What are the sow breeds? What kind of sow is easy to raise? How much is a sow?

That is, the first generation of hybrid (growing or growing) sows produced by crossbreeding Landrace with Landrace or Landrace with Landrace.

Binary sows whose parents come from different exotic breeds are called "foreign binary sows".

Exogenous sow refers to a hybrid sow produced by crossing two imported pigs, such as Yorkshire× Landrace, Yorkshire× Sieger, Duroc× Yorkshire, Duroc× Landrace, etc. This kind of external binary sow has the advantages of large size, high lean meat rate, moderate litter size, plump posture, strong limbs, straight back and waist, no hoof and no diarrhea. Under good feeding conditions, it has high production performance and market price, and most farms and farmers like to raise basic sows.

The representative breeds of pigs can be divided into two categories: local breeds and cultivated breeds. Local varieties refer to some ancient varieties that originated in China and have a long cultivation history, and are suitable for farming in rural areas. Cultivated varieties are new varieties bred by crossing local varieties and imported varieties in China since the founding of New China.

Local varieties

There are 64 local varieties, which are divided into North China, South China, Central China, Jianghai, Southwest China and Plateau.

North China type, such as Min pig in the northeast, Bamei pig in the northwest and Huanghuaihai black pig.

South China type, such as Guangdong and Guangxi Xiaohua pig, Hainan pig, South Yunnan small ear pig and Xiang pig.

Central China type, such as Hunan Dazhaizi pig, Ningxiang pig, Central China Liangtouwu pig, Zhejiang Jinhua pig, Guangdong Dabaihua pig, etc.

Jianghai type such as Taihu pig and Jiangqu sea pig.

Southwest type such as Wujin pig, Neijiang pig and Rongchang pig.

Plateau type is like Tibetan fragrant pig.

cultivated variety

There are more than 20 breeds in China, including Harbin White Pig, Shanghai White Pig, Yili White Pig, Ganzhou White Pig, Hanzhong White Pig, Sanjiang White Pig, Xinjin Pig, Xinhuai Pig, Beijing Black Pig, Shanxi Black Pig, Northeast Flower Pig, Pan-agricultural Flower Pig and Beijing Spots.

There are four major pig breeds in the world today, which are famous for their fast growth rate, high feed conversion rate, high carcass lean meat rate, wide distribution and large feeding capacity. They are Yorkshire, Landrace, Duroc and Hampton.

1, Yorkshire pig, also known as large white pig, is native to England. All white, big and well-proportioned, muscular, plump hind legs and buttocks, long head and neck, slightly sunken face, erect ears and weighing 300 kg. Good reproductive performance, fast weight gain, high feed utilization rate, good carcass quality and good meat quality.

2. Landrace pig, originally from Denmark, lean meat type. All white, large and streamlined, with light head and shoulders, developed hindquarters and straight back and abdomen. The nose and mouth are slender, the ears are leaning forward, and the limbs are tall and thin. Good reproductive performance, fast weight gain, high feed utilization rate and good carcass quality, but inferior meat is often produced due to stress before slaughter.

3, Duroc pig, Duroc, native to the United States, fresh and tender meat. The coat is brown and red, the body is big and thick, the back and abdomen are straight, the muscles are developed, and the ears are semi-upright. Easy to feed, fast growth and development, high feed utilization rate, good meat quality and low reproductive performance.

4. Hampton pig, Hampshire, native to the United States, fresh meat type. There is a white belt around the shoulders and forelimbs, and the rest is black. Fast growth, high feed utilization rate, good meat quality and low fecundity.

There are many breeds suitable for raising sows in China, but which one is suitable for you depends on the breeding situation in your area and the purpose of raising sows:

If commercial piglets are produced, it is better to be a binary sow, and it is better to be a binary sow produced by mating landrace and large white sow. This binary sow crosses with Dudok boar to produce ternary hybrid lean-meat commercial pig, which has fast growth speed, high ketone body lean-meat rate and high feed reward. However, this sow has high requirements for feeding conditions.

If you are in a mountainous area with underdeveloped economy and extensive feeding management, in order to make full use of local agricultural and sideline products to feed pigs, it is recommended that you raise local sows, because local sows are more resistant to rough feeding, have strong adaptability and have a high number of offspring. This kind of sow mated with excellent boar and gave birth to excellent piglets, which has the hybrid advantage of local pigs and boars, tender meat and delicious taste.

Variety selection

1. Selection of breeds according to technical level: Piggery with high technical level and large scale should choose breeds imported from abroad because of their fast growth and high lean meat rate. However, local varieties have strong adaptability, rough feeding tolerance, good motherhood and obvious estrus.

2. Choose breeds according to feed resources: If pigs are raised with complete feed, it is best to choose imported foreign blood breeds, while if there are many cheap green roughage, you can choose local or hybrid breeds. According to experience, the digestibility of crude fiber and other coarse feed of local varieties is obviously higher than that of imported varieties. If full-price feed is used, the feed reward of imported varieties is better than that of local varieties.

3. Choose varieties according to the sales target: those who raise big fat pigs: If they mainly sell locally or in rural areas, they can consider choosing local varieties or hybrid varieties, because these varieties have good meat quality and are suitable for rural consumption habits. However, in big cities, it is necessary to choose imported varieties with relatively high lean meat rate to sell at a good price.

4. Choose breeds according to slaughter specifications: For selling suckling pigs as roast pigs, it is recommended to use local breeds that are relatively easy to manage and mature, such as Taihu pig and Meishan pig. Or use the first generation hybrids of these varieties (which can not only keep the characteristics of more litter, but also change the color channel of fur). For middle-aged pigs (about 45 kg) processed in slaughterhouses, hybrids can be selected. Because the hybrid's body shape and lean meat rate can meet the requirements of being a pig, the management technology is relatively easy. However, it is best to choose late-maturing and larger varieties for selling big fat pigs. Generally speaking, these varieties are superior to early-maturing small varieties in growth rate and feed reward because of their late reproductive development.

The price of sows varies from place to place. Different places of origin, varieties and specifications have different prices. Generally speaking, the price of a sow is mostly between 2200 and 2500 yuan. Of course, some places may cost 3,000 to 4,000 yuan, and the price of a sow may cost several hundred yuan. The price of landrace sows and large white sows in Shandong is 3,900 yuan/head, that of landrace sows and large white sows in Hebei is 2,200 yuan/head, and that of landrace sows and large white sows in Shanxi is 2,500 yuan/head.

How to choose sows?

1, the book says that it is good to choose "lively and quick-witted", but it should be noted that some pigs are particularly quick-witted and their eyes will be frightened when they see people hiding far away. These pigs often have a bad temper when they are adults. When they are slightly frightened, they jump up, and some even attack or even kill newborn piglets. Others will miscarry during pregnancy.

2. About the number and position of nipples: Simply emphasizing multiple nipples is one-sided. The most important thing is that the size and distribution of nipples should be symmetrical; In fact, in actual production, nipples above 12 are enough, because there are not many piglets that can bring out more than 12 in a litter, and sows produced in large-scale pig farms can also be adjusted (fostered) at the same time, and can be fed in batches if necessary. However, the distribution must be uniform and the size should be as consistent as possible. If the nipples are large in different positions and sparsely distributed, there will be more milk in the future, but the density will be relatively small, and there will be less lactation in the future, which will cause uneven size of piglets at weaning. As for a single nipple (called Trojan milk in rural areas) or a pair of nipples? I don't think it is necessary to think about it. The concept of single nipple is that nipples are staggered, and piglets will not squeeze each other when feeding. In fact, the sow's breast tissue is very elastic, and the paired nipple piglets will not squeeze each other when feeding.

3. Hip: "Double muscle hip" is relative to strain. Don't simply pursue a particularly large hip, which is outstanding in the same strain. These pigs often have genetic mutations, and some are even masculine. First of all, it is difficult to reproduce under natural mating conditions. Secondly, the estrus of this mutant pig is not obvious or abnormal, and the litter size is small.

4. Abdominal size: In the same breed, I think a relatively large abdomen is better than a small one. Abdominal atrophy should not be reserved for seed use. Piglets with moderate abdominal size have relatively large activity space and relaxed environment during pregnancy, so they have more litters and greater birth weight. Pigs born in early summer are too small to miscarry easily.

5, pudendal shape: pudendal requirements of moderate size, normal development. It's a little bigger but not slack, but it doesn't feel swollen. The female tip is not vertical, and the lines are straight.

Sow mating 1. Single mating

Sows mate with boars in estrus. Its advantage is that the number of boars used is small, but the conception rate and litter size are slightly lower than those of repeated mating boars.

2. Duplicate matching

Sows mate with boars in estrus, and the interval between the second mating with the same boars is 12 ~ 18 hours. This breeding method ensures that there are enough capacitated sperm in the fallopian tube during fertilization, and its pregnancy rate and litter size can be guaranteed, and it is easy to record the parent-child relationship of offspring.

3. Double matching

It is that a sow mates with two boars every 15 ~ 20 minutes in a mating period. The advantage of this breeding method is that it increases the choice of eggs and the chances of fertilization with sperm from different genetic backgrounds. Therefore, it is helpful to improve the fertilization rate of sow eggs.

4. Multiple breeding

Estrus occurs every 12- 18 hours, until the sow has no standing reflex in front of the boar. This breeding method has a large workload and a large demand for boars. This method is helpful to improve the conception rate when sows are not familiar with estrus.

According to the different physiological stages of sows, the construction of sow houses can be divided into empty sow houses and nursing sow houses.

(1) Empty sow houses and empty sow houses. The sow houses can be single-row (with sports ground), double-row and multi-row. Empty pregnant and pregnant sows can be raised in groups or separately. In group rearing, 4 ~ 5 sows are empty and 2 ~ 4 sows are pregnant. This way saves pens and improves the utilization rate of piggery. Breeding empty sows can induce estrus each other, but estrus is not easy to check; Pregnant sows are prone to stillbirth and miscarriage due to competition for food and biting racks. When empty pregnant sows and pregnant sows are raised alone (in the enclosure), it is easy to identify estrus, facilitate breeding, and be beneficial to the maintenance of pregnancy and quantitative feeding of pregnant sows. The disadvantage is that the exercise of sows is small, the pregnancy rate of sows has a downward trend, and the limb and hoof disease has also increased, which affects the utilization period of sows. When feeding in columns, empty sows can be raised with boars, and 4 ~ 5 sow columns correspond to one boar column, so there is no need to set up special breeding columns. When feeding pregnant sows, they can also use pens to feed them. When feeding, pigs enter the small pens, but they usually move freely in the big pens. A certain amount of activity during pregnancy can reduce the limb and hoof disease and dystocia of sows and prolong their service life. Piggery occupies less land and has high utilization rate, but there are many chances of fighting and collision between pigs raised in big pens, which may easily lead to stillbirth and miscarriage.

(2) Nursing sow house Nursing sow house is usually raised in three aisle, double row and unit mode. The nursing sow house is used for sow delivery and feeding piglets, and its design should not only meet the needs of sows, but also take into account the requirements of piglets. The suitable temperature for sow delivery is 16 ~ 18℃. Neonatal piglets have poor thermoregulation and are afraid of cold. The suitable temperature is 29 ~ 32℃. When the temperature is low, they keep warm by squeezing sows or squeezing each other, which often leads to the phenomenon of being trampled to death by sows. According to this feature, the confinement area of sows and the activity fence of piglets should be set in the delivery fence of nursing sow house. The middle part is the sow restricted area, which is generally 0.6 ~ 0.65 meters wide, with piglets pens on both sides. Piglet feeding trough and incubator are generally set in the piglet activity column, and the incubator uses heated floor, infrared lamp or hot air blower to provide local heating for piglets.