What's the use of past participles? What are the main sentence patterns and usages?

(1) The past participle can be used as attribute, predicative, object complement and adverbial.

As an attribute, for example, everyone attended the meeting held last week.

Note: 1) A single past participle can be placed before or after the modified word, but sometimes it has different meanings. Example:

1. In a given time.

Use the words given.

2. Expression of concern

The person concerned

* It is also common to use a single past participle as a postattribute:

Experience gained

The method adopted

2) The past participle, as the top word, indicates passive and completed actions. Example:

The power station built last year is a big one. The power station built last year is very big.

(3) As a predicative, for example, your article is well written.

Note: 1) The difference between the past participle used as predicative and the past participle used in passive voice:

* Used as a predicative past participle, the passive meaning is very weak, mainly indicating the completion and state of the action. At this time, the past participle is equivalent to an adjective, which is often not followed by a by phrase. Example:

All the windows are closed. No wonder it is so hot.

The past participle of passive voice has a strong sense of action, and the subject of the sentence is the receiver of action, often followed by "by+ actor". Example:

The window was closed by Li Ming last night.

2) Some past participles (such as: surprised, disapproving, excited, happy, etc. ) and others (such as: dressing, drunk, developed, lost, known, etc. ) expresses feelings and is often used as a predicate to express state. Some of them just indicate the state and have no passive meaning. Example:

I found that I was lost.

I have finished my homework.

(4) as an object complement, such as:

I'm glad to see that the child is well taken care of.

Note: 1) When the past participle is used as the object complement, it indicates that the action is completed, the state or

The whole process of action, and the logical relationship between object and object complement is passive.

2) The past participle of intransitive verbs is the object of tense, which has no passive meaning and only indicates the completion and state of the action. Example:

We found that the village has changed a lot.

(5) As an adverbial, it can indicate time, reason, condition, accompanying or way and result.

(6) The past participle of a transitive verb often indicates the passive meaning, and the person or thing it modifies is the receiver of the participle action.

(7) The past participle of intransitive verbs has no passive meaning, and only indicates the completion of the action. Example:

They looked up at the rising sun.

(8) There are many transitive verbs related to feelings in English. The present participle indicates the active meaning, that is, "people have a certain feeling", and the present participle and the head word form a logical subject-predicate relationship; Its past participle has a passive meaning, namely

People are induced to feel something. For example:

1) move, move, move

Exciting, exciting, exciting, exciting,

Excited

* Some transitive verbs have no strong passive meaning in past participles, and mainly express a state or result. Example:

I found him sitting in the front of the classroom.

Reference: Handbook of Basic English Knowledge.