What are the local customs and specialties in Nanjing?

Traditional festivals and customs in Nanjing

Since ancient times, Nanjing has been the capital of ten generations. "The cultural relics in the clothes are rich in the characteristics of southeast and urban atmosphere, with profound cultural connotations, revealing a bit of elegance, heroic, feminine and harmonious.

the Spring Festival; Chinese New Year

It used to be called New Year's Day, commonly known as Chinese New Year. People in Nanjing will sweep the court, put lanterns, hang decorations, wear new clothes and hats, put up Spring Festival couplets and set off firecrackers.

People in Nanjing put up Spring Festival couplets or door gods on the door of the New Year, and scholars put up a picture of a chicken on the door, which means "a chicken is getting stronger every day". This is not available elsewhere. On the first morning, you must drink Tu Su wine. In the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi knew jiangning house three times as a prime minister. In the poem, he recited: "The firecrackers are one year old, and the spring breeze sends warmth into Tu Su." This custom began in the Southern Dynasties, and Nanjing people drank it for thousands of years, forming a set of rules: when the sun rises, face the east and "drink from less to longer". Young people drink first, old people drink later, and advance in the morning sun. In the morning, relatives and friends will pay New Year greetings. When the guests arrived, they put their hands together and treated each other with tea. Also presented two gold ingot eggs, called "gold ingot". Now people meet in the New Year, wish each other "Congratulations on getting rich", offer tea and cigarettes, and treat each other with fashionable cakes.

the Lantern Festival

The fifteenth day of the first month is the night of the first full moon in the lunar year, which is called Yuanxiao. Night is synonymous with Xiao, so it is called Yuanxiao. The Lantern Festival started from offering sacrifices and gradually evolved into a grand, warm and colorful entertainment festival. In ancient times, it was one day, and in the Tang Dynasty, it was sixteen to eighteen and three days. The Song Dynasty lasted from 14 to 18 and 5 years; When Zhu Yuanzhang was emperor in Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty, he extended the Lantern Festival to ten days, that is, from the eighth day to the seventeenth day. Food has also changed from eating bean porridge to tasting Yuanxiao (glutinous rice balls). In Nanjing, there is a custom of "putting lights on Lantern Festival and leaving lights on noodles".

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Lantern Festival in Nanjing had the custom of playing with dragon lanterns and hanging gauze lanterns. Playing dragon lanterns is not only played by ordinary people, but also by soldiers. Playing dragon lanterns is not as long as in other places. It's more than ten feet short and more than a hundred knots long, and it takes hundreds of people to play. Yarn lanterns have yarn and silk, and celebrities paint on them. The more experts, the higher the value. Merchants will also hold solve riddles on the lanterns activities in front of the store to attract many tourists, and the winners will be rewarded for the goods they sell. There is a kind of "lantern" pioneered by Nanjing people, which is covered with lanterns and lit with candles inside. Based on the principle of air thermal expansion, the lamp surface is driven to rotate, and horses in various postures are drawn on the lamp surface, which is the gallop of Malik. Joseph Needham, a British scholar, called it an invention of ancient people in China. The dragon lanterns are magnificent, the gauze lanterns are exquisite and colorful, and all kinds of things compete with each other, attracting guests to stay in the city for a long time, singing and laughing. "In the bright moon under the shadow of silver candle, everyone is stepping on a lamp." In recent decades, the lantern festival in Confucius Temple has become more and more prosperous, with new technologies, new materials and acousto-optic electric control, which are varied, vivid and dazzling. Lantern Festival lasts for one month from the Spring Festival. During the period, it attracted 200,000 to 300,000 tourists from all directions every day.

Tomb-Sweeping Day went for a spring outing.

Since ancient times, Tomb-Sweeping Day has been paid attention to by the imperial court and the people because of the custom of sweeping graves to worship ancestors. At that time, people will go to the grave to sweep, sprinkle water, burn paper, dig grave hats and insert willows to express their feelings of self-cultivation and remembrance. He also brought refreshments to visit the door of the grave keeper's house, and the grave keeper also stayed for tea and rice, calling each other "grave relatives."

At this time, it is beautiful spring, and men and women can go to Niushou Mountain, Yuhuatai Mountain and Meihua Mountain in the suburbs to "drown their sorrows by drinking, which is called an outing". There is a saying called "Spring Bull Head".

In recent years, Niushou Mountain has been renovated, adding scenic spots and connecting with the newly developed Jiangjun Mountain nearby, making it an excellent place for tourists to enjoy the natural scenery in the countryside. In addition, Yuhuatai in the south of the city and Meihua Mountain in the eastern suburbs are also places frequented by tourists. Over the past decade, Meihua Mountain has built a 10,000-mu plum garden and held an international plum blossom festival. Every spring, the flowers are in full bloom, the clouds are steaming and the fragrance is floating, and men and women are side by side, intoxicated in the fragrant snow and lingering.

Tour Qinhuai on Dragon Boat Festival

The fifth day of May in the summer calendar is called Dragon Boat Festival, also known as Duanyang. On this day, Nanjing people like to eat zongzi and mung bean cakes, as well as "fried five poisons" (fried with whitebait, shrimp, leek and black dry goods), amaranth and male soybeans, and drink realgar and calamus wine to avoid disaster. Washing your eyes with sun-exposed water is called "broken eyes", which means you can avoid eye diseases for a year. Acorus calamus and Folium Artemisiae Argyi are also used to sprinkle water on the ground and then insert it on the lintel to "eliminate disasters". Hanging the statues of Zhong Kui and Five Poisons (toad, poisonous snake, scorpion, centipede and gecko) engraved by the alchemist, "exorcise ghosts and avoid evil spirits". Children hang five-color silk winding around their necks, and salted duck eggs are filled in the winding; The arm is tied with a silk sash made of five-color silk, named "longevity rope", wearing tiger-headed shoes and a tiger-headed hat, and the word "king" is painted with realgar wine on his forehead. Women also put colorful tiger flowers on their temples.

After lunch, the whole family went to Confucius Temple to watch the Qinhuai River Dragon Boat Race. Jinling has dragon boat "three gangs", river gang, river gang and wooden gang. There are so many dragon boats on such a large scale that they are rare elsewhere. Each boat is decorated with colorful kites; There are children in costumes playing all kinds of games online. When the boat passed by, people on the river bank threw silver horns, copper coins or let geese and ducks fly, taking the dragon boat race as fun. It was called "winning the bid" and the male and female ants gathered on the shore. Luo Qi was like a cloud, gongs and drums were loud, and cheers thundered. Wealthy families also booked cruise ships in advance and enjoyed the victory by boating. Qinhuai cruise ship rose in the Tang Dynasty and flourished from the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the early Republic of China. Painting boats, flutes, drums and paddles is a beautiful scenery on the Qinhuai River. This is vividly described in Gu Jieyuan's Hakka Words, Kong's Peach Blossom Fan and Banqiao Miscellanies. In the past 20 years, the Qinhuai River has been rectified vigorously, and the water has been changed regularly, with more boats and pleasant scenery. At night, there are thousands of lights on both sides of Qinhuai River. Tourists in cruise ships, boats in scenery, people walking in paintings, each with its own flavor.

The full moon in Mid-Autumn Festival is touching autumn.

Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th, Jiangnan is also called August Festival. This night, there is a full moon in the sky and a full moon on earth. Even if you are in a foreign country, you should go home for reunion. People in Nanjing like to enjoy the moon with their families, which is called "celebrating reunion", and it is called "full moon" when groups sit together and drink, and it is called "walking on the moon" when visiting the market. There were Moon Tower and Moon Bridge in the early Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a Moon Tower under Lion Mountain, which was a place for tourists to enjoy the moon, and the Moon Bridge was the most prosperous. Yueyue Bridge is located in Qinhuai River, where the old courtyard of Confucius Temple is located. Next to the bridge is the mansion of Ma Xianglan, a famous prostitute. It is the nocturnal literati who gather at the bridge to play the flute and sing and write poems to the moon, so this bridge is called the Moon Bridge. After the death of the Ming Dynasty, it gradually declined, and later generations wrote a poem: "The romantic Southern Song Dynasty has ended, leaving the west wind as a long slab bridge, but remember to take the Jade Man Bridge and teach me to play the flute relatively in the moon." Longbanqiao, the original Moon Bridge.

After the Qing Dynasty, the wind of enjoying the moon still prevailed. People in Yue Bai display fresh fruits and moon cakes, burn incense (tie incense like a tower, add paper barrels on it, and call it a bucket of incense), tell the story of the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, and then share moon cakes. Mooncakes are made in Guabu, and "Jinling set of cakes" was the best in the Republic of China.

On this night, Nanjing women have the custom of touching autumn, which is suitable for men to "touch" (touch "steal" melons and fruits for fun) in Jasmine Garden. This game has been passed down for a long time. Over the past 20 years, people have attached importance to the Mid-Autumn Festival, staged the city to enjoy the moon, or boated on Xuanwu Lake and Confucius Temple Qinhuai River to enjoy the moon. It is very popular to buy moon cakes by yourself or give them away by the company. The full moon night is full of affection.

Chongyang gaodeng club

On the ninth day of September in the summer calendar, it is called Chongyang, because every day of this month is positive. Historically, Jiankang (now Nanjing) people went out to climb mountains on this day, forming a "mountaineering meeting". This custom originated from a strange legend of avoiding evil spirits, which was recorded in detail by Wu Jun, a native of A Liang in the Southern Dynasties. From Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties, the custom of Chongyang in Jiankang still flourished. At that time, he lived in the south of the city to climb the Yuhuatai, in the city to climb the Arctic Pavilion, and in the north of the city to climb the Shogun Mountain, especially the Shogun Mountain. During the Han Dynasty, there was a pavilion on this mountain. The legend of the Jin and Yuan emperors crossing the river said that "horses turned into dragons", so this pavilion was named "Long Ting". There is an ancient cave in Gu Mo, Liang Da, on the side of the mountain, with many tourists, forming the custom of "the shogunate ascends the mountain". The Jiaqing Decade of Qing Dynasty (1805) was initiated by government officials and celebrities such as Hu Lanchuan magistrate (Jiangning magistrate). Some people in charge of the army have built the "Wangjiang Tower" on the mountain. It is a lighthouse for navigation and a spectacular scenery, which is praised as a good thing by people near and far.

On the Double Ninth Festival, Nanjing people like to eat double ninth cake, which is called "camel's hoof", drink chrysanthemum wine, enjoy chrysanthemums and make a double ninth flag for their children. On this day, married women will send flags in a timely and fresh box, which is called "Double Ninth Festival Box".

Nowadays, people are happy to climb mountains on the Double Ninth Festival, but not to avoid evil spirits, but to appreciate the magnificent rivers and mountains of the motherland and the new look of construction, and a sense of comfort arises spontaneously.

Today's Four Seasons Tourism Festival

Plum blossom in Nanjing International Plum Blossom Festival in spring is the city flower of Nanjing. Mei appreciation is a folk custom in Nanjing, which has been enduring since the Six Dynasties. Now Pearl Spring, Fujiabian and Gulin Park in Nanjing all have beautiful scenery, especially Meihua Mountain. Every year from the end of February to mid-March, Nanjing holds the International Plum Blossom Festival, with as many as 400,000 people attending the main venue of Meihua Mountain.

Jiang Xinzhou Grape Festival Jiang Xinzhou, a small island in the Yangtze River southwest of Nanjing, has beautiful scenery. From July to August, thousands of acres of vineyards on the island were fruitful. Tourists visit the European continent to see the scenery of rivers, enjoy the natural oxygen bar and enjoy the wild interest of picking grapes.

Autumn Rain Flower Stone Art Festival in Nanjing Rain Flower Stone is one of the landmarks in Nanjing. In the autumn of September, we will hold a series of activities such as "Rain Flower Stone" performance, fine rain flower stone exhibition, seminar and quarrying tour in Yuhuatai Scenic Area. Liuhe County, the birthplace of Shi Yuhua, also held sub-venue activities.

Listening to the bells in winter and welcoming the New Year are usually held in qixia temple Bell Tower. The temple mage chanted prayers and wished the people peace, and then the representative presided over by the guest * * * rang the bronze bell 108 times. The audience was filled with a peaceful and festive atmosphere.

Guling osmanthus festival

Guling Guiyuan, located in the scenic spot of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, is the largest Gui Huayuan in China, covering an area of 1.700 mu and planting nearly 20,000 osmanthus trees. Every September, sweet-scented osmanthus is fragrant and full of flowers, which attracts many tourists to Linggu Temple to enjoy autumn sweet-scented osmanthus.

Gaochun Crab Festival runs from September 30th to June 6th every year, 10, and it has become the custom of Nanjing people to "go to Gaochun, taste crabs, see the giant Buddha and visit the old streets". In gaochun old street, Youzi Mountain and Yinghu Taoyuan, there will be operas, lanterns, martial arts, dragon boat performances, crabs and bonfire parties, which will make Chinese and foreign tourists linger.

Pukou eco-tourism festival

Pukou Eco-tourism Festival, commonly known as Shili Hot Spring, Baili Laoshan Mountain and Li Qian Ginkgo, is a tourism festival integrating viewing, participation and play. People fully feel the natural ecological beauty of "mountain, water, green and empty" through a series of activities such as water splashing festival, folk culture festival and mountaineering barbecue festival.

Nanjing boiled salted duck

Salted duck is a famous specialty in Nanjing, with a long history of 1000 years. Nanjing salted duck can be cooked all year round, and the curing and re-marinating cycle is short. Now it's sold, bought and eaten, so it shouldn't be stored for long.

This kind of duck skin is white and tender, fat but not greasy, fragrant and delicious, with the characteristics of fragrance, crispness and tenderness. The salted duck around the Mid-Autumn Festival every year has the best color and taste, because the duck is made in the season when osmanthus is in full bloom, so it is called "osmanthus duck".

"White Door Recipe" records: "In August in Jinling, salted duck is the most famous, and everyone thinks that there is osmanthus fragrance in the meat." Sweet-scented osmanthus duck is a good wine with clear thinking, strong purpose and long-term appetite. On holidays or working days, it seems to have become a secular etiquette in Nanjing for tourists from home to go out and buy a bowl of salted duck.

yuhua pebbles

Nanjing specialty, rich in Yuhuatai, Juhuatai and other places. According to research, the first-class rain flower stone is a kind of agate.

According to legend, during the Southern Dynasties in Liang Wudi, Master Guang Yun, a monk, gave a lecture at Lion Hill and was moved by the sound of rain. Rain fell into the ground and became countless pebbles as big as eggs and as small as broad beans, hence the name Yuhuashi, and Shishan was renamed Yuhuatai.

Rainflower stones are all kinds of gravel produced by Yuhuatai, which have been rounded by running water. The main components are hard rocks such as sandstone, quartzite, siliceous rock and igneous rock, as well as minerals such as quartz, chalcedony and opal. The former has no bright color; The chemical components of the latter, such as timely and chalcedony, are silica. Common colors are white, milky white and yellow. There are also red, purple, green, rose and black. There are also concentric, circular and spotted agates composed of stripes of different colors.

Some rare rain flower stones are magnificent, and the hazy transparency seems to contain mountains and rivers, clouds, flowers and birds, fish and insects, ghosts and gods, and the patterns are similar to those of Pig Bajie and the Monkey King, which are more praised by the world.

People often "raise" the rain flower stone in a basin and put it on the desk as an ornamental. Folk artists in Nanjing also cut the rain flower stones into various works of art, and nature and labor are integrated.

Yuhua Tea

Yuhua tea is a specialty of Nanjing and one of the top ten famous teas in China. The shape is round and green, the lines are tight and straight, the front seedlings are graceful, and the white hairs are like pine needles, which symbolizes the heroic image of the revolutionary martyrs who are indomitable and last forever, hence the name Yuhua Tea.

Yuhua tea mainly grows in the suburbs of Nanjing, and has strict requirements on raw material selection and technological operation. Before Grain Rain, young leaves with buds and leaves 2.5-3 cm long were collected, and then the whole process was completed by hand. Yuhua tea has good color, fragrance, taste and shape. After brewing, it is green and clear, with elegant aroma, mellow taste and sweet aftertaste. It has the effects of quenching thirst, refreshing, promoting digestion and diuresis, relieving asthma and resolving phlegm, and relieving boredom. Best-selling overseas since 1966. In Japan and Southeast Asia, people give yuhua tea as a precious gift to relatives and friends.

Nanjing dried salted duck

Nanjing salted duck is famous at home and abroad. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were "ancient academies, glazed pagodas, black satin and salted ducks" circulating in Nanjing. It can be seen that Nanjing salted duck has long been famous for its folk songs. Dried salted duck is salted with brine, which can be divided into two types: salted duck and spring salted duck. Because its meat is tender and firm, like a plate, it is named dried salted duck. The production technology of Nanjing salted duck has a history of more than 600 years. In Qing dynasty, local officials always chose new salted duck with better quality to pay tribute to the royal family, so it was also called "tribute duck". During the exchange of visits, court officials gave each other salted ducks as gifts, so they were also called "official salted ducks". It is a favorite dish of Jinling people, so it has the reputation of "six dynasties flavor" and "a hundred delicious dishes". The salted duck is full of color, flavor and flavor. The laity is full, fat and white, the meat is tender and tight, and the food is crisp and fragrant.

Nanjing duck gizzard

Nanjing duck gizzard is one of the famous local products in Nanjing, which has been sold well at home and abroad for more than 200 years. Nanjing duck gizzards are oblate in appearance, compact in meat and easy to carry. The meat is firm, tough and chewy, with a long taste and no greasy feeling. This is a delicious food for all ages. Dried duck gizzard is a treasure given to relatives and friends by Nanjing people, and it is also a good product for drinking tea with meals. It is oblate, dense in meat, easy to store and carry, delicious and refreshing, and it is everyone's favorite.

Nanjing Du Xiang

Nanjing fragrant belly is one of the famous specialties in Nanjing, which was founded in Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty. Its shape is like an apple, petite and exquisite, commonly known as "small belly" in old Nanjing. Its meat is firm, red and white, fragrant and tender, slightly sweet. It is not only a famous dish at the banquet, but also a good seasoning in daily life. Nanjing Du Xiang is said to have a history of 120 years, which was famous all over the country during Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty. Shaped like an apple, it is easy to carry, with skin as thin as cicada, tender red and white meat and unique flavor. This is a famous dish and a good side dish.

Its main ingredient is fresh pork, which is generally three points fat and seven points thin, and the seasoning is appropriate salt, sugar and spices. In the old days, whenever there was a round banquet, where the fragrant belly was placed, that is, where the host and guest sat, the phrase "living alone in a respectful place" vividly revealed the characteristics of the fragrant belly. At the 19 10 Nanyang persuasion meeting, Du Xiang won the prize, and has been well-known overseas and exported to various places since then.

Nanjing Jinyun

Nanjing brocade is a traditional jacquard silk handicraft in Nanjing. Its exquisite materials, exquisite weavers, elegant and rich patterns are like colorful clouds in the sky, so it is called "Yunjin". It is as famous as Song Brocade in Suzhou and Shu Brocade in Sichuan, and is called the three famous brocade in China.

The history of Nanjing brocade production can be traced back to the Three Kingdoms period. In the Ming Dynasty, the brocade technology became more and more mature and perfect, forming the local characteristics of Nanjing silk jacquard brocade. In Qing Dynasty, there was "Jiangning Weaving Department" in Nanjing, and Yunjin weaving was very popular. During this period, there were many kinds of brocade, solemn patterns and bright colors, which represented the highest achievement of Nanjing brocade weaving technology. Nowadays, Yunjin is not only exported as high-grade clothing fabrics, ethnic costumes and performance costumes, but also developed new varieties of daily handicrafts, such as Yunjin tablecloths, mats, quilts, bags, vests, ties, hanging screens, etc., and packed in various cartons according to the needs of consumers. Nanjing Yunjin is a jacquard silk handicraft, which ranks first among the "precious artworks" in Nanjing, and is also called "three famous brocade" with Jin Shu in Sichuan and Jin Song in Suzhou. It is characterized by solid texture, rich and beautiful patterns and rich colors, and a large number of gold threads are used, forming a brilliant and unique style. Yunjin used to be used exclusively by the court, but now, in addition to ethnic minorities, it is also exported to foreign countries to make high-grade clothing fabrics. Nanjing Yunjin, with as many as 18 colors, is rich and elegant by introducing the main flowers layer by layer.

Sakura peach

Nanjing is a famous cherry producing area in China. Mostly produced in Xuanwu Lake area. Sakura Island in Xuanwu Lake is named after its abundance of cherries. The varieties are Dongtang, Zongsi and Julia. Dong Tang cherry is top-notch, with large particles, delicious taste, delicious juice and excellent quality.

lily

Nanjing's traditional specialty, also known as Shilaofan, is produced in Zhongshan and other places in the eastern suburbs of Nanjing where plants are flourishing. White skin, fat meat, sweet and tender, and can be preserved for a long time.