General situation of Qinjiang water conservancy

There are 1 large Lingdong reservoir, 12 small (I) reservoirs such as Niupi Tatar, Tongyoutang and Longtang, 37 small (II) reservoirs such as Huang Mao and Datianpo, and numerous small Shantang reservoirs. These Shantang reservoirs * * * control the rainwater collection area of 22 1.5 square kilometers.

Lingdong Reservoir is located in the east of the county 13km, east longitude109 23', and north latitude 22 28'. The dam is located between Dazhangdong and Yuanyanshan Village in Fozi Town. Because the reservoir is in the east of the county seat, it is named Lingdong Reservoir. 1957 for engineering survey and design, 1958+00 for construction. The main project of the hub is basically completed 196 1. During the construction period, the maximum on-site labor force is 25,000. 196 1 year, the reservoir tried to store water, using part of the irrigation efficiency. 1963 main dam, drainage culvert and spillway are all completed. With the completion of the irrigation project, the irrigation efficiency increased by 65,438+0,977 years, and the irrigation efficiency reached 65,438+0,73000 mu. During the construction of the reservoir hub project, Premier Zhou Enlai of the State Council inquired about the construction of Lingdong Reservoir during his inspection tour in Guangdong, and instructed the construction party to strengthen specific leadership, earnestly do a good job in the project construction, ensure the safety of the project and bring benefits into play as soon as possible. The rainwater harvesting area of the reservoir is 145 square kilometers, with a total storage capacity of 654.38+79 million cubic meters and an effective storage capacity of 79 million cubic meters. The designed irrigation area of the reservoir is 65,438+0,774,500 mu (including the benefit of the irrigation project). There are 2 hydropower stations behind the dam with 5 installed units, 1240 kW. After the completion of the reservoir,1963 65438+Feb. 3 1 Lingdong Reservoir Management Bureau was established with 80 personnel; At the same time, seven water conservancy management offices were established, namely, Fozi, Xinxu, Sanhai, Tanxu, Nalong, Sanlong and Luwu.

Niupida Reservoir is a melon-knot project in the south main canal of Lingdong Reservoir. It is located in Lixingpo Village, Xintang Village Committee, Fozi Town, 4 kilometers away from Fozixu, at east longitude109 22' and north latitude 22 24'. The project was built in June 1958 1 1. The rainwater collection area is 1 1.45 square kilometers. The main dam is a homogeneous earth dam with a height of 35.9m and a crest length of150m. The total storage capacity is 5.97 million cubic meters and the effective storage capacity is 3.73 million cubic meters. At the normal water level of the reservoir, the area of flooded farmland is 240 mu, and the spillway is located at the right end of the dam, which is a sluice weir with a width of 4.8 meters and the maximum flood discharge 1 18.8 cubic meters per second. Drainage culverts are divided into high culverts and low culverts. The high culvert is an H-shaped gate, with a culvert diameter of 0.65 m and a discharge flow of 1 m3/sec. The inlet of low culvert pipe is opened and closed by cable-stayed plate, the diameter of the pipe body is 0.9 meters, and the discharge flow is 2.36 cubic meters per second. The reservoir benefits are included in the irrigation area of Lingdong Reservoir, and the reservoir is managed by Lingdong Reservoir Administration.

Tiandingshan Reservoir, named Tiandingshan Reservoir, is located in Tiandingshan Village, Town East Village Committee of Tanxu Town. It is 5 kilometers away from Tanxu, located at east longitude 109 1 1' and north latitude 22 18'. The project was built in September, 1957. The dam is a homogeneous earth dam with a height of14.5m and a crest length of 220m. The rainwater collection area is 4.5 square kilometers, with a total storage capacity of 3130,000 cubic meters and an effective storage capacity of 2.208 million cubic meters. The spillway is located in the canyon on the right side of the dam. This is a broad-topped weir with a width of 20 meters. Underflow energy dissipation, the maximum flood discharge is 1.24 cubic meters per second. The drainage culvert pipe is located at the right end of the dam, and the cascade inclined pipe drains water. The culvert pipe is a reinforced concrete circular pipe with an inner diameter of 0.8m and a maximum flow of 0.5m3 per second. When the reservoir reaches the normal water level, 470 mu of cultivated land will be flooded. The reservoir belongs to the melon knot project of the south main canal of Lingdong Reservoir and is managed by Lingdong Reservoir Management Bureau. The income is included in Lingdong Irrigation District.

Tongyoutang Reservoir is located in Tongyoutang Village, Chazi Village Committee of Nalong Town, hence the name Tongyoutang Reservoir. It is 7 kilometers away from Nalongwei, located at 09 07' east longitude and 2217' north latitude. The project was completed in June1956+1October 65438. The dam is a homogeneous earth dam, with a height of 20.5m, a crest length of160m and two auxiliary dams of 36.5m. It has accumulated rainwater of 5.28km2, a total storage capacity of 3.33m cubic meters and an effective storage capacity of 2.296m cubic meters. The spillway is located in the canyon on the right side of the main dam. It is an open weir with a wide top and a width of 18m. Underflow energy dissipation, the maximum flood discharge is 93.7 cubic meters per second. The drainage culvert pipe is located at the left end of the main dam, which is a reinforced concrete circular pipe with an inner diameter of 0.7 meters. Cascade inclined pipes discharge water, with a maximum flow of 0.82 cubic meters per second. When the reservoir reaches the normal water level, the cultivated land will be flooded 1 10 mu. The reservoir is the melon-knot project of the south main canal of Lingdong Reservoir, and the benefits are brought into Lingdong Irrigation District, which is managed by Lingdong Reservoir Administration.

Longtang Reservoir is located in Liwutang Village, Dama Village Committee of Sanlong Town, 6 kilometers away from Sanlongxu, with east longitude 109 00' and north latitude 22 20'. The project was built in September, 1957. The dam is a homogeneous earth dam, with a dam height of 15m, a dam crest length of 1 15m and two auxiliary dams of 146m. Rainwater collection area is 6.29 square kilometers. The total storage capacity is 5.66 million cubic meters and the effective storage capacity is 4.06 million cubic meters. The spillway is located in the canyon on the right side of the main dam. It is an open weir with a width of 25 meters and a maximum flood discharge of 75 cubic meters per second. The drainage culvert pipe is a circular reinforced concrete pipe at the left end of the main dam, with an inner diameter of 0.7m, and the stepped inclined pipe drains water, with a maximum flow of 0.25m3 seconds. When the reservoir reaches the normal water level, it will flood 1.350 mu of cultivated land. The reservoir is the melon-knot project of the north main canal of Lingdong Reservoir, and the benefits are brought into Lingdong Irrigation District, which is managed by Lingdong Reservoir Administration.

Jingtang Reservoir is located behind Jingtang Village, Pingsha Village Office, Pingji Town. It is a tributary of Shuiche River in Pingji section of Qinjiang River Basin, with a river cutoff of 6.9 1 km. The dam area, with a rainwater collection area of 9.44 square kilometers, is a medium-sized reservoir mainly for irrigation, power generation and comprehensive utilization of aquaculture. Total storage capacity 1 1 160000 cubic meters, effective storage capacity of 7 million cubic meters and dead storage capacity of 200,000 cubic meters. The designed irrigation area is 18000 mu, which irrigates village-run farmland in Pingji Town and Qingtang Town 13. /kloc-started in June, 1959, and the main dam, auxiliary dam and drainage pipe were basically completed the following year. The dam type of the main dam is homogeneous earth dam. The crest elevation is 58m, breakwater elevation is 59m, dam height is 24m, crest length is 107m, crest width is 5.5m, normal water level is 54m, design flood level is 56.46m, check flood level is 57.46m, flood control level is 50m and dead water level is 42m. The original designed irrigation area of the reservoir is 6.5438+800,000 mu. After the completion of the reservoir, small (I) reservoirs such as Nala and Zhucao Road and small (II) reservoirs such as Jitiaotang, Lecai Road and Nadongba will be brought into the unified management of Jingtang Irrigation District, with a total irrigation area of 265.438+0.750 mu. The total main canal of the irrigation area is 4 kilometers long and the total main canal is 7 kilometers long. There are branches 12, with a total length of 50.2 kilometers, and aqueducts 14, with a length of 346 meters. Bainiuling, the birthplace of Qinjiang River, is the peak of Dongshan Mountain with more than 60,000 mountains. Sixty thousand mountains extend into the northeast of Lingshan, forming Luoyang Mountain and Dongshan Mountain in the county. The general trend of mountains is northeast-southwest. Dongshan Mountain Range, starting from the north of Pingshan Town and extending to the north of Qinjiang River, is the watershed between Qinjiang River system and Yujiang River system such as Qianlujiang River, Xiuzhujiang River and Pingnan River. The main peak is Dongshan, 7 14.9 meters above sea level, which is located between Pingshan and Feng Tang, and is the largest peak in the county.

The upper reaches of Lingshan Mountain are high in the northeast and low in the southwest, with high hills in the northeast, middle hills in the northwest, low hills in the middle and low hills in the south. In the hilly areas of northeast China, the altitude is generally 200 ~ 800 meters; Central qinjiang valley, 30 ~ 100 meters above sea level; In southern hilly areas, the altitude is generally 50 ~ 200 meters.

The middle and lower reaches are located in Qinzhou City, and the northern part of the middle reaches is a low mountain area, which is located in the north and northeast of Qinzhou City. There are four small mountain ranges: Gudaoling, Jianling, Gaozhuo and Hengdingding, which extend in parallel from northeast to southwest, and are divided into two banded alluvial plains along Maoling River and Qinjiang River, namely, Bandong Plain and Pingji Jiubaidong Plain. Generally, the elevation of small mountains is between 400 and 630 meters, and Gudaoling in the north is the highest, with an altitude of 629 meters, followed by Gaozhuo Mountain, with an altitude of 535 meters, which belongs to the low mountain area. The rocks are mainly granite, brown or green sand shale.

The south and downstream of the middle reaches are plains, and the north is alluvial plains, which are mainly distributed in the south-central region. The larger alluvial plains are Qinjiang Delta, Bandong Plain and Heping Jiubaidong Plain. The Qinjiang Delta is located in the lower reaches of the Qinjiang River in the south of the city, which is formed by the alluvial of the Qinjiang River. It is the largest alluvial plain in the city and the second largest delta in Qinzhou. Its top is on the sand slope in the northeast corner of the city, and it is developed in a clip-like hill bay. North-south length10km, east-west width13-14km, area135km2, with an average elevation of 3m. River sand and marine silt are interlaced, and the land-sea interlaced phase is obvious. The bay is deep into the delta, with wide rivers, dense water networks and good soil, water, light and heat conditions. It is an important grain and sugarcane producing area in Guangxi. Jiubaidong Plain is located in the middle of Pingji Town, and it is distributed in strips along the banks of the Qinjiang River, covering an area of about 20 square kilometers. It is the second largest plain in Qinzhou, with fertile land, rich in rice and sugarcane, and one of the sugarcane bases in Qinzhou. Bandongping was originally alluvial from Maoling River and distributed in Bancheng and Xiaodong along both banks of Maoling River, with an area of about 14 square kilometers. The soil-forming materials in this area are mostly granite, and the soil is the most fertile. It is the main grain-producing area in the city and is known as "Qinzhou Granary". In addition, there are small alluvial plains between the low hills near Napeng in the southeast.

The lower reaches are coastal plains, mainly distributed in the southern coastal areas, with a relatively large area, especially in Shabu, southern Kangxi and Jianshan. The southern part of rhino's foot is still divided by rolling hills, and it has become a coral area due to the erosion of waves. The parent materials of the coastal plain in this city are mostly shallow sea sediments, and the soil is barren, mainly with strongly acidic paddy soil, swamp saline soil and sandy soil, which has become a low-grain producing area in this city. Due to the influence of monsoon and topography, the annual rainfall distribution is extremely uneven, and coastal plains are prone to drought with less rainfall in spring and more rainfall in summer, and are prone to waterlogging and tidal disasters.

Qinjiang River finally merged into Maoweihai, a small bay in Qinzhou Bay, located at the northernmost part of the western waters of Qinzhou Bay. The bay is oval, with a wide mouth and a narrow mouth, and is surrounded by land on the east, west and north. The area is about 135 square kilometers, most of which are dry beaches. Seawater is shallow, with a general water depth of 0. 1-5m. With the injection of Qinjiang River and Maoling River, the rivers and seas blend together, with low salinity, moderate temperature and abundant plankton in the water, which is a good place for shallow water fish and shellfish to breed. There are abundant oysters, perch, herring, snapper, yellow croaker and blue crab, especially oysters. In the southeast and west of the Bay, Qinzhou Marine Farm and Kangxiling Oyster Farm are the offshore fishery production and marine aquaculture bases in the city. In addition, there are lush aquatic plants, aquatic plants and sea olive trees in the bay, which are rich in wild waterfowl such as water ducks. Thousands of wild ducks, seagulls, sand snails and coir cranes live here all year round.

The estuary forms a delta coast, which is characterized by the development of the coast at the estuary; The inlet channel has dense riverbed, broken coastline and wide tidal flat, especially along the Maoweihai, with the tidal flat area accounting for about 80%, the tidal flat width of 5-7km and the slope of <1‰; Sea sand dikes are developed, and the coastline is obviously silted into the sea, which is beneficial to reclamation and offshore protection of artificial dikes. The upper reaches of the basin are located in Lingshan, with low latitude and subtropical monsoon climate. In a year, the climate is mild, with long summer and short winter, abundant rainfall and sunshine, and intermittent cold waves attack in winter and spring. According to the records of county meteorological station 1956 to 1984, the annual average temperature is 2 1.7℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 38.2℃ (1August 957 15), and the extreme minimum temperature is 0.2℃ (/kloc) The average total sunshine hours are 1400 ~ 1950 hours, with an average of 1673 hours. The maximum year of annual precipitation is 2438 mm (196 1 year), the minimum year is 1005 mm (1963), with an average of 1658 mm, mostly concentrated in April-September, during which the precipitation accounts for 80% of the whole year.

Qinzhou City is located in the south of the Tropic of Cancer, in the famous monsoon region of Southeast Asia, with strong solar radiation and obvious monsoon circulation. Because it is adjacent to Beibu Gulf in the south and 100,000 mountains in the northwest, it is mainly influenced by marine climate and continental air mass. The maritime climate is obvious, and it is one of the hot, humid and rainy places.