sold in more than 60 countries and regions including Europe, America, and Japan. Anyang, Henan On December 29, 2007, Anyang was awarded the title of "Famous Knitted Garment City in China". After decades of development, the textile and garment industry in Anyang City has become a relatively complete textile industry system with wool spinning, yarn-dyed weaving, printing and dyeing, knitted underwear, decorative fabrics, clothing, chemical fibers and other categories. The city has more than 3,000 knitted garment enterprises, including more than 300 enterprises above designated size. The main products include T-shirts, underwear, knitted children's clothing, women's clothing and other thousands of varieties. In 2006, the city's total output of knitted garments was 350 million pieces (sets), achieving a total industrial output value of 5.3 billion yuan, sales revenue of 5.2 billion yuan, and export earnings of 86 million US dollars. Among them, Anyang Baizhuang's knitted sweaters and trousers became famous throughout the country in the 1980s, and the "Shield" brand elastic trousers produced by Anyang Underwear Factory won the National Quality Gold Medal. It is reported that Anyang City has built six large-scale knitted garment parks. Qingshan, Nanchang With the gradient transfer of industries, knitted garments have increasingly become the uplift of the industrial economy in Qingshan Lake District. It is reported that there are more than 90 knitted garment enterprises above designated size in Qingshan Lake District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, accounting for half of Nanchang City and nearly 20% of the province. They employ 18,482 people, completed sales revenue of 4.364 billion yuan, and realized profits and taxes of 303 million yuan, accounting for 93.4% of Nanchang City. It produced 216.41 million pieces of clothing and 13,542 tons of yarn. In 2006, Qingshan Lake District was awarded the title of "Jiangxi Province Knitted Garment Base". Qingshan Lake District has formed an industrial cluster with industrial parks such as Changdong Industrial Zone, Private Science and Technology Park and Hufang Industrial Park as carriers, relying on small and medium-sized enterprises, and featuring textile products and professional clothing production. According to reports, there are more than 100 knitting companies in Wuhan, and more than 300 clothing companies and supporting companies involved in the knitting industry. Among them, Aidi, Maoren, and Yiling account for half, with an output value of about 30 About 100 million yuan. Wuhan also has two "Chinese famous brands", Aidi and Catman, and there is also a textile and clothing industry group around Wuhan. The total output value of the textile and garment industry in Wuhan urban area exceeds 30 billion yuan, accounting for more than 15% of the textile and garment industry in central China. By integrating resources, Wuhan's knitting industry is expected to achieve great development. It is reported that more than 40 companies want to jointly build a tens-billion knitting industry base in Wuhan, or form an enterprise group to be listed as a whole. Zhejiang Tongxiang Puyuan Zhejiang Tongxiang Puyuan is the birthplace of "Pu Silk" and one of the famous "Five Famous Towns" in Jiangnan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. "One of the countries with a long history, rich cultural heritage and a long tradition of weaving in the textile industry. After nearly 30 years of development, Puyuan has formed a complete market system, which can be said to be fully functional from wool yarn raw materials, knitting machinery, technology development, logistics testing, foreign trade services to human resources and supporting facilities. There are more than 5,000 sweater companies gathered in Puyuan, forming a complete sweater industry chain. According to incomplete statistics, in 2007 Puyuan's finished wool sweater sales alone reached more than 200,000 tons, with a turnover exceeding 20 billion yuan. Puyuan firmly occupies the position of China's largest woolen sweater distribution center and China's woolen sweater information center. Puyuan Woolen Sweater Market is a professional sweater market with the largest number of stalls and the largest shipment volume in China. While doing a good job in product sales, Puyuan Woolen Sweater Market strives to create "sweater culture", "the largest woolen sweater distribution center in the country", "China's famous woolen sweater town", "China's famous market town", " Honorary titles such as "China's No. 1 Sweater Market", "China's Large Brand Market", and "National Top 100 Industrial Clusters" have added more added value to the brand. Knitting production bases Puyuan in Tongxiang, Zhejiang, Hangzhou in Zhejiang, Dalang in Guangdong, Qinghe in Hebei, Jimo in Qingdao, and Anyang in Henan have now become the largest knitting production bases in northern Henan. Development Trend: In 2000, the knitting industry began to fully recover, rewriting the previous nine consecutive years of declining industry performance. Production, sales, and profits have maintained synchronized growth.

Data show that during the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, the annual growth rate of the knitting industry reached 22%, ranking first in the textile industry; the total export value of knitted clothing accounted for 50% of the total clothing export value; the total output value of the knitting industry has exceeded 10% of the total output value of the textile industry. , the knitting industry has become the fastest growing industry in the textile industry during the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period. At the same time, in terms of exports of knitted products, the quantity-based export model of the knitting industry is also quietly changing. It can be seen from customs statistics that my country's knitted garment exports have undergone new changes in 2006. The cumulative export earnings of knitted garments and ancillary files reached 44.901 billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase of 45.44%; the cumulative export volume of knitted garments reached 18.151 billion pieces, a year-on-year increase 24.85%. What is even more concerning is that the growth rate of knitted garment exports has been 20.59 percentage points higher than the quantity increase. The average export unit price reached 2.18 US dollars, an increase of 19.8% from the previous year's 1.82 US dollars. In 2006, it became the average price of knitted garments in the past 10 years. The year with the highest increase in export unit price. In 2007, the knitted garment industry reported another good news: the cumulative output was 10.722 billion pieces, a year-on-year increase of 15.68%, and the growth rate increased by 4.5 percentage points compared with the same period last year. Among them, the development of the knitted underwear industry best reflects the development characteristics of the knitting industry. In the 2006 China retail market research report, underwear ranked among the top three in the apparel industry with a growth rate of 16.7%, whether it is ordinary underwear, body-shaping underwear, thermal underwear, home clothes, or bras, ***...knitted underwear It is becoming a hot spot for consumption in China's clothing market. From the perspective of major provinces and cities, according to the latest statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics, Guangdong Province, Zhejiang Province, and Shandong Province were the three major production areas of knitted garments in my country in 2007, accounting for 27.77%, 19.98%, and 19.62% of the country's total output respectively. %, ranking fourth is Jiangsu Province, accounting for 11.32%, followed by Fujian, Jiangxi, Shanghai, Henan and other provinces and cities, accounting for 1% to 7%. In terms of growth rate, output in Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi and other provinces grew rapidly in 2007, with year-on-year increases of 22.80%, 40.13%, and 33.01% respectively, while Shanghai's output fell slightly by 1.61% year-on-year. Knitted elastic fiber The new trend in the knitting industry is the new synthetic fiber "Benrs". Betteron combines the characteristics of polyester, nylon and nylon. It has the softness, resilience and stain resistance of nylon, the fluffiness of nylon and the wrinkle resistance and corrosion resistance of polyester, as well as resistance to pilling. , outstanding performance, can be dyed into dark colors with disperse dyes at normal pressure, and will become a strong competitor of polyester and nylon. In the field of knitting, someone once described Bertram as "the elastic fiber of the future." The reason why Betlon is so eye-catching lies in its various excellent properties. Betteron combines the advantages of polyester, acrylic and nylon. It has the softness, resilience and stain resistance of nylon, the fluffiness of acrylic and the wrinkle resistance and corrosion resistance of polyester. It also has outstanding anti-pilling properties. Can be dyed with disperse dyes under normal pressure. As an ideal multi-purpose polymer, Betlon fiber combines the excellent wearing properties of various fibers and will become one of the most popular fiber varieties. Betelon not only maintains the excellent properties of synthetic fibers, but its strength also meets the spinning requirements. Blended with cotton, it can impart softness to the fabric and improve dimensional stability; blended with viscose, it can improve the wrinkle resistance of the fabric. According to analysis, the soft feel, beautiful drape, bright appearance and appropriate elasticity determine that this product can be widely used in the field of knitwear including thermal underwear and sweaters. Many excellent properties allow it to be used in the production of various types of clothing: casual wear, sportswear, underwear and formal wear, especially in the rapidly growing elastic market.