Basic information of the International Olympic Committee

The Olympic Charter, also known as the Olympic Constitution or Rules, is the general constitution formulated by the International Olympic Committee for the development of the Olympic Movement. The first constitution was initiated and formulated by Coubertin.

1894 was officially adopted at the Paris International Sports Conference in June. The main contents are the basic purposes and principles of the Olympic movement and related matters of hosting the Olympic Games. For decades, after many revisions and supplements, the basic principles and spirit formulated by Coubertin have not changed.

The Olympic Charter is the highest legal document on the Olympic movement formulated by the International Olympic Committee. The Charter clearly stipulates the organization, purpose, principles, members, institutions, respective terms of reference and basic procedures of various Olympic activities. This legal document is the most basic standard for binding the behavior of all participants in Olympic activities, and it is also the basis for cooperation among all parties.

The Olympic Charter is gradually improved with the development of the Olympic Movement. 1894 when the international Olympic Committee was established, it did not formulate specific rules and regulations, but only determined some basic intentions and principles, such as hosting the Olympic Games every four years and the relationship between the international Olympic Committee and the government.

The first charter document was the article "The Status of the International Olympic Committee" drafted by Coubertin in 1908. This document clearly expounds the tasks, organization and management of the International Olympic Committee and the election method of its members. Later, on the basis of this document, the rules and regulations of the Olympic Movement were gradually formed. For a long time, the names of these regulations have been confusing, such as "Olympic Rules", "Olympic Statue" and "Olympic Rules". Since 1978, the IOC has officially used the name "Olympic Charter". In practice, for the convenience of expression, people also refer to these provisions with different names as the "Olympic Charter".

With the development of the Olympic Movement, the International Olympic Committee has revised the Olympic Charter for many times on the premise of keeping the basic principles and spirit of the Olympic Games consistent.

The current Olympic Charter was adopted and came into effect at the105th plenary session of the International Olympic Committee in July, 1996. The Charter consists of six parts: the basic principles, the Olympic Movement, the International Olympic Committee, the International Federation of Individual Sports, the National Olympic Committee and the Olympic Games, with a total of 74 clauses, which clearly stipulates the important aspects of the Olympic Movement, such as ideology, organization, activities and systems. The contents of the Olympic Charter are as follows:

1. Expounds the purpose of the Olympic Movement, determines the goals of the Olympic Movement, and specifies the development direction of the Olympic Movement;

2. Defined some important concepts such as Olympism and Olympic spirit, which laid the ideological foundation for the Olympic movement to achieve its goals;

3. The organizational system of the Olympic Movement is fixed in the form of legal provisions, and the respective positions, functions, tasks and relationships of all members of the Olympic family, especially the three pillars of this movement (namely, the International Olympic Committee, the National Olympic Committee and the International Individual Sports Federation), are clearly stated and stipulated, which not only ensures their independence, but also connects them to form a complete functional system, thus providing an organizational foundation commensurate with the Olympic Movement;

4. Define the basic contents of the Olympic Movement, such as the Olympic Games, mass sports activities and Olympic educational and cultural activities. The IOC has 1 1 committees: Olympic Ethics Committee, Olympic 2000 Committee, Olympic Coordination Committee, Olympic Medical Committee, Olympic Education and Culture Committee, Olympic Athletes Committee, Olympic Environment Committee, Olympic Humanitarian Affairs Committee and Olympic Women's Committee. In February, the IOC was accused of the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympic bid scandal. IOC President Samaranch immediately appointed an independent committee to collect relevant evidence and materials. Six weeks later, the IOC announced the results of the investigation and reported the IOC members involved in the scandal to the Committee meeting, which eventually led to the resignation of four members, the dismissal of six members and the disciplinary action of 65,438+00 officials.

Affected by the scandal of Salt Lake City's bid for the Olympic Games, the IOC quickly took relevant measures and made relevant adjustments to the IOC on 1999:

1. Change the bidding process for the 2006 Winter Olympics and cancel the activities of IOC members to visit candidate cities.

2. Select 15 outstanding athletes from Olympic athletes to become members of the IOC Athletes' Committee.

3. Establish a nomination committee for IOC members.

The term of office of IOC members is eight years, and they can be re-elected by election.

The total number of IOC members is 1 15.

6. The term of office of the Chairman is eight years, renewable for four years.

7. Among IOC members, 65,438+05 are from IFs, 65,438+05 are from the National Olympic Committee, and the remaining 70 are independent individual members.

8. The maximum age of IOC members is 70 years old.

9. Establish the IOC Ethics Committee.

10. World Anti-Doping Committee was established.

1 1. Increase the financial transparency of the International Olympic Committee by publishing the financial reports on the income sources and expenditures of the International Olympic Movement.

12. The IOC General Assembly is open to the media for the first time.

According to the Olympic Charter, lead the Olympic movement to develop healthily all over the world; Encourage the organization and development of sports and sports competitions; Ensure the normal holding of the Olympic Games; Encourage young people to participate in sports activities and receive education from them, thus contributing to building a peaceful and better world. The International Olympic Committee has its own flag. The national flag has a boundless white background and five interconnected rings in the center, which is what we call the Olympic ring. The colors of the ring are blue, yellow, black, green and red from left to right (monochrome can also be drawn). Coubertin chose them because they can sum up the colors of the national flags of member countries, but later there were other explanations for these five colors. In the Olympic Review (No.40) published in 1979, the International Olympic Committee emphasized that the meaning of the national flag and the five rings symbolizes the unity of the five continents, and athletes from all over the world gather in the Olympic Games with fair and frank competition and friendly spirit.

The flag of the International Olympic Committee was designed and produced in 19 13 according to Coubertin's idea.

19 14 It was first put forward at the Olympic Congress in Paris to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the restoration of the modern Olympic Movement. 1920 During the Antwerp Olympic Games, the Belgian National Olympic Committee embroidered the same pennant and used it in that Olympic Games. After the Olympic Games, Belgium presented it to the International Olympic Committee and became the official flag of the International Olympic Committee. The flag handover ceremony has been held in the opening ceremony of previous Olympic Games. The representative of the host city of the last Olympic Games handed the flag to the President of the International Olympic Committee, who in turn handed it to the mayor of this host city. Then keep the national flag in the city building for four years before sending it to the next host city. The national flag raised above the main venue of the last Olympic Games is a substitute.

According to the provisions of the Olympic Charter, the Olympic rings are the symbols of the Olympic movement and the special symbols of the International Olympic Committee. Without the permission of the IOC, no group or individual may use them for advertising or other commercial activities. In the "Olympism Principle" clause of the Olympic Charter, the International Olympic Committee has a sentence: "Everyone should enjoy the possibility of engaging in sports, without any form of discrimination, and embody the Olympic spirit of mutual understanding, friendship, unity and fair competition". Obviously, the Olympic Charter endows the Olympic spirit with "mutual understanding, everlasting friendship, unity and fair competition".

The Olympic spirit plays a very important guiding role in the Olympic movement.

First of all, the Olympic spirit emphasizes fair treatment and understanding of cultural differences. The Olympic movement is an international movement, which inevitably faces various cultural differences in the world and various problems caused by it. Athletes, coaches, sports officials and spectators from different countries have different skin colors, wear different clothes, speak different languages, have different lifestyles, perform different religious ceremonies and express their joys and sorrows in different ways. These ethnic and cultural differences are often strengthened by conflicts between countries in political system, economic system and ideology. In a sense, the quadrennial Olympic Games concentrates all the sports cultures in the world in a narrow space and time range, so the differences between different cultures are particularly striking. Difference is contradiction, and contradiction may lead to conflict. The Olympic spirit emphasizes mutual understanding, friendship and unity in order to form a spiritual atmosphere. In this atmosphere, people can get rid of the prejudice brought by their own culture. In the display of different cultures, what they see is not contradictions and conflicts, but the cultural landscape of human society, which makes cultural differences become the driving force for people to communicate, rather than their own closed barriers; Let contradictions become the driving force of mutual learning, not the inducement of mutual contempt. Only in this atmosphere can people break their narrow horizons, understand and understand things outside their own nation with the broad mind of the citizens of the world, realize that all ethnic groups have magical imagination and great creativity, learn to respect other ethnic groups, treat others and themselves with a more objective and fair attitude, absorb the excellent elements of other cultures with an open mind, and constantly enrich themselves, so as to truly realize the international exchange advocated by the Olympic Movement.

Secondly, the Olympic spirit emphasizes the fairness and justice of competitive sports. The Olympic movement takes competitive sports as its main activity content, and the most essential characteristics of competitive sports are competition and confrontation. In the direct and fierce physical confrontation and competition, athletes' bodies, psychology and morality have been well exercised and cultivated, and the audience has also received sensory entertainment and subtle education. However, the basic premise of the educational function and cultural entertainment function of competitive sports is fair competition. Only on the basis of fair competition can competition be meaningful, athletes from all countries can maintain and strengthen the United and friendly relationship, and the Olympic Movement can achieve its sacred goals. As the late jesse owens, a famous American black track and field athlete, said, "In sports, people learn not only competition, but also respect for others, life ethics, how to spend their lives and how to treat their peers".

The Olympic spirit was put forward by Pierre De Coubertin. In order to introduce a vibrant new education system to the motherland, Coubertin devoted himself to studying different contemporary education systems and the history of ancient Greece since he was a teenager. He hopes that French youth can accept a new education system, that is, to strengthen moral cultivation and confidence, while exercising and cultivating courage and strong personality. The Olympic Movement led by the International Olympic Committee includes all organizations and individuals who agree to and abide by the Olympic Charter, and its standards of belonging to the Olympic Movement are recognized by the International Olympic Committee. The organizations recognized by the International Olympic Committee are: 206 national or regional Olympic Committees; The sports under its jurisdiction are listed as 35 international individual sports federations of the Olympic Games; Other 28 international individual sports federations. National or regional Olympic Committee associations in the world or on all continents, including: National Olympic Committee (State OC), African National Olympic Committee (ANOCA), Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), Pan American Sports Organization (ODEPA), Central American and Caribbean Sports Organization (ODECABE), European National Olympic Committee (AENOC) and Oceania National Olympic Committee (ONOC); The sports organizations recognized by the IOC also include some international federations: GAISF, ASOIF, AIWF, etc.

Note: The original membership of the International Olympic Committee is 205. In 20 10, the Netherlands Antilles, a former member country, voted to dissolve, and the International Olympic Committee subsequently cancelled its membership. In this way, the Netherlands Antilles cannot participate in the 20 12 London Olympic Games, but their athletes are allowed to participate in the Olympic Games as independent athletes. 20 12 The three-person team holding the Olympic flag seen at the opening ceremony of the London Olympic Games is an independent team composed of athletes from the five islands under the Netherlands Antilles. Kosovo joined the IOC in 20 14, and South Sudan joined the IOC in 20 15. Therefore, since the 20 16 Olympic Games, 206 members have participated in the Olympic Games. 1The Olympic Charter, which was revised at the IOC meeting held in February, 1999, made a new provision on the selection of IOC members: IOC members are composed of natural persons, with the total number not exceeding 1 15. Among them, 15 must come from the representative of the Athletes' Committee of the International Olympic Committee, 15 is the president or leading member of the International Single Sports Federation, and 15 is the president or leading member of the national (or regional) Olympic Committee. The IOC selects and elects its members from those whom it deems qualified. Members of the International Olympic Committee must be citizens of countries with national Olympic committees recognized by the International Olympic Committee. Members of the IOC are the representatives of the IOC in these countries or related organizations, not the representatives sent to the IOC by these countries or organizations.

Due to 1999, newly elected members must retire at the age of 70. Members elected before the IOC session1999+February 1 1 day may retire at the age of 80 at the end of the year (except those elected before 1966). The IOC has 125 members.

All IOC members who have served for 10 years can become honorary IOC members after retirement. Honorary members of the IOC may be invited to participate in the Olympic Games, attend the Olympic Congress and the plenary session of the IOC, but have no right to vote. The International Olympic Committee currently has 22 honorary members.

According to the proposal of the IOC Executive Committee, the IOC can elect an honorary member of the IOC from those who have made outstanding contributions to the Olympic movement outside the IOC. Honorary members of the International Olympic Committee may be invited to participate in the Olympic Games and attend the Olympic Congress. The IOC President may invite them to attend other IOC activities and meetings, but they have no right to vote. The International Olympic Committee has four honorary members.

Plenary meetings are held at least once a year. It is the highest authority of the International Olympic Committee and is responsible for the formulation, revision and interpretation of the Olympic Charter. Elect the host city of the Olympic Games; Election of IOC members. The decision of the plenary meeting is final.

At present, the IOC Executive Board consists of a president, three vice-presidents and ten other members. The term of office of the chairman is eight years, and can be renewed for four years. The term of office of the vice-chairman is four years, but he can be re-elected after at least four years. The term of office of the Executive Committee is four years, and it may not be re-elected in the year when he leaves office, unless he is elected as the chairman or vice chairman.

The executive Committee is responsible for handling the daily affairs of the IOC, including: preparing the agenda of the plenary session; Put forward suggestions and other reports on amending the Articles of Association to the plenary meeting; To approve the internal administrative organs of the IOC, and to appoint and remove the Director-General and the Secretary-General according to the notice of the President; Responsible for keeping the minutes of IOC meetings; Promulgate various necessary rules and regulations.

The president presides over all the activities of the IOC and represents the IOC permanently. When the Chairman deems it necessary, he may designate some standing or special committees or working groups, determine their terms of reference and appoint their members. The President and Director-General of the International Olympic Committee are ex officio members of all these committees. The IOC now has the following sub-committees: Olympic Culture and Olympic Education Committee, Athletes Committee, Ethics Committee, Nomination Committee, Working Group on Women and Sports, Finance Committee, Remuneration Working Group, Legislative Committee, Market Development Committee, Medical Committee, Press Committee, Olympic Project Committee, Radio and Television Committee, Olympic Solidarity Committee and Sports and Law Committee. Group Committee of Sports and Environment Committee, Coordination Committee of 28th Olympic Games in Athens in 2004, Coordination Committee of Winter Olympics in Turin in 2006, Coordination Committee of 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008, Coordination Committee of 20 10 Vancouver Winter Olympics, Coubertin Committee, International Olympic Philatelic Committee, Commemorative Coin and Crystal Committee, International Relations Committee, Television and Internet Rights Committee, Olympic Medal Council.

The administrative bodies of the IOC include: the Executive Office of the President, the Office of the Director-General, the Department of International Cooperation and Development, the Ministry of Finance and Administration, the Olympic Games Department, the Ministry of Sports, the Relations Department of the National Olympic Committee, the Technical Department, the Propaganda Department, the Information Management Department, the Global Broadcasting Law Department, the Media Rights Department, the Ministry of Medicine and Science, the Olympic Solidarity Department, the Auburn Museum Department, the Olympic Knowledge Service Department, the Meridian Management Department, the Olympic Broadcasting Service Department, and the Secretariat of the Honorary President for Life. Olympic review (Olympic review)

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