What are the differences and changes between the 20 1 1 version and the previous version?

20 1 1 Version of Chinese Curriculum Standard

The first part is the preface.

Modern society requires citizens to have good humanities literacy, innovative spirit, cooperative consciousness and broad vision, basic skills of reading, understanding, expression and communication, and the ability to collect and process information by using modern technology. Education in China should and can play an important role in cultivating the new generation needed by modern society. (Facing the needs of social development) In order to meet the needs of social progress and students' self-development, Chinese education must be systematically reformed in terms of curriculum objectives and contents, teaching concepts and learning methods, and evaluation purposes and methods.

The Chinese curriculum reform of nine-year compulsory education should be guided by Marxism and scientific education theory, sum up the success and failure of Chinese education in China, learn from the experience of mother tongue education reform in other countries, follow the laws of Chinese education, and strive to build a Chinese curriculum suitable for the development of modern society, which will play a positive role in cultivating students' ideological and moral quality, scientific and cultural quality, carrying forward and cultivating national spirit, and enhancing national creativity and cohesion. (play its due role. )

First, the nature and status of the curriculum

Chinese is the most important communication tool and an important part of human culture. The unity of instrumentality and humanism is the basic feature of Chinese curriculum.

Chinese course should be devoted to the foundation of students' all-round development and lifelong development. The multiple functions and basic functions of Chinese course determine its important position in the nine-year compulsory education stage.

Second, the basic concepts of the curriculum

(A) comprehensively improve students' Chinese literacy

The Chinese course in the nine-year compulsory education stage must be geared to all students, so that students can acquire basic Chinese literacy. Chinese course should cultivate students' thoughts and feelings of loving the language and characters of the motherland, guide students to correctly understand and use the language and characters of the motherland, enrich language accumulation, cultivate language sense, develop thinking, broaden their horizons, initially master the basic methods of learning Chinese, and form good study habits. Make them have the ability of literacy, writing, reading, writing and oral communication to meet the actual needs. Chinese courses should also focus on improving students' moral cultivation and aesthetic taste, so that they can gradually form a good personality and a sound personality, and promote the harmonious development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty.

(B) correctly grasp the characteristics of Chinese education

The rich humanistic connotation of Chinese curriculum has a profound influence on students' spiritual field, and students' reactions to Chinese materials are often varied. Therefore, we should pay attention to the influence of Chinese, the value orientation of teaching content, and the unique experience of students in the learning process.

Chinese is a practical course, so we should focus on cultivating students' Chinese practical ability, and the main way to cultivate this ability should also be Chinese practice, rather than deliberately pursuing the systematicness and integrity of Chinese knowledge. Chinese is also a mother tongue education course, and learning resources and practical opportunities are everywhere. Therefore, students should be more directly exposed to Chinese materials and master the rules of using Chinese in a large number of Chinese exercises.

Chinese courses should also consider the influence of Chinese characteristics on literacy, writing, reading, oral communication and students' thinking development, and pay special attention to cultivating a good sense of language and overall grasp ability in teaching.

(3) Actively advocate independent, cooperative and inquiry learning methods.

Students are the main body of learning and development. Chinese curriculum must be based on the characteristics of students' physical and mental development and Chinese learning, pay attention to students' individual differences and different learning needs, cherish students' curiosity and thirst for knowledge, fully stimulate students' initiative and enterprising spirit, and advocate independent, cooperative and inquiry learning methods. The determination of teaching content, the selection of teaching methods and the design of evaluation methods should all contribute to the formation of this learning method.

Comprehensive Chinese learning is conducive to improving students' Chinese literacy in an all-round way in independent activities that students are interested in. It is an important way to cultivate students' initiative to explore, unite and cooperate, and be brave in innovation, and should be actively advocated.

(4) Strive to build an open and dynamic Chinese curriculum.

Chinese curriculum should inherit the excellent tradition of Chinese education and face the world and the future. It is necessary to broaden the fields of Chinese learning and application, pay attention to interdisciplinary learning and the application of modern scientific and technological means, so that students can broaden their horizons and improve their learning efficiency through the intersection, infiltration and integration of different contents and methods, and initially acquire the Chinese practical ability needed by modern society.

Chinese curriculum should be open and innovative, pay close attention to the development of students and the changes of social real life, meet the needs of different regions, schools and students as much as possible, and constantly adjust and update its development according to the needs of society. We should pay close attention to the informatization process of contemporary society and promote the reform and development of Chinese curriculum. Establish curriculum objectives that meet the needs of the times, develop corresponding curriculum resources, and form a relatively stable and flexible implementation mechanism.

Third, the design ideas of curriculum standards

1, and the overall design of the course goal is nine years. Under the "overall goal", the curriculum standard puts forward the "stage goal" according to the four stages of 1-2, 3-4, 5-6 and 7-9, which embodies the integrity and stage of Chinese curriculum.

2. The curriculum objectives are designed according to three dimensions: knowledge and ability, process and method, emotional attitude and values. The three aspects are mutually infiltrated and integrated, and pay attention to the overall improvement of Chinese literacy. Each study section is interrelated and spirals up, and finally the overall goal is fully realized.

3. The stage goal puts forward requirements from four aspects: literacy and spelling, reading, writing (1-2 grade writing, 3-6 grade practice) and oral communication. The curriculum standard also puts forward the requirement of "all-round learning" to strengthen the connection between Chinese curriculum and other courses and life, and promote the all-round promotion and coordinated development of students' Chinese literacy.

4. In the "implementation suggestion" part of the curriculum standard, the principles, methods and strategies of implementation are put forward for the compilation of teaching materials, the development and utilization of curriculum resources, teaching and evaluation, which also leaves room for specific implementation.

The second part of the curriculum objectives

First, the overall goal

1. In the process of Chinese learning, cultivate patriotic feelings and socialist moral quality, gradually form a positive attitude towards life and correct values, and improve cultural taste and aesthetic taste.

2. Understand the richness of China culture and absorb the wisdom of national culture. Care about contemporary cultural life, respect multiculturalism and absorb the nutrition of excellent human culture.

3. Cultivate the emotion of loving Chinese, cultivate self-confidence and good habits in Chinese learning, and master the most basic Chinese learning methods.

4. While developing language ability, develop thinking ability, stimulate imagination and creative potential. Gradually develop a scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts and advocating true knowledge, and initially master scientific thinking methods.

5. Be able to actively carry out inquiry learning and learn and use Chinese in practice.

6. Learn Chinese Pinyin. Can speak Mandarin. Know about 3500 commonly used Chinese characters. Can write Chinese characters correctly and neatly, and has a certain speed.

7. Have the ability to read independently, pay attention to emotional experience, have rich accumulation, and form a good sense of language. Learn to use a variety of reading methods. Be able to understand and appreciate literary works, be influenced by noble sentiments and interests, develop their personality and enrich their spiritual world. Can read simple classical Chinese with the help of reference books. The total amount of extracurricular reading in nine years should be more than 4 million words.

8. Be able to express your meaning in a specific and clear way. Be able to write in common words according to the needs of daily life.

9. Have the basic ability of daily oral communication, learn to listen, express and communicate in various communication activities, initially learn to conduct interpersonal communication and social interaction in a civilized way, and develop a spirit of cooperation.

10, learn to use common language reference books. Initially have the ability to collect and process information.

Second, the stage goal

The first phase (grade 1-2)

Literacy and writing

1, likes learning Chinese characters and has the desire to read actively.

2. Know the commonly used Chinese characters (1600-1800)1600, in which (800- 1000)800 can be written.

3. Master the basic strokes and common radicals of Chinese characters, be able to write with hard pen according to the rules of stroke order, and pay attention to the shelf structure. Feel the beauty of Chinese characters.

4. Develop correct writing posture and good writing habits, and write in a standardized, correct and neat way.

5. Learn Chinese Pinyin. Can read initials, finals, tones and syllables as a whole. Can spell syllables accurately and write initials, finals and syllables correctly. Know capital letters and remember Chinese Pinyin.

6. Be able to read Chinese characters with the help of Chinese Pinyin. You can use word order (and radical index) to look up dictionaries and learn to read independently.

read

1, I like reading and feel the pleasure of reading.

2. Learn to read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin.

3. Learn to read silently. Be quiet and don't read. )

4. Read with the help of the pictures in the reading materials.

5. Understand the meaning of words and phrases in the text in combination with the context and real life, and accumulate words and phrases in reading.

6. Read shallow fairy tales, fables and stories, yearn for beautiful situations, care about nature and life, have their own feelings and ideas about people and things of interest, and are willing to communicate with others.

7. Read nursery rhymes, nursery rhymes and simple ancient poems, expand your imagination, get a preliminary emotional experience and feel the beauty of language.

8. Know the common punctuation marks in the text. In reading, experience the different moods expressed by periods, question marks and exclamation marks.

9. Accumulate your favorite idioms and aphorisms. Recite 50 poems (paragraphs).

10, love books, love books.

③ Write words.

1, interested in writing, write what you want to say. Write about imaginary things, and write about your own understanding and feelings about things around you. )

2. Willing to use words learned in reading and words from life in writing.

3. Learn to use commas, periods, question marks and exclamation points according to the needs of expression.

Oral communication

1, learn to speak Mandarin and gradually develop the habit of speaking Mandarin.

2. Be able to listen to others carefully and try to understand the main content of the speech.

3. Listen to stories and watch audio-visual works, and repeat the main idea and wonderful plot.

4. Be able to tell short stories completely and briefly tell what you are interested in.

When you talk with others, you are naturally generous and polite.

6. Confidence in expression. Actively participate in the discussion and express your views on topics of interest.

Comprehensive learning

1, curious about the surrounding things, able to ask questions about the content of interest, combined with reading in and out of class, * * * and discussion.

2, combined with Chinese learning, observe nature, and express your observations orally or graphically.

3. Actively participate in campus and community activities. Combine activities and express your knowledge and ideas orally or graphically.

The second stage (grade 3-4)

Literacy and writing

1. Have a strong interest in learning Chinese characters and develop the habit of active literacy.

2. Accumulate 2500 commonly used Chinese characters, of which (2000) 1800 can write.

3. I can look up dictionaries through radicals, use dictionaries and dictionaries, and have a preliminary independent literacy ability.

4. Be able to skillfully use hard pen to write block letters, so as to be standardized, correct and tidy. Copy block letters with a brush.

5, where conditions permit, you can learn to input Chinese characters with the keyboard.

read

1. Read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin.

2. Learn to read silently at first. Don't make any noise, don't read, and ask questions about what you don't understand in the text.

3, can contact the context, understand the meaning of words, and understand the role of keywords in expressing emotions. Can understand the meaning of new words with the help of dictionaries, dictionaries and life accumulation.

4. Be able to grasp the main content of the article and understand the thoughts and feelings expressed in the article.

5. Be able to retell the theme of narrative works, feel the vivid images and beautiful language in the works, care about the fate and joys and sorrows of the characters in the works, and communicate their reading feelings with others.

6. In the process of understanding sentences, understand the different usages of periods and commas, and understand the general usages of colons and quotation marks.

7. Learn to skim and get a general understanding of the article.

8. Accumulate beautiful words and wonderful sentences in the text, as well as language materials obtained in extracurricular reading and life.

9. Read excellent poems, and pay attention to experience emotions and understand contents during reading. Recite 50 excellent poems (paragraphs).

10, get into the habit of reading books and newspapers, and collect and exchange books and materials with classmates. The total amount of extracurricular reading is not less than 400,000 words.

(3) Homework

1, pay attention to the things around you, be willing to express in words, and enhance the self-confidence of exercise.

2. Be able to write down what you see, feel and imagine in an informal way, and pay attention to what you find novel and interesting or most impressive and moving.

3. I am willing to read my homework to others and share my happiness in doing it with others.

4. You can communicate in writing with short letters and notes.

5. Try to use your accumulated language materials in practice, especially words with fresh feelings.

6. Use colons and quotation marks according to the needs of expression.

7. Learn to correct words with obvious mistakes in practice.

8. Practice in class about 16 times per academic year.

Oral communication

1, can speak Mandarin. Listen carefully in the conversation, (and ask people what they don't understand, and discuss different opinions with people. ) get into the habit of asking for advice and discussing with others.

2. The listener can grasp the main content and give a brief report.

3. Be able to tell stories clearly and tell your feelings and thoughts.

4. Be able to tell stories concretely and vividly. Try to impress others with words. )

Comprehensive learning

1, you can ask questions in your study and life, and collect information purposefully, * * * and discuss.

2. Combine Chinese learning, observe nature and society, and express your observations in words and orally.

3. Be able to organize interesting Chinese activities under the guidance of teachers, learn Chinese in the activities and learn to cooperate.

4. Try to use Chinese knowledge and ability to solve simple problems in family life and school life.

The third stage (grade 5-6)

Literacy and writing

1, strong independent literacy. Accumulated knowledge of 3000 commonly used Chinese characters, of which about 2500 can write.

2, hard pen writing regular script, neat lines, fast writing speed.

You can write regular script with a brush and experience the beauty of Chinese characters in writing.

read

1, can read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin.

2. Silent reading has a certain speed, and the silent reading of general books is not less than 300 words per minute.

3. Be able to read with the help of a dictionary, understand the proper meanings of words in the language environment, distinguish the emotional colors of words, and appreciate their expressive effects.

4. Infer the meanings of related words in the text and realize their expressive effects by connecting the context with their own accumulation.

5. Try to figure out the expression order of the article in reading, understand the author's thoughts and feelings, and initially understand the basic expression methods of the article. In communication and discussion, I dare to put forward my own opinions and make my own judgments.

6. After reading the explanatory article, you can grasp the main points and understand the basic explanation methods of the article.

7. Read the narrative works, understand the outline of the event, briefly describe the most impressive scenes, characters and details, and tell your feelings of likes, dislikes, reverence, yearning and sympathy. Read poetry, grasp poetry as a whole, imagine the situation described by poetry, and experience the poet's feelings. Influenced and inspired by excellent works, I yearn for and pursue beautiful ideals.

8. Learn to browse, expand knowledge and collect information as needed.

9. In the process of understanding the text, experience the different usages of pause, comma, semicolon and period.

10, read excellent poems, and pay attention to appreciate the content and emotion of the works through the tone and rhythm of the poems. Recite 60 excellent poems (paragraphs).

1 1, (try to make use of information channels such as library and internet for inquiry reading). Expand your reading range, and the total amount of extracurricular reading is not less than 6.5438+0 million words.

(3) Homework

1. Knowing how to write is for self-expression and communication.

2. Get into the habit of observing things around you, consciously enrich your knowledge, cherish your unique feelings and accumulate practice materials.

3. Be able to write simple facts and imaginary compositions with concrete content and true feelings. According to the needs of the expression of exercise content, it can be expressed in sections.

4. Learn to write reading notes and commonly used application articles.

5, according to the needs of expression, use common punctuation.

6. Revise your own exercises, and actively communicate with others about the revision opinions, so that the statements are fluent, the lines are correct, and the writing is standardized and neat.

7. Practice in class about 16 times per academic year. You can finish at least 400 words in 40 minutes. ) the movement should have a certain speed.

Oral communication

1, you can respect and understand each other when communicating with others.

2. Willing to participate in the discussion and dare to express their opinions.

3. Listen to others carefully and patiently, grasp the main points and report briefly.

4, the expression should be organized, and the tone should be appropriate.

5. Be able to make some preparations and make a simple speech according to the objects and occasions of communication.

6. Pay attention to the beauty of language in communication and resist uncivilized language.

Comprehensive learning

1. In order to solve the problems related to study and life, we use information channels such as libraries and networks to obtain information and try to write a simple research report.

2. Plan simple campus activities and social activities, discuss and analyze the planned themes, and learn to write activity plans and activity summaries.

3. Organize discussions and lectures on issues around you that everyone cares about, or stories and images in TV movies, and learn to distinguish right from wrong, good from evil.

4. Understand the basic methods of finding and using information.

The fourth stage (grades 7-9)

I。 Literacy and writing

1, can skillfully use the dictionary, can read the dictionary independently, and can use a variety of word retrieval methods. I have accumulated 3500 commonly used Chinese characters, of which about 3000 can write.

2. On the basis of skilled use of hard pen to write block letters, learn to write standard and popular block letters to improve writing speed.

3. Copy famous calligraphy and experience the aesthetic value of calligraphy.

Second, reading.

1, can read correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin.

2, develop the habit of silent reading, have a certain speed, reading general modern text not less than 500 words per minute.

3. Skillfully use skimming and browsing methods to expand reading scope and broaden horizons.

4. On the basis of reading the full text, clear your mind, understand the main content, appreciate and scrutinize the meaning and function of important words in the language environment.

I have my own experience in the content and expression of the text, I can get in and out of my own opinions and problems, and I can discuss difficult problems in a cooperative way.

6, understand the narrative, description, explanation, discussion, lyricism and other expressions in reading.

7. Be able to distinguish realistic works from fictional works and understand literary styles such as poetry, prose, novels and dramas.

8. When appreciating literary works, we can have our own emotional experience and initially understand the connotation of the works, from which we can get beneficial enlightenment to nature, society and life. The ideological and emotional tendency of the works can be evaluated in connection with the cultural background; Be able to tell his own experience of touching scenes and images in his works; Taste the expressive language in the works.

9. When reading scientific and technological works, pay attention to understanding the scientific spirit and scientific thinking method embodied in the works.

10, read simple argumentative papers, and distinguish opinions from materials (truth, facts, data, charts, etc.). ), find the connection between ideas and materials, and make judgments through your own thinking.

1 1. Read ancient poems, and consciously improve your appreciation taste and aesthetic taste through accumulation, perception and application.

12, reading simple classical Chinese, able to understand the basic content with the help of notes and reference books. Recite 80 excellent poems.

13, knowing basic grammar knowledge is helpful to understand the language difficulties in the text; Understand the commonly used rhetorical methods and their expressive effects in the text. Understand the works knowledge and cultural common sense of the important writers involved in this article.

14, you can use the library and network to collect the information and materials you need.

15, learn to make your own reading plan, read a wide range of books, the total amount of extracurricular reading is not less than 2.6 million words, and read two or three famous books every academic year.

Third, writing.

1. Consider different purposes and objects when writing.

2. Writing should be emotional and sincere, and strive to express your unique feelings and real experiences about nature, society and life.

3. Observe life from multiple angles, discover the richness of life, capture the characteristics of things, and strive to express creatively.

4. Choose the appropriate expression according to the expression center. Arrange the order and details of the content reasonably and express your meaning clearly. Use association and imagination to enrich the expression content.

5. Write a narrative to make the content concrete; Write a simple explanation to make it clear; Write a simple argumentative essay, and strive to be justified; Write daily practical articles according to the needs of life.

6, can extract the main information and abbreviations from the article; Be able to continue writing according to the internal connection of the article and your own reasonable imagination; You can change the style or expression of the article and rewrite it

7. Have the consciousness of independent writing, and pay attention to collecting materials, conceiving, drafting outlines, modifying and processing in the writing process.

8. Develop the habit of revising your own composition. When revising, we can make use of language sense and common sense of grammar and rhetoric to make the words orderly. You can exchange your writing experience with others, evaluate and revise your composition with each other, so as to share your feelings and exchange opinions.

9, can correctly use common punctuation.

10, the composition is generally not less than 14 times per academic year, and other writing exercises are not less than10,000 words. You can finish no less than 500 words in 45 minutes.

Fourth, oral communication.

1, can pay attention to objects and occasions, and learn to communicate in a civilized and decent way.

2. Listen patiently and intently, and understand each other's views and intentions according to their words, expressions and gestures.

3. Express your opinions confidently and responsibly, clearly, coherently and without deviating from the subject.

4, pay attention to the expression and tone, make the speech infectious and persuasive.

5. In the process of communication, pay attention to adjusting the content and way of expression according to needs, and constantly improve your coping ability.

6. Tell stories with concrete content and vivid language. Repeat, complete and accurate, and highlight the main points.

7. Be able to make impromptu speeches and prepared keynote speeches on appropriate topics, have their own opinions and have certain persuasiveness.

8. Discuss problems inside and outside the classroom and actively express opinions, which are centered, organized and well-founded. Be able to listen to the focus of discussion and express opinions in a targeted manner.

Comprehensive learning of verbs (abbreviation of verb)

1, can independently organize literary activities, and experience the joy of cooperation and success in the process of running journals, performances, discussions and other activities.

2. Be able to ask questions of interest in study and life, discuss with each other, choose research topics, make simple research plans, obtain relevant information from newspapers, books or other media, discuss and analyze problems, and write simple research reports independently or cooperatively.

3, care about the school, local and domestic and international events, on the hot issues of common concern, collect information, survey and visit, discuss with each other, and show the learning results in words, charts, pictures, photos, etc.

4. Master the basic methods of retrieving and quoting materials, and distinguish the main differences between original materials and indirect materials; Learn to indicate the source of quoted materials.