What should be paid attention to in the construction of rural self-built houses

"The most important thing for farmers to build their own houses is quality and safety." It is best for farmers to choose masons without craftsman certificates when building their own houses, because this is the most prone to quality problems; There are also building materials, such as cement and steel bars. Be sure to buy regular products, otherwise, it will also endanger quality and safety; In the construction, we must strictly follow the operation specifications. The specific precautions are as follows-awnings, cantilever beams, awnings and cantilever beams in external eaves gutter are common cantilever members, and their stress mode is tension at the upper part, so the stressed steel bars must be placed at the top. The bottom formwork support can only be removed when the concrete strength reaches above 95%. The most common mistake in construction is to put the stressed steel bar at the bottom, which leads to cracks at the top of the beam slab and serious collapse after formwork removal. Structural columns and frame columns mainly play the role of Rachel wall in the structure and do not bear the structural load. Frame columns mainly bear structural loads-vertical pressure and bending moment. Generally speaking, the section size of frame columns is larger than that of constructional columns, and the number of steel bars in columns is also larger than that of constructional columns. The connection between the constructional column and the wall adopts the horse-tooth fork type, and the connection between the frame column and the wall adopts the vertical reserved Rachel reinforcement type. Therefore, we must pay attention to the difference between the two in construction. Simply supported beams and frame beams are beams with both ends supported on bearings such as brick masonry, and their longitudinal reinforcement is placed under the beams. Frame beam is a beam whose two ends are supported on supports such as frame columns, and its longitudinal reinforcement is disposed at the upper part of the beam at the support and at the lower part of the beam in the middle of the span. During site construction, it is important to pay attention to the placement position of longitudinal reinforcement to prevent materials from being used, not in the right position, causing potential safety hazards or waste. Cast-in-place floor slab With the development of economy, cast-in-place structure is widely used in rural residential floor slab. Attention should be paid to the placement of steel bars in the cast-in-place slab: the steel bars at the top and bottom of the slab should be placed evenly according to the design spacing. In the process of steel binding, the steel bar at the top of the slab often bends down due to trampling, so the position of the steel bar at the top of the slab should be corrected before pouring concrete. The steel bar at the bottom of the plate should be padded with pebbles about 30 mm in size, so that there is a certain gap between the steel bar and the template to avoid the exposure of the steel bar at the bottom of the plate. Wall wall is the load-bearing and maintenance structure in the house. There are holes left by external scaffolding Rachel on the external wall. Before painting, the holes must be blocked with bricks, and then painted with cement mortar, otherwise this part is easy to seep. Masonry should be staggered up and down, with internal and external masonry, and adopt the masonry form of one shun ding yi. Mortar for mortar joint masonry shall be full, and head joint shall be full, and there shall be no bright holes. Demolition time of cast-in-place structure formwork support, cast-in-place structure formwork support can only be dismantled after cast-in-place reinforced concrete reaches a certain strength. Cantilever structure can only be dismantled when the cast-in-place reinforced concrete reaches 100% (generally it takes more than 28 days). The location of construction joint lien is specified as follows: 1, beam: no construction joint should be left on the main beam; The construction joint of the secondary beam should be left at the bisector of the secondary beam span. Cantilever members shall be cast integrally with the structure to which they are connected. 2. Column: The construction joint is left 30mm below the elevation of beam bottom or at the elevation of beam slab.