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Confessions of a Civil Engineer —— Wenchuan Earthquake

Recently, many experts talked about the reasons for the collapse of a large number of primary and secondary schools in the disaster area. I also published two blog posts to explain, but because the articles were too long and there were too many things to write, my explanation of this problem was diluted.

I don't think there has been an investigation yet, so it is too early to say whether the collapse of a school is a bean curd project. But judging from the common sense and experience of an engineering person, there must be a lot of suspicious projects in the new teaching building built in 10. There is no doubt about this, but it involves legal issues. We can't spare a profiteer or wronged an innocent person, so we can't talk about it now. However, Mianyang education officials stood up and declared that "there is no basis for saying that there is a tofu dregs project in the teaching building", but I think there is no money in it! I think we should start with him! Indeed, at present, we have no reliable basis to question any specific project, but according to the empirical data formed in real life, people have reason to believe that there must be a large number of unqualified serious problems in the collapsed teaching building under the administration of this official. I want to ask the deputy director of Mianyang Education Bureau: Thousands of students under your jurisdiction are buried in the teaching building that should have been used to spend the time in the mood for love. Now you are in such a hurry to declare that you are not afraid of the ghost of your child coming to you at night?

Building structure experts also come out to point. To tell the truth, as a civil engineer, I am deeply ashamed of the dead children. I am ashamed that as a civil engineer, I have not fulfilled my social responsibility. These experts and professors, sitting on comfortable leather sofas, talked with reporter Kan Kan about their profound professional knowledge and quoted the classics, saying that "the earthquake-resistant problem of teaching buildings is a common problem in the world" and "the main reason is that the intensity of this earthquake exceeded the local fortification intensity, and many local buildings were insufficiently fortified due to economic reasons". From a narrow technical point of view, their words are right. But now, as public figures and technical experts, they overemphasize this view and even try to make the public think that this is the only explanation, which violates the social responsibility of experts. This is also a major reason why the contradiction between experts and civilians is becoming more and more acute. In normal times, it is rare to see how much professional knowledge these high-powered experts and scholars have popularized to the public. However, once some unexpected events come, there are always experts who come out to provide high-minded and jaw-dropping professional opinions.

Why didn't an expert dare to stand up and tell the truth about the problems in the field of civil engineering? Why have so many experts been avoiding and confusing, trying to confuse building damage with brittle damage and comminuted collapse of buildings? Why do you always emphasize the magnitude of this earthquake and can't even make a little suggestion?

A well-known earthquake expert in China did not forget to show his foresight as an expert after expressing a bunch of high opinions: Professor Zhou Xiyuan put forward his own ideas, and he suggested that schools, hospitals and other densely populated places with poor self-help ability should improve their standards, strengthen their earthquake resistance and give them the function of emergency shelters. In this way, in the event of a disaster, the school can have a holiday and vacate it as a shelter. Cities need shelter.

If the old gentleman can stand up with his conscience and say, "If all schools' houses meet the current relevant technical standards, the casualties of teachers and students will be greatly reduced", then he will be worthy of the taxpayer's money he has taken for so many years and the research funds he has obtained! Is it because taxpayers give him money to do research that he can express such a high opinion?

At present, most rural and township schools can't even meet the current technical standards. What can we talk about "considering building the school into an emergency shelter" Perhaps, after a few years, children in Beijing and Shanghai can live in teaching buildings that can be used as shelters, but at the same time, in rural areas, there may still be a large number of dangerous schools that have not been damaged by the earthquake!

The collapse of the teaching building is not a technical problem, nor an economic problem, nor is it a problem of low planning and fortification, but a political problem! Technically, I don't think it's the sensational view of experts that "the poor seismic capacity of school buildings is a common problem in the world"; Economically, China's current economic aggregate is fully capable of building teaching buildings that meet the current technical requirements. If nothing else, the construction cost of the National Grand Theatre alone is enough to build thousands of teaching buildings that will not collapse after the earthquake! But the problem is that some people would rather spend money to build an "art palace" that only a few people can enjoy than to build several schools that meet the requirements of seismic fortification! From the planning point of view, if the teaching building really meets the requirements of the current seismic code for buildings in China, such heavy casualties will never happen. This, I think, will be shown in the post-disaster investigation! The root of the problem, Mianyang's education officials are also aggrieved to say: the state investment is insufficient! The proportion of China's education funds in the national financial budget is low, ranking last in the world (note that I mean the proportion of the budget, not the total amount. So don't confuse people with saying that our country has a weak foundation. Therefore, from the national level, "no matter how hard the child is, no matter how bad the education is" is a shameless lie! I wonder if you can find such a slogan in the ruins where children are buried. In addition, the proportion of education funds is so low that most of them are allocated to higher education. At present, some colleges and universities have too much money to spend, so they need to "spend money suddenly" at the end of the fiscal year. The president of Peking University has a meeting with the deans of various colleges and other officials, and they all want to get a room in the Xijiao Hotel and then open it in the hotel! The proportion of funds allocated to basic education is very small, while the vast majority of basic education funds are allocated to cities. According to the statistics of relevant people in previous years, the per capita education expenditure of primary school students in Shanghai is more than 590 yuan, while the per capita education expenditure of primary school students in remote areas is even less than 10 yuan! The difference between the two is nearly a hundred times!

According to Ding Yao, an education official in Mianyang City, in the past, the standard of state-funded schools was only 400 yuan/m2, but it was only adjusted to 500 yuan/m2 in recent years. I believe people in the civil engineering sector all know what this Budget means, not to mention that only a few officials want to pluck hair and contractors want to make money.

You cannot make a silk purse out of a sow's ear. Without money, it would be nice to have a house sheltered from the wind and rain. What else can we talk about meeting the national seismic technical standards? Therefore, Academician Zhou's good wishes may not be realized after the death of the old gentleman.

A famous civil engineering expert in Tongji University has a slightly higher level than Academician Zhou. At least he could see that many teaching buildings collapsed in this earthquake, not because "the earthquake resistance of teaching buildings is a common problem in the world", but because the earthquake intensity was large and exceeded the fortification intensity. What's more, some local teaching buildings are old and can't meet the fortification requirements. So it's hard not to fall.

It shows that academicians are fully aware that the teaching buildings in these places can't meet the current fortification requirements, so why can't I see this old gentleman, as a famous expert in civil engineering, expressing even a little regret-hating himself for not taking good care of the flowers of the motherland as a civil expert? Why can't it be suggested that all the school buildings in the country should be investigated after the disaster, and all the unqualified buildings should be reinforced to meet the current norms in China? Why can't the old gentleman reflect on the serious shortage of education funds in China at present, which leads to the low fortification standard of schools in disaster areas? Is it that the experts raised by taxpayers' money express their opinions in a tone of pointing out the mountains and inspiring?

The Sichuan earthquake school suffered heavy losses, which shocked Japanese experts to quietly urge the government to check the school building quality. China civil engineering experts and academicians are sitting on leather sofas in suits and ties, talking about the high intensity of the earthquake. Instead of shame and guilt, they proudly expressed their superior right to speak!

I spent a lot of energy watching all kinds of video materials and pictures on TV and the Internet. In my opinion, this earthquake is a natural disaster, but such huge casualties are man-made disasters! Most of them have never been to the disaster area to witness it with their own eyes. It doesn't matter. There is an aerial photograph of Yingxiu Town, the epicenter of the earthquake (/#200805 16-34) on the Internet. Let's have a look as if we were there. From this picture, we can see that although this is the epicenter and the place with the worst casualties, there are still a large number of buildings standing askew. Although such a building can't be used after the disaster, it protects the lives of most people inside!

From this picture, we can see that most of the houses that have not collapsed are 3-6 floors, which are relatively large, and should be considered as better and more formal houses in the local area. Maybe it's a formally designed house. Earthquake-resistant buildings basically did not cause large-scale casualties! According to the analysis of the volume and characteristics of the site, most of the sites are brick-wood structures and brick-concrete structures, and a large number of them are assembled structures. The people in these houses suffered heavy casualties or even were wiped out! Therefore, we can draw a conclusion that even in the epicenter area with the highest intensity, buildings that meet the basic requirements of the current seismic code for buildings have been seriously damaged or even collapsed, but they have not caused extremely serious casualties! It is basically in line with the expected goal of "small earthquake is not bad, medium earthquake can be repaired, and large earthquake will not collapse" required by the current seismic code for building structures! Intensity is not the cause of heavy casualties at all!

Of course, our experts can continue to confuse people and say that those houses have collapsed. Because no one has given a strict definition to the word "collapse"!

Poetry has long forgotten me. But today, I am so sad that I dreamily wrote the following poem to express my regret for the children:

Son, forgive me!

children

Please forgive my incompetence.

On your way to heaven

I can't send you to the disaster area myself.

Because time is frozen.

I am still busy in front of the computer.

Busy drawing the blueprint for the four modernizations

I heard your cry for help in the ruins.

I saw the hand holding the pen sticking out from the ruins.

I dreamed that your eyes continued to read in the ruins.

I can't bear to listen.

Can't bear to see it

In my dream, my tears are flowing.

I was twenty years ago.

I used to be like you.

With dreams and hopes

Go to school barefoot, step on cow dung and wear plastic sheets.

I don't have an umbrella or rubber shoes.

There is no glass on the school window.

I tremble in the autumn wind.

Hungry at night, I want to chew my tongue.

I want to be an engineer when I grow up.

Let every child who studies like me

There are spacious buildings

There is a bright desk lamp.

There are neat tables.

A girl studying in the ruins

I used to be as diligent and studious as you.

But with more knowledge,

Dreams are getting less and less.

I was lucky

I went to a key university.

I studied civil engineering.

Harmony and ideal

But left it in the canyon.

busy

Four years will be over.

The important thing is to find a job.

It is important to register in Beijing.

The important thing is to find a wife who doesn't dislike being a phoenix man.

Buildings to be built in childhood

Has been left in my mind.

The lady who sells oil combs her hair with water.

A young civil engineer living in the basement

Life is not as good as a rich man's pet dog.

It is simply a scalper of real estate developers.

Constant load

live load

wind resistance

quake-proof

Accurate structure

The drawings are carefully drawn.

Only the life of the rich can be guaranteed.

My new house and my childhood building.

I can only dream of it.

children

Please forgive me.

The prefabricated board is on you.

Engineers knew more than ten years ago that they were all killers.

Technical regulations have sentenced them to death.

Prefabricated panels should be withdrawn from the construction market forever.

children

Please forgive me.

I'm just a craftsman.

In the political system of our country

You can't win in your career.

Be a public servant of the people

Sitting in the Great Hall of the People

Stay high in the temple.

Shout and run for you

children

Please forgive me.

I got a grain of sand in my eye.

Uncle didn't cry