Calligraphy problem

Calligraphy in a narrow sense refers to the methods and laws of writing Chinese characters with a brush. Including writing, calligraphy, stippling, structure, layout (distribution, lines, composition) and so on. For example, the pen refers to the palm and the five fingers are Qi Li; The pen carrying center is unfolded; Stippling is the same as a pen; The structure is shaped by words and echoes each other; The distribution is intricate, the density is appropriate, and the virtual and the real are born together, and the whole chapter is full of gas fields; Every word is ancient for literacy, and every word is big and small, and high is not as good as low.

Calligraphy in a broad sense refers to the writing rules of language symbols. In other words, calligraphy refers to writing with its brushwork, structure and composition according to the characteristics and significance of words, making it a beautiful work of art. With the development of cultural undertakings, calligraphy is not limited to using brush and writing Chinese characters, but its connotation has greatly increased. For example, in terms of using tools, there are many kinds of pens alone, such as writing brushes, hard pens, computer instruments, and spray gun branding tools. Pigments are not only black ink blocks, but also colored inks, adhesives, chemicals, paint glazes and so on. In the past, Four Treasures of the Study-pen, ink, paper, inkstone, its meaning has also been greatly expanded, and there are many varieties, too numerous to mention; From the way of writing, some people write with their hands, others with their feet, and many people write with other organs. Some people don't even use pens at all, such as "pointing at books" and "squeezing books". In terms of writing style, it is not a kind of Chinese characters, and some minority languages have also entered the calligraphy art world, and Mongolian is an example; Judging from the style and composition, in addition to the authentic traditional calligraphy school, there is also an intentional school in China, called modern calligraphy. Innovating on the basis of traditional calligraphy, highlighting the word "change", integrating poetry, calligraphy and painting, striving for the unity of form and content, and making the work a masterpiece of "beauty in meaning, beauty in sound and beauty in form". In Japan, many calligraphers abandoned the language of writing and established the "image" of writing, and the school of "ink image" came into being to write various writing images with the weight of the pen, the opening and closing of Ji Xu and the nib, and the change of writing posture. Although this school of calligraphy emphasizes "image" and its writing is novel, not all Chinese characters are "image", so its development is limited. All these (of course, not only these) can be seen that calligraphy, like other things, is constantly developing and changing. This point must be highly valued by people in the calligraphy field.

Calligraphy is a unique traditional art in China. Chinese characters in China were created by working people and began to be recorded by pictures. After thousands of years of development, it has evolved into today's writing. Because our ancestors invented the brush, calligraphy came into being. Throughout the ages, Chinese characters were mainly written with a brush. As for other writing forms, such as hard pen and finger book, their writing rules are not completely different from those of brush, but they are basically the same. Based on tracing the source (after Oracle bone inscriptions), this paper focuses on the law of writing Chinese characters with a brush. As long as we have a "narrow" understanding of calligraphy, it will be of great benefit to understand "broad" calligraphy.

Calligraphy has a wide range of practicality.

The most basic activity of learning calligraphy is writing, and the primary purpose of writing is to remember things and exchange feelings. The minimum requirement is to write the words in a standard, neat and clear way, so that people are willing to accept them. If you write the words in a mess, or even make words at will, readers will interpret the "heavenly book" and lose its practical value if they can't recognize it. Some people think that writing with a brush is not as convenient as writing with a hard pen, and it can completely replace the brush. Only by writing with a brush can we learn calligraphy. Some people think that calligraphy is the patent of "genius" and "we are not cut out to learn calligraphy". Some older friends, in particular, are bound by stale ideas and think it is too late to learn calligraphy. Some people think that calligraphy is mysterious, incredible, impossible for God to find, difficult to express in form, and difficult to achieve good deeds. These ideas are not desirable, because as long as you write, there are rules to speak of, especially in many occasions where there is no "facade" of calligraphy, absolutely not. For example, trademarks, advertisements, slogans, couplets, calligraphy and painting banners are all inseparable from calligraphy. There is no denying that it is convenient and quick to compose words with pens, ballpoint pens and other tools, but no matter what tools you use to write, the rules are basically the same as those with a brush, so you should learn calligraphy no matter how you write. As for the age of learning calligraphy, there is no doubt that learning calligraphy from childhood or adolescence has great advantages, but older people also have many advantages in learning calligraphy. Young people have knowledge, life, experience, quick understanding, deep feelings and good expression, which is incomparable. As for "genius", it means "a person with this talent". Any cleverness and wisdom are acquired through enthusiasm, diligence and scientific research. "Nothing in the world is difficult to a willing mind" and "Nothing is afraid as long as you make up your mind." A calligrapher's answer to students' questions is enlightening, concise and memorable. "What age is the best for learning calligraphy?" A: "In terms of literacy, it is suitable for any age group." Q: "Can I become a calligrapher?" Answer: "You think you can-you can!" Learning calligraphy is the same as learning other arts. As long as we don't doubt our ability, have confidence and enthusiasm, and adopt proper methods, we will certainly succeed. Don't be intimidated by the metaphysics of some monopolists. They talked about calligraphy wonderfully, taught it abstractly, gave up the basics, and knew nothing about the closed loop, which delayed their later study. In fact, calligraphy is also like "enough paper", and it is also "a poke that breaks". Its charm is acceptable, its image can be expressed, its technique is desirable and its composition can be reached. "Climbing into the room" is within reach.

Calligraphy is an art.

Chinese characters are different from foreign languages in stippling, structure and form. It has subtle changes, different forms and different interests. "Through the rich changes in the intensity, shade and thickness of stippling lines, the ups and downs of writing content and thoughts and feelings, and the distribution of font spacing and lines, a beautiful composition layout has been formed. Some are carved like jade dragons, some are towering peaks, some are handsome and unrestrained, and some are bold and unrestrained, which makes the written words have a strong artistic color." Calligraphy is a wonderful flower in national art, and the world is gratified by it. From it, we can appreciate its spiritual demeanor, spiritual artistic conception, life interest, aesthetic pursuit and the flavor of the times ... So exciting masturbation art, why not?

Calligraphy is good for health.

"Writing a book can nourish the spirit and help the spirit." When practicing books, don't worry about the spirit of doubt, start your whole body, exert your strength to the end, write it down on paper, express your mind and relax. This has a certain adjustment and exercise effect on people's psychological and physical aspects. Over time, it can make people feel refreshed and live a disease-free life. Even if you are unfortunate enough to get sick, you can practice calligraphy. The more you nourish your heart, the more you get sick and the longer you live. Throughout the ages, calligraphy can make people live a long and healthy life, rather than just wasting their time. For example, in history, the average life expectancy of Ou Yangxun, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan and Zhao Mengfu was 79.2 years, and Yan Zhenqing died at the age of 76, otherwise his life expectancy would be even longer. According to the data, 28 famous painters and calligraphers in Ming and Qing Dynasties lived 12.7 years longer than monks, indicating that painting and calligraphy activities may be more beneficial to health than monks' practice, which is well known to the world. Mr. Li Zhen, a 76-year-old "general calligrapher", recovered from his heart disease by practicing calligraphy and stopped worrying about insomnia. He said with deep experience that learning calligraphy, "over time, there will be gains." This "harvest" is not only in calligraphy, but also beneficial to health. "It can be seen that the ink splashing pool is indeed a fitness feat. As long as you persevere and persevere, you can turn "calligraphy" into a wonderful "way of keeping in good health"

Calligraphy can cultivate sentiment.

Perception is the synthesis of emotion and thinking. Calligraphy is a science and an art, and its beauty comes from nature, life, social practice and other things. The characteristics, techniques, theories and artistic conception of calligraphy are extremely extensive. "There are books in my chest, and my writing is not bad." Learning calligraphy covers literature, philosophy, aesthetics, astronomy, geography, history and other aspects. Obviously, we can't simply understand calligraphy as writing. Calligrapher Mr. Wu Shanmao put it well: "Calligraphy is writing, but writing is not all calligraphy." The inherent law of calligraphy determines the seriousness of learning books. This requires learners to have a good psychological state, with a high degree of learning enthusiasm, vigorous enterprising spirit and scientific thinking activities, and treat them with sincerity. Must be diligent and tireless, to prevent a whim, give up halfway; We should go deep into life, broaden our horizons and prevent arrogance and hypocrisy. It is necessary to strengthen self-cultivation, broaden artistic conception, and prevent sticking to the rules and abandoning basics; We should enrich our knowledge, make the past serve the present and prevent ourselves from making a fool of ourselves, Dont Ask For Help; We must be greedy for appreciation, learn to innovate, and prevent Chen from being like Chen. Otherwise, you will waste your time and accomplish nothing. In a word, happiness is endless. Let's accumulate the wisdom of human beings and make flowers in our works!

China's calligraphy is an ancient art, from Oracle Bone Inscriptions and inscriptions on bronze to Da Zhuan, Xiao Zhuan and Li Shu, and then to cursive script, regular script and running script in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Wei and Jin Dynasties. Calligraphy has always exuded artistic charm.

China's calligraphy has a long history, reflecting the spirit of the times with different styles, and the artistic youth is eternal. Throughout the history of calligraphy, "Jin people respect rhyme, Tang people respect law, Song people respect meaning, Yuan, Ming and Tai". Tracing back to the development track of calligraphy for 3,000 years, we can clearly see that it keeps pace with the legal development of China society and strongly reflects the spiritual outlook of each era. Calligraphy art is a unique treasure in the world and a wonderful flower of Chinese culture. Calligraphy art is the most typical embodiment of the beauty of oriental art and the Excellence of oriental culture, and it is an artistic treasure that our nation will always be proud of. It has a profound mass base and artistic characteristics that no art in the world can match. The art of calligraphy is more and more favored by everyone.

The history of China's calligraphy can be divided into stages, with Yan Zhenqing in the Tang Dynasty as the dividing point, which was previously called "the evolution period of calligraphy style" and later called "the evolution period of style". In the evolution of calligraphy style, the main trend of calligraphy development is the evolution of calligraphy style, and the display of calligrapher's artistic style is often linked with calligraphy style. When the style changes, there is no need to create a new font. So calligraphers put forward the idea of "respecting meaning", and "style of writing" was fixed, while "meaning" was alive, which further strengthened the author's main role.

The origin of calligraphy

Calligraphy is the art of writing Chinese characters. It is not only the cultural treasure of the Chinese nation, but also unique in the treasure house of world culture and art. In the long historical evolution and development, on the one hand, Chinese characters play an important social role in the exchange of ideas and cultural heritage, on the other hand, they also form a unique plastic arts. According to modern textual research, regarding the origin of China characters, it is generally believed that characters were created in the "Yangshao Culture Period" in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in China about five or six thousand years ago. Yangshao culture was named after it was first discovered in Yangshao Village, Shengshan, Henan Province in 192 1. In the past 40 years, there have been many discoveries.

There are three kinds of characters of all nationalities in the world, namely ideographic characters; Ideographic characters; Recording. Chinese characters are typical ideographs developed on the basis of ideographs. The method of pictographic writing is to draw the real thing. While painting tends to be more simplified and abstract, becoming a symbol that highlights the physical characteristics, representing a certain meaning and having a certain pronunciation ... Our Chinese characters have gradually taken shape, from pictures and symbols to creation and stereotypes, from ancient China seal script to small seal script, from seal script to official script, regular script and cursive script. In the process of writing and application of Chinese characters, the unique and independent calligraphy art of all nationalities in the world has gradually emerged.

Prehistoric Zhixia Calligraphy with Chaos Enlightenment

China's calligraphy art began in the generation stage of Chinese characters. "Voice can't spread in different places, but stay in different times, so words were born. Writer, so it is the trace of Italian sound. " As a result, words came into being. The earliest works of calligraphy art are not words, but some descriptive symbols-hieroglyphics or picture words.

Symbols depicting Chinese characters first appeared on pottery. The primitive depiction symbol only represents a rough concept of chaos and has no exact meaning.

More than 8,000 years ago, magnetic mountain culture, Fiji and Khan Lee cultures appeared in the Yellow River Basin. There are many symbols on the handmade ceramics unearthed in Fiji and Khan Lee, which are the chaotic combination of the communication function, note-taking function and pattern decoration function of the ancestors. Although these are not real Chinese characters, they are indeed the embryonic forms of Chinese characters.

Immediately after the Banpo site of Yangshao culture about 6000 years ago, some painted pottery with similar characters were unearthed. These symbols are distinguished from patterns, which promotes the development of Chinese characters. This can be said to be the origin of China characters.

Then Erlitou culture and Erligang culture. In the archaeological excavation of Erlitou culture, there are 24 kinds of marked pottery pieces, some of which are similar to Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Yin Ruins, and all of them are single independent characters. Erligang culture was found to have a writing system. Three bones with words were found here, two with words and a cross, which seemed to be carved for practicing lettering. This has made civilization take another big step forward.

The origin of primitive characters is an imitation instinct, which is used to visualize a specific thing. Although it is simple and chaotic, it already has a certain aesthetic taste. This simple writing can therefore be called prehistoric calligraphy.

From Shang Dynasty to Western Han Dynasty —— The context of calligraphy

From the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, through the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, to the Qin and Han Dynasties, the historical development of more than 2,000 years also promoted the development of calligraphy art. During this period, various calligraphy styles appeared one after another, including the handwriting of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, stone carvings, bamboo slips and Zhu Mo. Among them, the fonts such as seal script, official script, cursive script and regular script were stereotyped in the screening and elimination of hundreds of miscellaneous characters, and the calligraphy art began to develop in an orderly manner.