Discussion on safety development is not only to ensure that no accidents occur, but also to develop.

Li Jiaxiang: Carefully plan safety development as a system engineering.

Www.caac.gov.cn time of China civil aviation: 2009-0 1-05.

-The concept of establishing sustainable safety in civil aviation.

Lijiaxiang

Through studying and practicing the activities in Scientific Outlook on Development, we have more deeply realized that it is a systematic project to establish the concept of sustainable safety and realize the safe development of civil aviation. Only by unified understanding, firm confidence, clear thinking, seeking truth and being pragmatic can Scientific Outlook on Development be truly implemented in civil aviation work.

Accurately grasp the scientific connotation of the concept of sustainable security

In the process of brewing and putting forward the concept of sustainable security, some comrades once had concerns and worries: civil aviation is a special industry with high risk and high social concern. The word security is hard to say, let alone the word sustainable security. If something happens, isn't it self-criticism? If you talk too much about safety and continue to talk too much about safety, will you force yourself to have no choice? In fact, this is all because of the limitations of learning and thinking. For safe development and sustainable safety, all people in the industry have a problem of in-depth study and deep thinking, as well as a problem of emancipating the mind and innovative thinking.

When we talk about safe development and the concept of sustainable safety, we must first have a scientific and accurate understanding of the word "safety". What is safety? Generally speaking, safety means no accident, but ICAO has a scientific definition that "safety is a state, that is, the risk of personal injury or property loss is reduced and maintained at an acceptable level or below through continuous risk identification and risk management process." Obviously, there is a gap between this definition and the general understanding of the public. This definition reveals: First, security is relative, not absolute. Aviation safety is a complex system, and the risk of aircraft operation is indeed higher than other means of transportation in a sense. An airplane involves dozens of systems such as power plant system, flight control system, communication system, instrument system, navigation system and alarm system. A new Boeing 737 aircraft consists of 367,000 parts, and large aircraft even has millions of parts. In the process of flying, it is difficult to make these systems and components absolutely without any problems, realistically speaking, at this stage. Secondly, safety is controllable, and accidents can be prevented through people's subjective efforts, mastering laws, strengthening management, enhancing risk prevention and control capabilities, and earnestly absorbing accident lessons and signs. Third, in the evaluation of accidents and people's subjective efforts, we should seek truth from facts, objectively identify and deal with them. The absence of an accident does not mean that there are no problems. If there is an accident, you can't completely deny the work, and you can't simply "punish the accident". Once an accident happens, it should be analyzed on a case-by-case basis, depending on the accident rate and whether the accident is within the acceptable range of the aviation industry.

Based on this, we can examine the concept of continuous security that we put forward, which can be explained as follows:

First of all, the concept of sustainable security has scientific connotation. Continuous safety means that the operation risk of the industry is controllable, and efforts should be made to keep the overall safety situation of the industry stable. This security state has the characteristics of continuity, not stage or periodicity; The level of security in this state is acceptable to the government and the public. So, what kind of safety level is acceptable to the government and the public? The ideal state is of course zero accident, but zero accident is only a wish and goal. Judging from the global situation, it has not been achieved. The safety goal of ICAO from 2008 to 20 1 1 year is that the death accident rate in any part of the world should not exceed twice the global average accident rate (5-year sliding value). From 65438 to 0998 to 2007, the major accident rate per million flight hours in China was 0.23, which was lower than the world average of 0.33. According to the current development trend of industry safety in China, the aviation safety level acceptable to the government and the public should be: from 2008 to 20 17, and the major accident rate dropped from the previous 0.23 10 to 0. 15. If accidents occur frequently, or the rate of major accidents is significantly higher than the world average, it is unacceptable to the government and the public.

Second, the concept of continuous security is reasonable. In the past, we used to pay attention to safety in the form of "movement", "rectification" and "stage", and limited ourselves to activities such as "safety month" or put forward slogans such as "strive for ×× days and realize safety year". This formulation and grasp method are hot and cold, tight and loose, anticlimactic, cautious at first, and complacent as soon as the goal is achieved. This method of grasping the ups and downs of the wind is unscientific in thinking and working methods, and it is easy to produce negative effects, which is not conducive to solving safety problems, but lays hidden dangers for safety. Summing up and drawing lessons from the past, we put forward the concept of "continuous safety", aiming to get rid of the shackles of old concepts and working modes, keep pace with the times, find a new way to grasp safety, establish a long-term mechanism to ensure continuous safety, and make safety management and safety supervision normal and standardized.

Third, the concept of continuous safety embodies an enterprising spirit. This enterprising spirit, which is not afraid of difficulties and dares to challenge, gives full play to people's enthusiasm, initiative and creativity and works hard to ensure aviation safety. There is no contradiction between advocating enterprising and acknowledging the limit. Just as the Olympic Movement advocates the sportsmanship of "higher, faster and stronger", it is not unknown that sports competition has its limits, but people still mention it like that and it is accepted by the whole world. This is precisely the greatness of mankind. This is the case in sports competitions. Why not ensure aviation safety and put forward the concept of continuous safety?

Fourthly, the concept of continuous safety meets the requirements of Scientific Outlook on Development. In the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it is proposed to adhere to "safe development". General Secretary Hu Jintao has repeatedly pointed out clearly that it is necessary to adhere to the people-oriented principle, earnestly intensify the work of safety production, and resolutely curb the frequent occurrence of serious accidents in residential areas. This clearly tells us that scientific development cannot be separated from safe development. As far as China's civil aviation work is concerned, adhering to safe development is the basis and important premise of scientific development, and it is also the inevitable requirement of implementing Scientific Outlook on Development. Therefore, we must firmly establish the concept of sustainable security, forge ahead and promote the sound and rapid development of civil aviation.

Keep pace with the times and open up a new realm of safety management

In order to realize the safe development in the new century and new stage, it is necessary to review the course of civil aviation safety management in China for decades and summarize its success and failure for reference. So as to forge ahead into the future, keep pace with the times and open up a new realm of safety management.

The safety management of civil aviation in China has gone through three stages.

The first is to explore the management stage. New China has a poor civil aviation foundation, so all work is "crossing the river by feeling the stones" and "we'll see", and so is safety management. In order to implement the policy of "safety first", the slogan of "flying around" was put forward, and the management mode of "man-to-man" was emphasized, requiring managers to have the spirit of not being afraid of "running off their legs and grinding their mouths". One unit has a flight accident, and other units have to keep flying for rectification. This is what people call "one person catches a cold and everyone takes medicine". At this stage, practice comes first and everything is done first, which is the so-called "learning by doing, learning by doing". Of course, this period also focused on summing up the experience of safety management, and successively promulgated the China Civil Aviation Flight Regulations and other rules and regulations. Under the environment and conditions at that time, these working methods and rules and regulations played a positive role in ensuring aviation safety.

The second is the experience management stage. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, China has entered a new period of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, and China's civil aviation industry has entered a new stage of development. At this stage, safety management is mainly administrative management, with special emphasis on the summary and promotion of safety management experience. Civil aviation has summed up some influential safety work experiences, and the basic spirit and principles of some experiences are still fresh today. For example, in 1992, the "Eight Objections" are put forward (that is, in the course of flight, we should insist on going around, crossing the clouds, returning for the return flight, making alternate flights, detouring, waiting, reminding and hands-on actions, and oppose blind recklessness). Although these formulations have no quantitative indicators, they are easy to remember. For another example, 1994, civil aviation put forward the "four don't let go" (that is, when dealing with flight accidents or signs of accidents, we must insist on not letting go without finding out the reasons, not distinguishing the responsibilities, not taking measures, and not taking serious measures). Now this formulation is widely recognized and has become an important principle for the state to deal with production safety accidents. However, these formulations also have defects, because they are not quantitative enough, the standards are not clear and the operability is not strong enough. For example, when to go around and when not to go around can only be mastered by experience.

The third is the stage of supervision and management. 1995 10 10 On October 30th, the 16th session of the Eighth National People's Congress passed the Civil Aviation Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), which marked that civil aviation safety has entered the stage of management according to law. At present, the characteristics of the supervision and management stage we are in are reflected in three aspects: First, the pace of safety legislation is accelerating and the legal and regulatory system is constantly improving. Based on the Safety Production Law and the Civil Aviation Law, the Civil Aviation Administration has successively issued a series of regulations, standards and normative documents, and established a relatively complete system of laws and regulations on civil aviation safety production, drawing on the experience of foreign civil aviation developed countries and combining with the actual development of civil aviation in China. Second, civil aviation enterprises and institutions attach importance to legal education, refine safety regulations, rules and standards, improve all kinds of flight and operation manuals, strengthen self-inspection of safety production, implement the main responsibility of safety production, carry out production according to laws and regulations, and constantly consolidate the foundation of safety production; Third, the government supervision departments have strengthened the awareness of administration according to law, implemented the responsibilities of safety supervision supervisors, improved the means of safety supervision, increased the intensity of safety supervision, and the government's safety supervision ability and level have been continuously improved.

The above three stages, namely groping management, experience management and standard management, are historical tracks. The safety management of civil aviation in New China has come step by step in the arduous journey and gradually matured. While affirming the spirit of exploration and struggle of our predecessors, we can't help but see that due to the historical limitations of the times and the limitations of technical level and material conditions, our safety management work is more ruled by people and extensive. Even though the current stage of supervision and management is a great historical progress compared with the stage of groping management and experience management, it is still not the highest level or the most ideal management. The next direction of efforts should be people-oriented management. That is to say, with the progress of society, through the innovation of safety concept, we can improve people's comprehensive quality, promote people's all-round development, build a good safety culture, realize the higher-level transformation of safety management from "I want to be safe" to "I want to be safe", and make safety management become humanistic demand and humanistic consciousness. The level of culture is the highest level. We should not only aspire to it, but also actively create conditions to work in this direction.

Starting with the construction of four systems to realize sustainable security

Establishing the concept of sustainable safety and realizing safe development are the grasper and carrier for civil aviation system to learn and practice Scientific Outlook on Development. To this end, we need to unify our understanding, clarify our thinking and pay close attention to implementation with a broader vision, a higher occupation, greater determination and greater strength. Concept innovation is the premise of work innovation and the guarantee of scientific development. With the emancipation of the mind and the innovation of ideas, we must also have clear thinking and the implementation of work, so as to create a new situation of safe development and achieve new achievements in scientific development.

It is a systematic project to establish the concept of sustainable safety and realize safe development. In terms of working ideas, we should focus on strengthening the construction of "four systems":

The first is to strengthen the construction of the concept system. Knowledge is a guide to action. Only with advanced ideas can we have high-quality actions. The concept of continuous safety is mainly supported by firmly establishing the concepts of system safety, process safety, overall safety and overall safety. The concept of system security refers to grasping security as a whole and a big system, comprehensively and systematically, but not in isolation, single-handedly and unilaterally. The concept of process safety refers to paying attention to the process, especially the details, to prevent the weak links and fractures of the whole safety chain during operation, thus affecting the stability and reliability of the whole safety chain. The concept of full security is that security is in everyone's hands and there are no outsiders. It is everyone's responsibility to ensure safety, from leading cadres to ordinary employees, everyone must be the master of safety without exception. Overall planning of safety concept means that all aspects and parts that constitute safety, such as transport aviation and general aviation, large airports and small and medium-sized airports, civil aviation in developed areas, civil aviation in underdeveloped areas in the central and western regions, and civil aviation in remote areas, are well balanced and coordinated, with outstanding classification and different emphasis, which not only prevents one from paying attention to the other, but also prevents blind promotion regardless of priorities.

The second is to strengthen the team system. Human factors are crucial, and people are the masters of security. As far as civil aviation is concerned, it is mainly to do a good job in the flight team, support team (including maintenance, air traffic control, airport and other teams), support team and supervision team. As far as airlines are concerned, it is mainly to do a good job in flight, maintenance, dispatch and aviation insurance. In accordance with the general requirements of being strong in politics, good in thinking, skilled in technology, hard in work style and strict in discipline, we should comprehensively improve the comprehensive quality of the four teams, educate them to love their jobs and do their duty, and take it as our responsibility to ensure continuous safety.

The third is to strengthen the construction of laws and regulations. Laws and regulations are the basis of action. Without rules, there would be no Fiona Fang. Mainly to strictly implement national laws, administrative regulations, industry rules and enterprise rules. At present, there are 1 national laws related to civil aviation, namely, the Civil Aviation Law, 29 administrative regulations of the State Council and11regulations of the Civil Aviation Administration. As for the enterprise's own regulations, there are even more. While widely publicizing and strictly implementing existing laws, regulations and rules, we should also study new situations, solve new problems, actively put forward opinions and suggestions, constantly improve and introduce new laws, regulations and rules, and do a good job in legal construction.

The fourth is to strengthen the construction of the responsibility system. The key to achieving security lies in the implementation of responsibility, and the lesson of the problem is that responsibility is not in place. Mainly implement the responsibility of the enterprise's safety subject, the responsibility of government departments' safety supervision, the responsibility of leaders' safety leadership and the responsibility of employees' safety posts. In the implementation of responsibilities, in addition to emphasizing hierarchical management, corresponding seats and performing their duties, we should also emphasize mutual supervision, mutual reminder, mutual cooperation and mutual help. Because we all aim at the same goal: to achieve safe development and benefit the people and society.

To sum up, the concept system, team system, laws and regulations system and responsibility system are not only the strong pillars of sustainable safety construction, but also the direction of implementing the concept of sustainable safety. If we have the same understanding, clear thinking, be pragmatic and achieve solid results in the construction of the "four systems", then we will certainly be able to promote the safe development of the industry and create a new situation in the scientific development of civil aviation!

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How to use Scientific Outlook on Development to lead the safe development direction of fire forces?

Source: China Fire Video Network | Author: Wang Hongtao | Time: March 2009-115:18: 37.

Comrade Hu Jintao clearly pointed out: "Safe development is the inherent meaning of scientific development and the inherent requirement of sound and rapid development". Firmly establishing the concept of safe development and promoting the sound and rapid development of army building are major practical problems that need to be solved to implement Scientific Outlook on Development in army building.

First, to firmly establish the concept of safe development, we must strengthen the "three concepts" and accurately grasp the direction of safe development of troops. Safe development is the foundation of army building, and it is the core component that affects the overall situation, affects the center and restricts the development of army building. To do a good job in army safety, we must take Scientific Outlook on Development as the guide, grasp the characteristics and laws of safety management, and strengthen the "three views".

Strengthen the concept of safe development. Safe development is the premise of scientific development, and scientific development must first develop safely. To do a good job in army security, we should work hard to strengthen the concept of security development, always plan security development as a mission, implement it as a political task, and test it as a political achievement of the party Committee, so as to synchronize the deployment of work tasks with security requirements, and check the completion of tasks with the implementation of security measures. Coordinate the safety work with the central work, plan and guide the army's safety work closely around the central work, evaluate the safety work by whether it can stand the test of actual combat, comprehensively evaluate the safety work by the implementation of the central work and the ability to complete urgent and dangerous tasks, and resolutely overcome and abandon the one-sided understanding and misconception that grasping safety work is to "ensure that the troops will not have an accident."

Strengthen the concept of prevention first. "Everything is established in advance, and if it is not planned, it will be abolished." No accident doesn't mean there are no hidden dangers. Grasping safety work, the biggest problem is that you can't see the problem, and the biggest hidden danger is the lack of sense of urgency. Practice has proved that only by taking active and effective preventive measures, preventing in advance and responding as early as possible can we firmly grasp the initiative of safety work. It is necessary to educate the troops to always keep a clear head, and the more the situation of army building is good, the more they should enhance their sense of hardship; The more secure and stable the troops are, the more potential problems and hidden dangers should be seen. We should have a mental state of walking on thin ice, regard safety work as climbing a tightrope, treat symptoms as problems, treat other people's problems as our own lessons, and prevent and overcome the idea of quick success and instant benefit once and for all.

Strengthen the concepts of collective strategy and prevention. Safety work is a mass, basic and comprehensive work. It is necessary to fully mobilize the masses to do a good job in safety, regard safety as the "same subject" of officers and men, and educate and guide officers and men to fully realize that doing a good job in safety is not only closely related to personal interests, but also a common responsibility and obligation. Only when every member, post and department are safe can the security of the whole army be guaranteed. It is necessary to adhere to the working idea that the Party Committee takes the overall situation into consideration, the competent leaders personally grasp it, the functional departments specifically grasp it, and the organs jointly manage it, and gradually form a situation that "everyone is responsible for safety and everyone has a goal". Only by actively building a trinity group defense organization of troops, families and society, fully mobilizing the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of officers and men to participate in safety work, and forming a good situation of group defense and group governance, can we ensure safe development.

Second, to firmly establish the concept of safe development, we must adhere to the principle of "administering the army according to law" and strive to lay a solid foundation for the safe development of the army.

"Yan can build a military power, and life begins in the whole discipline." To promote the sound and rapid development of army building, safe development is the premise, and strict police management according to law is the guarantee. It is necessary to constantly improve the long-term mechanism of managing the police according to law, improve the ability to implement according to law, and solidly promote the safe development of the army.

Perfecting the long-term mechanism of managing police according to law is an important guarantee to ensure safe development. Mechanism is an important carrier and guarantee for implementing laws and regulations. Establishing a perfect long-term mechanism is not only an effective measure to strictly control the police, but also a realistic requirement to ensure the safe development of the army. This requires us to improve the operation mechanism, inspection and supervision mechanism and accountability mechanism of managing police according to law, and build a long-term mechanism of managing police according to law with clear rights and responsibilities, strict procedures and effective constraints. It is necessary to actively carry out the activities of "learning, knowing and using the law" and lay a solid ideological foundation for the army to strictly manage the police according to law. By establishing and perfecting a long-term mechanism, we can effectively ensure the efficient and safe operation of various military constructions under the norms of laws and regulations.

Improving the ability to implement according to law is an effective way to strengthen safe development. To strictly manage the police according to law, we must improve the ability of leading organs to implement it according to law. It is necessary to standardize the "four orders" of the army in strict accordance with laws and regulations, and ensure the orderly operation and implementation of all military work in strict and formal order. In the process of implementing safety work, it is necessary to realize target responsibility management, take the implementation of safety objectives as one of the basis for evaluating the performance of the person in charge of a department or unit, and as a condition for advanced evaluation and promotion, and implement a one-vote veto system. It is necessary to strengthen the awareness of managing the police according to law and doing things according to rules, take strict enforcement of rules and regulations as the fundamental measure and means to strengthen the management, safety and stability of the army, stop the bad atmosphere of not doing things according to rules and regulations, not doing things according to rules and regulations, not doing things according to operating rules, truly form a good style of decision-making by the party Committee, leadership by organs according to law, operation of the army according to law, and handling affairs by officers and men according to law, and solidly promote the safe development of the army.

Three, firmly establish the concept of safe development, we must adhere to the "people-oriented", and constantly stimulate the internal motivation of the safe development of the army.

Scientific development is a people-oriented comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development, and people-oriented is the essence and core of Scientific Outlook on Development. Safety work is done by people, and the comprehensive quality of officers and men directly affects the effectiveness of safety work. Only by striving to improve the comprehensive quality of officers and men can we promote the in-depth development of military security work.

We must consolidate our ideological defense. To establish a strong ideological defense line and prevent ideological estrangement between officers and men, it is necessary to take safety development education as an important part of ideological and political education and carry it out unremittingly. At present, we should pay special attention to the educational reform and management control of "individuals" and highlight the problems existing in the ideals and beliefs, power, status, interests and safety of officers and men. By improving information feedback, ideological analysis, comprehensive investigation and other measures, we can improve the ability to find "individuals" in time and help them transform in time. It is necessary to educate the broad masses of officers and men to strengthen moral cultivation as a compulsory course for self-education and firmly establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values. Leading cadres at all levels should combine solving ideological problems with solving practical problems, be emotionally close, help at work, care in life, be diligent in contact, observation, heart-to-heart, supervision and analysis, give full play to the role of party branches, "three mutual" organizations and ideological backbones, establish a linkage mechanism for assistance, and arm officers and men with correct, healthy and progressive ideas.

We should improve our comprehensive quality. The quality of officers and men is the basic symbol of the level of army building and the decisive factor to promote the development of the army. We should make full use of all kinds of educational resources, adopt various forms, and cultivate talents in all directions by carrying out on-the-job training, loving military training activities, selecting self-taught talents and technical experts, and constantly improve the scientific and cultural quality of officers and men. We should actively learn from the ideas and concepts of modern knowledge management, take the cultivation of compound talents with skills, command, good management and innovation as the highest goal, and strive to build a talent team with excellent quality, reasonable structure, practical science and virtuous circle.

We should adhere to scientific management. Scientific management is the most effective method and means to improve safety work efficiency. We should firmly establish the concept of safety from scientific management. In view of the new situation and new problems brought about by the officers and men's ideal pursuit and the increasingly diversified values and behaviors, taking rules and regulations as the criterion and iron discipline as the guarantee, we actively explore and construct a large management model with diversified management forms, real-time personnel control, dynamic vehicle management and equipment data management, and implement all-round, multi-level and multi-level management. Full-scale and full-scale management enables everyone to have a vision and scope of safety management, combine safety development with scientific management, and combine it with all-round construction and innovative development of the army, abandon the mindset of attaching importance to safety and management, effectively infiltrate scientific management into all aspects of safety development, and truly realize the benign interaction of promoting safety through management and seeking development through safety.