Microfinance knowledge

I. China Microfinance Forum for 60 People "China Microfinance Forum for 60 People" is an unofficial and non-profit academic research institution dedicated to the theory and practice of microfinance. With a forward-looking vision and a spirit of exploration, the forum consolidates the academic foundation of microfinance in China, explores the frontier topics in the field of microfinance, promotes the reform practice of microfinance industry in China, and contributes to the development and prosperity of inclusive finance, China.

Two. Alibaba Group, Ali Microfinance Services Group, announced on March 7, 20 13 that it was preparing to establish Ali Microfinance Services Group. The main business scope of Ali Microfinance Services Group includes payment, microfinance, insurance, guarantee and other fields. Through a platform of Alibaba, help small and micro enterprises realize species diversity, provide tools for online merchants, and support online merchants to face consumers; Through the small and micro financial services group, we provide countless small enterprises and consumers with various services they need, such as funds, payment and guarantee, to support their survival and development.

Peng Lei is the CEO of Microfinance Service Group. According to media reports, the company operation of Ali Microfinance Services Group comes from four aspects. First, it owns two small loan companies in Zhejiang and Chongqing, with a total registered capital of 654.38+0.6 billion yuan; The second is to finance banks; Third, asset securitization; Fourth, it will be open to more and more banks.

Previously, Ma Yun, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Alibaba Group, had expounded the three stages of Ali's future development: platform, finance and data. At the beginning of 20 13, Alibaba group was reorganized into 25 business groups, and the platform business was basically determined.

The establishment of Ali Microfinance Services Group means the beginning of the second phase. In this system, the most important concept is "credit equals wealth", and "openness, transparency, responsibility, sharing and interaction" are the core values.

Ma Yun, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Alibaba Group, said: China does not need another financial company, but China lacks a financial service company that really focuses on serving small and micro enterprises. Some research reports show that since 20 14, the financial service demand of small and micro enterprises has changed, mainly in the double growth of financing demand and comprehensive financial service demand. Therefore, various financial institutions and financial institutions have laid out their own service models.

As a quasi-financial institution, commercial factoring has become a new way of micro-finance and financial services. Its role in effectively alleviating the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises and supporting the development of the real economy has been understood and recognized, and a new round of accelerated development has begun. The commercial factoring mode initiated by CAD Wan Li to provide micro-financial services meets the requirements of the growth of financing and comprehensive financial services for small and micro enterprises, and also embodies its dedicated, professional, batch and standard service concept.

Key points: the service target group is positioned as small and micro enterprises with POS cash registers to serve the real economy; Batch: The application of modern information technology and big data technology reduces the deviation and tedious process of manual audit operation, reduces the service cost, processes information data in batches and provides services in batches; Standard: Make the service into a standard product. The whole service process is like a factory assembly line, and all links are executed according to standard operations to form standard services.

2. What skills do small and micro enterprise loans need to master?

It is difficult for small and micro enterprises to borrow money, in fact, as long as they choose the right method.

The loan difficulty can be well solved. Below we give two types of loan financing schemes for small and micro enterprises.

A kind of enterprise problem: there are good projects and good plans, but there are no methods of starting capital and working capital: through the support of financial experts, seek "venture capital" for financing. The main goal of financing is to win private capital, small loans and loan products for small and micro enterprises launched by some banks.

Second-class enterprise problems: the company has certain investment, but the company system is not perfect, the finance is not clear, and the business risk is high. Methods: First of all, enterprises must be integrated to make their systems perfect and their finances clear.

Secondly, if your own assets are insufficient, you can make a loan through "factoring business", that is, with the help of the reputation of the enterprise with which you have a debt relationship. Thirdly, you can also use the large amount of funds provided by enterprise suppliers to revitalize the cash flow of enterprises.

3. What is the basis for the success of small and micro enterprise loans?

1, behave yourself and never deviate.

As the operators of small and micro enterprises, we must attach importance to the market value of honesty and strive to establish the external image of honesty and credit from now on. We must behave ourselves, operate legally, never deviate from the rules, be smart and keep our promises. The honest image of the enterprise will accompany you all your life and bring you unexpected wealth. 2, slow and steady, step by step to win.

In order to live within our means, we must first calculate the profit point and repayment ability, and don't ask for a loan of 2 million for 500 thousand funds. The loan period is also realistic. Don't guarantee that you can pay back the money in one year: "six months is enough."

In addition, the limited funds should focus on the main business, and do not require all-round flowering, all-round results, and eating into a fat man. 3. Master tools and use them flexibly.

Facing the trend of economic globalization, it is not enough for operators to know their own products, but also to learn financial management knowledge, be familiar with financial tools and operate financial products flexibly. For example, there are many kinds of bank loans, such as movable property and real estate mortgage loans, patent intellectual property mortgage loans, factory equipment mortgage loans, natural person property mortgage or guarantee loans, export tax rebate mortgage loans, standard warehouse receipt mortgage loans and so on.

For import and export enterprises, they can also use various bank trade financing flexibly, such as bill discount, letter of credit, buyer's credit and letter of guarantee. There are also many financing channels for enterprises, including direct financing and indirect financing.

For direct financing, science and technology enterprises can strive for national innovation fund funding and interest subsidies; You can also attract partners, participate in shares, and strengthen alliances. Indirect financing, if you need to purchase large equipment, you can engage in financial leasing; If short-term funds are in short supply, you can change positions at the pawnshop.

4. recognize relatives and make friends until the end. Some enterprises mistakenly believe that it is convenient to borrow money after making friends with banks, so that they open accounts in more than a dozen banks.

Regardless of the "capital cost" of each account, just saying "emotional cost" is enough for you to cope with. Enterprises should choose nearby banks that you think serve well to open accounts and settle accounts. This has the advantage of centralized fund settlement, so that banks can see that your trade is booming and your sincerity is seen.

The more you let the bank know about you, the more you can make friends and even become a friend in need. The bank knows everything about you and is willing to help you at a critical moment.

As an operator, it is necessary to put an end to all kinds of unhealthy practices in business and establish integrity in order to get the support of banks and society.

4. What is the meaning of microfinance?

Microfinance refers to providing finance for small and micro enterprises.

Small and micro enterprises refer to enterprises smaller than small and medium-sized enterprises, such as "individual industrial and commercial households". In China, small and micro enterprises account for more than 99% of the total number of enterprises. They have played a great role in activating the market, creating jobs, increasing taxes and maintaining social stability.

However, the threshold of bank loans in China is high, and loans for small and micro enterprises are urgent, small, frequent, risky and costly. Moreover, the financial policy is not enough to support small and micro enterprises, and the financing gap of small and micro enterprises is large. Financing difficulty has always been a bottleneck restricting the development of small and micro enterprises. Since 2009, the financing policy environment for small and micro enterprises has been continuously improved, and * * * departments and more and more banking financial institutions have begun to pay attention to financial services for small and micro enterprises, such as the "Commercial Loan Link", a small and micro financial product launched by Minsheng Bank, and the proportion of loans for small and micro enterprises has been continuously increased.

China's financial supervision policy, credit business tax and income tax all give preferential treatment and support to small and micro enterprises, creating a huge space for the development of small and micro finance.

5. How to create a good environment for the development of microfinance?

The quality of credit environment is a necessary condition for pooling financial resources.

When the environment is good, financial investment will follow; If the environment is not good, financial resources will be avoided. With buttonwood, you don't have to worry about the phoenix.

Therefore, local governments at all levels should fully understand the importance of financial environment construction and strive to create a good financial environment. Study and formulate policies and measures to support financial services for small and micro enterprises from the aspects of improving the rule of law, improving public services, risk warning, improving the registration of mortgage and pledge, and publicizing and educating financial knowledge.

It is also necessary to implement the regulatory responsibility and risk disposal responsibility of financing guarantee companies, small loan companies, pawn shops and other institutions, intensify the crackdown on illegal financial activities such as private usury and illegal fund-raising, reduce the interference with the normal business activities of financial institutions, help safeguard bank claims, crack down on evasion of bank debts, resolve financial risks, strictly abide by the bottom line of no systematic regional risks, earnestly safeguard the order of local financial markets, and escort the healthy, sound and sustainable development of the financial industry.

6. What are the innovations in microfinance services?

These three innovations are: innovative product term, innovative mortgage method and innovative repayment method.

A person from Chongqing Banking Regulatory Bureau said that innovative product term design can alleviate the pressure of "paying back before lending" when the loans of small enterprises expire, and small and micro enterprises do not need to go to high-cost financing to "rush loans". At the same time, banks should also innovate repayment methods and study and launch loans that can be automatically extended.

The third is to innovate the way of mortgage and pledge, and banks should gradually let go of their dependence on mortgage and pledge guarantee. According to this person, Huaxia Bank, Industrial Bank and China Merchants Bank have launched products such as "Annual Loan", "Lianlian Loan" and "Lending Link" in terms of credit term innovation for small and micro enterprises, and eligible small and micro enterprises can renew their loans without repayment.

In addition, a number of banks have launched revolving loans under the maximum credit line, which can flexibly match the production and operation cycle of small and micro enterprises. In the innovation of guarantee methods, China Construction Bank and Chongqing Rural Commercial Bank have launched new products with weak guarantee, such as "guarantee loan", "order loan" and "invoice loan".