Basic knowledge of energy conservation and environmental protection

Advocate energy conservation and environmental protection, so as to save the existing energy consumption, advocate the development of environmental protection and new energy, and benefit the society. I have compiled the basic knowledge of energy conservation and environmental protection for you. Welcome to read and browse.

1. Why should paperless office go through to the end?

According to statistics, office paper accounts for at least 40% of the office waste in China, and waste gas accounts for about 35% of the total paper demand. If paperless office can be implemented smoothly, it can reduce deforestation by at least 30%, greatly reduce the consumption of energy such as water, electricity and coal, and the generation of waste such as toner cartridges and ink cartridges.

2. Why should we save electricity?

Saving electricity can not only reduce living expenses, but also alleviate power shortage, save resources and improve the ecological environment. Experts pointed out that without saving 1 kwh of electricity, about 400 grams of standard coal and 4 liters of water can be saved accordingly, and the emissions of pollutants such as carbon dust, 997 grams of carbon dioxide, 30 grams of sulfur dioxide and 15 grams of nitrogen oxides can be reduced.

3. Why should we promote the application of high-efficiency energy-saving lamps?

At present, China's lighting electricity consumption accounts for about 12% of the country's total electricity consumption. If incandescent lamps are completely replaced by high-efficiency energy-saving lamps, 60% ~ 80% of electricity can be saved, and the energy-saving potential is huge.

4. What signs should I pay attention to when buying energy-saving lamps?

In order to ensure the light efficiency, service life, harmonics, safety and other technical indicators, really save energy and money, buy the outer packaging or equal top. CQC？ 、? CQCES saves energy? And then what? Festival? The word logo product. ? CQC？ The sign indicates that the safety index of the energy-saving lamp has been verified. CQCES saves energy? And then what? Festival? This symbol indicates that the energy saving index has been verified.

5. What is the standby state?

There are many household appliances. If you only use the remote control to turn off the power supply without cutting off the power supply, the infrared receiving device on the machine is ready to receive the power-on command of the remote control at any time. What is this called? Standby state?

6. Don't household appliances consume electricity when they don't open opportunities?

When the household appliances are in standby state, the power supply is not cut off, and the control system is still using electricity. According to the survey of China Energy Conservation Certification Center, the average standby energy consumption of urban households in China is equivalent to a 15 ~ 30 watt lamp that is lit day and night by every household? Ever-burning lamp? . According to estimates, the standby energy consumption of household appliances in China exceeds 10% of household electricity consumption. Therefore, general household appliances should also be powered off after they are turned off.

7. How to choose an energy-saving refrigerator?

According to the national standard GB 1202 1.2-2003, the energy efficiency label of refrigerators is divided into five grades. 1 Refrigerator is the most energy-saving, reaching the international advanced energy-saving level; Class 2 refrigerators have reached the domestic advanced energy-saving level, and all belong to energy-saving refrigerators. Category 5 refrigerators consume the most electricity, so they are no longer produced and should be eliminated.

8. Why is the indoor air conditioning temperature not set below 26 degrees in summer and above 20 degrees in winter?

This is a regulation made by the State Council for energy conservation and emission reduction. The air conditioning temperature is set at 26 ~ 28℃ in summer and 16 ~ 18℃ in winter, which is energy-saving and not easy to catch a cold. For example, if an air conditioner with 1.5 is used for 10 hour every day, and the temperature increases by 1℃ in summer, it can save 0.5 degrees of electricity every day.

9. How to save electricity on the computer?

If it is not used for a long time, turn off the host and monitor and unplug the power supply; If you don't use it for a short time, start the computer? Sleep? Mode, energy consumption can be reduced to less than 50%; Turn off unused programs and peripherals, such as speakers and printers; Do not let the hard disk, floppy disk and CD work at the same time; Reduce the brightness of the display appropriately; Always pay attention to moistureproof, dustproof and clean.

10. How to save electricity for notebook computers?

Completely discharging the battery; Try not to use external equipment; Shut down temporarily unused equipment and interfaces; Close the screen saver; Reasonable shutdown mode: when immediate recovery is needed? Standby? , battery application selection? Sleep? Don't choose for a long time? Turn it off? ; Try not to use the power alarm function; When using the battery, under Windows XP, the CPU automatically reduces the frequency through SpeedStep technology, and the power consumption can be reduced by 40%.

1 1. How to save electricity with TV?

The larger the size and brightness of the TV, the greater the power consumption. Moreover, a bright screen will shorten the life of TV sets.

Why save tap water?

The world is facing the threat of water shortage. China is one of the countries short of water, and so is Shanghai? Water-quality water-deficient city? We must save water. Moreover, after coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection and other processes, the waterworks send purified water to thousands of households with water pipes. Every link is inseparable from electricity, so saving tap water is also saving energy.

13. Why not use tap water to wash rice?

Washing rice with tap water not only wastes water, but also loses nutrients in rice. The rice in the container can be reused, such as washing vegetables to remove some residual pesticides, washing dishes to remove oil stains and watering flowers.

14. How to use one water for multiple purposes?

Wash your feet with face wash water, and then flush the toilet; Use the water after bathing to mop the floor and flush the toilet; Wash bowls and chopsticks with rice washing water and boiled noodles to remove oil and save water; Wash vegetables and fish and water flowers, save water and promote the growth of flowers and trees.

15. How to collect wastewater to flush the toilet?

You can set up a vat at home to collect the waste water after washing your face, feet, bath, laundry and vegetables for flushing the toilet. When the washing machine starts rinsing, a basin is connected to the drain to collect the drained water.

16. What are the water-saving tips for home decoration?

Double-control water-saving toilets should be selected for bathroom decoration, and different flushing volumes should be selected according to needs. When the bathroom is decorated, the bathtub and shower can be used together; Try to shorten the distance between the water heater and the water outlet, and at the same time do a good job of moisturizing the water heater pipeline. Kitchen decoration, use water-saving faucet, it is best to install double-sided basin.

17. How to save gas by boiling water in summer?

When the temperature is high in summer, first boil the water without covering it, so that the water with lower temperature can exchange heat with the air, and then cover it when the temperature naturally rises to the temperature, which can save gas.

18. Why should we advocate the use of small-displacement vehicles?

Small-displacement vehicles are lighter and consume less fuel (1 liter displacement vehicles travel 100 km with 4 liters, 1.6 liter displacement vehicles travel 100 km with about 10 liter); Moreover, it has small floor space, less pollution discharge, lower price and maintenance cost, and is beneficial to the country and the people.

19. How to save fuel during car starting?

Do some maintenance work before the car starts, and the car starts successfully at one time; After starting, slow acceleration is more fuel-efficient than rapid acceleration.

20. Can you save fuel by mastering reasonable driving skills?

Mastering driving skills can save fuel. For example, lightly step on the accelerator, do not easily step on the brakes, do not brake suddenly, and use a stable economic speed; Plan travel routes, take fewer detours and avoid blocking roads; Reasonable use of air conditioning.

2 1. How to save fuel when driving?

Shift gears in time according to road conditions during driving; Ordinary economic speed; In order to ensure safety, it is more appropriate to slow down and slide; Turn off the engine while waiting for someone.

22. What is DME fuel?

Dimethyl ether is the simplest ether and can be extracted from coal, oil and natural gas. It has a wide range of sources and is a clean fuel.

23. What is the supercapacitor car made of?

A car that uses supercapacitors to store electric energy is called a supercapacitor car. The supercapacitor has an electric double layer structure composed of activated carbon porous electrode and electrolyte, and has a super-large capacitance; It has the advantages of fast charging, long cycle life, strong high-current discharge ability, high power density and so on, and it does not produce pollution in the process of manufacturing and use, so it is a green power supply.

24.？ Bus Week and Car Free Day? What is the activity?

In order to save fuel and reduce harmful gas emissions, France first launched this project on 1998? World Car Free Day? Activities. Up to now, more than 1000 cities around the world have carried out this activity. Since 2007, the city has been launched in China from September 65438 to June 22 every year. Bus Week and Car Free Day? . During the activity, the public are encouraged to travel by public transport, walking or cycling.

25. Why should we vigorously develop urban public transport?

Urban public transport has incomparable advantages in occupying road space, energy consumption and reducing environmental pollution. If 100 passengers are transported in urban areas, compared with cars, the road occupation length is only110, the fuel consumption is only 1/6, and the harmful gas emitted is only about116. However, at present, the proportion of public transportation in urban travel is only 20%, and the limited road resources are occupied by a large number of private vehicles, and the degree of congestion is increasing. It is urgent to vigorously develop urban public transport.

26. How to save energy in energy-saving houses?

Energy-saving houses save energy through strict thermal insulation design. Setting up wall insulation and insulation doors and windows is equivalent to putting them on the building? Cotton jacket; Setting the roof insulation layer is equivalent to putting it on the building? Winter hat? ; The water supply pipe is wrapped in warm material, which is equivalent to putting the water supply pipe on? Winter clothes? . These measures have greatly improved the thermal insulation performance of the house. In addition, strengthening the air tightness and heat insulation of air-conditioning ventilation pipes, installing solar water heaters, equipped with reclaimed water facilities and rainwater storage systems, central heating, and paying attention to the rational configuration of air conditioners can save energy.

27. What is an ecological building?

The so-called ecological building means that the building is regarded as an ecosystem, and by organizing (designing) various physical elements of the internal and external space of the building, the matter and energy are transformed in an orderly cycle within the building ecosystem, so as to obtain an efficient, low-consumption, waste-free, pollution-free and ecologically balanced building environment. Ecological buildings are necessarily energy-saving buildings, but their ecological standards are higher.

28. What is low-emissivity glass?

Low emissivity glass is the abbreviation of low emissivity coated glass, which is named because the coated layer has extremely low surface emissivity. It can reflect more than 80% of far infrared radiation and has a good function of blocking the transmission of thermal radiation. It is a new building energy-saving product.

29. How to transform old doors and windows to save energy?

The insulating glass film can be directly attached to ordinary single-layer glass. This method is simple and effective, saving energy by about 15%, but it has some influence on solar irradiation in winter. In the case of plastic steel doors and windows, single-layer glass can be replaced with insulating glass.

30. What is a dimmer switch?

Generally speaking, a switch has only two states: on and off. The appearance of the dimmer switch is basically the same as that of the ordinary switch, except that there is an additional dimmer, which can adjust the brightness of the light from maximum to minimum as needed. It can save electricity and prolong the life of light bulbs, but it is only suitable for incandescent lamps.

3 1. How to make buildings make full use of sunlight

In architectural design, we should pay full attention to natural lighting, and when necessary, we can use the light deflection and light guidance system to introduce sunlight from outside the building into the room. Taking natural lighting as an example, the whole building can be designed according to the principle of low in the south and high in the north. The atrium roof can be opened with transparent glass skylights, and bright sunlight can enter through the skylights.

32. How to install a solar water heater

The main body of the solar water heater should be facing the sun, and the left and right sides and the front roof should be unobstructed; The exhaust port at the upper part of the water tank shall not be blocked to avoid the expansion or deflation of the water tank due to poor exhaust; The outdoor pipeline should be as short as possible, and it is best to use aluminum-plastic composite pipe or PVC reinforced pipe, with rubber-plastic insulation pipe outside first, and then use thicker polystyrene material for insulation. Generally installed by manufacturers or professionals.

33. Why can green roofs reduce building energy consumption?

Building a green roof with high-standard waterproof and heat insulation materials can usually make the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor reach 3~5℃, because the water and soil plants it cultivates can increase the air humidity, reduce the radiant heat of the roof and weaken the city? Heat island effect? It provides a good prescription for energy saving.

34. What is an efficient and energy-saving solar greenhouse?

High-efficiency and energy-saving solar greenhouse is a supporting device with improved design, which has more reasonable lighting and better insulation. For example, the angle between the south facade of the shed and the ground was improved, and the effective lighting time was increased by 33%~50%; The white foam arc wall is adopted in the northern part of the greenhouse, which not only keeps warm, but also reflects concentrated light and heat to crops, making it a more energy-saving vegetable (flower) greenhouse.

35. Why solar energy? Hydrogen energy buildings are more energy efficient.

Solar energy is pollution-free, but its stability is poor. Hydrogen is stable, but hydrogen production requires a lot of energy. Solar energy? Hydrogen energy buildings rely on solar energy to generate hydrogen, which is a renewable energy source, and can provide electricity at any time according to demand to achieve energy self-sufficiency. It is a higher form of energy-saving building.

36. why Is there gold in the garbage?

There are a lot of renewable resources in garbage, which can turn waste into treasure. For example, recycling 1 ton of waste glass and smelting to produce a glass as big as a basketball court can save 20% of the cost, 10 ton of coal, 400 kwh of electricity, 720 kg of quartz sand and 250 kg of soda ash. Moreover, there is really gold in the garbage, and non-ferrous metals such as gold can be extracted from e-waste.

37. What are the benefits of recycling waste paper for energy saving?

After waste paper is classified, it can be made into all kinds of cheap and fine pulp to produce all kinds of recycled paper. According to estimates, for every 6,543,800 tons of waste paper produced, more than 8,000 tons of pulp can be produced, 30,000 cubic meters of wood can be saved, 6,543,800 tons of standard coal can be saved, 6,543,800 cubic meters of water can be saved, more than 900,000 cubic meters of waste water can be discharged less, and 6 million kWh of electricity can be saved. Waste paper is called? Forest resources in the city? .

38. Why should garbage be classified?

Garbage sorting is a widely used method in the world. Only by sorting the garbage can we sort out the toxic and harmful garbage for special treatment and sort out the usable garbage for recycling. It is the key link to realize the harmlessness, reduction and resource utilization of garbage.

39. How to classify garbage?

Domestic garbage can be divided into: non-recyclable garbage? Peel, vegetable peel, leftovers, spoiled food, etc. ; Recyclable garbage? All kinds of waste paper, waste plastic, waste metal, waste glass, waste rubber, waste fabric, etc. ; Hazardous waste? Waste batteries, waste fluorescent tubes, mercury thermometers, waste paint, expired drugs, printer cartridges, etc. Some communities in Shanghai have tried to use red, black, green and blue trash cans to store harmful waste, recyclable garbage and other garbage respectively.

40. why Waste plastic is also a treasure?

Waste plastics are called by modern economists? The second mineral deposit of mankind? . Plastics are chemical products extracted from natural petroleum, which is the lifeblood of modern industry and is also a non-renewable natural gas energy. After recycling waste plastics, various plastics and petrochemical products can be regenerated through technical treatment.

4 1. Why try not to use disposable articles for daily use?

China's per capita resources are few, and a large number of disposable articles are used to accelerate resource consumption and cause environmental pollution. Garbage produced by non-degradable disposable articles for daily use will not rot after being buried in the soil for hundreds of years, seriously affecting cultivated land.

42. How to reduce the use of disposable daily necessities?

Use plastic lunch boxes instead of paper lunch boxes; Try to use porcelain cups and glasses instead of paper cups; Bring your own shopping bag when shopping on the street, and take less plastic bags; Eating out with chopsticks and spoons is hygienic and environmentally friendly; Use handkerchiefs instead of paper towels; Reuse old plastic bags as much as possible.

43. How to use soap skills

Make soap head into hand sanitizer. The method is to cut the soap head into thin strips with a knife, put it in an iron can and add a proper amount of water; Heat the tin can with low fire to dissolve the soap bar; After cooling, add some perfume or disinfectant, pour it into the hand sanitizer bottle and use it.

44. How to use the cover of notebook artificial leather?

In order to protect notebooks from being damaged when they are used or carried, many notebooks are made of artificial leather. After the notebook is written, the artificial leather cover with moderate hardness can be removed from the notebook as a mouse pad and can be cut according to your own needs and preferences.

45. How to use discarded fruit juice plastic bottles?

The plastic bottle after drinking juice can be used as a travel cup. Cut off the top half of the fruit juice plastic bottle and use it as a funnel. Sometimes it can be used as a vase to decorate the family.

46. What if there is a heat source in the air-conditioned area?

Heat sources in air-conditioned areas, such as lighting, cooling equipment and solar radiation, should be minimized. If there is a large heat source in the air conditioning area, and it is impossible to transfer or reduce the calorific value, measures such as local exhaust, back air supply or peripheral heat insulation can be taken to minimize the influence of heat source on the refrigeration efficiency of air conditioning.

47. What is the ice (water) cold storage air conditioning system?

This is a new air conditioning system. In the period of low power consumption (late at night), it uses the refrigerator for refrigeration, stores cold energy in the form of ice (low temperature water), and then releases cold energy in the peak period of power consumption (daytime) to meet the requirements of building air conditioning and refrigeration.

48. How to choose heating energy correctly?

Choose heat energy with high utilization rate and good economic benefit. If gas is used as heat source during heat treatment, the energy utilization rate is about 3 times that of electric heating.

49. What effective measures can reduce line loss?

Distribution transformers should be arranged in the load center as far as possible to reduce circuitous power supply and shorten the length of distribution lines; Reasonable arrangement of load distribution, so that the three-phase load approaches balance; Through local reactive power compensation and improving the natural power factor of the load, the load power factor is improved; Reasonably increase the line operating voltage; The transmission line adopts reasonable economic current density.

50. What solar heating equipment are there?

Solar energy is an inexhaustible renewable energy source in nature. Solar water heater, solar water heater, solar water heater, solar dryer, etc. They are all devices that use solar energy to heat.