Information about green environmental protection

Environmental protection is the biggest problem facing human beings in modern life. To solve this problem, we must start from the basics.

First of all, we must conduct extensive publicity to raise people's awareness and understanding, and strengthen Environmental awareness.

Secondly, we must recycle waste and reduce the felling of forest trees. We must also strengthen the treatment of white pollution and use less plastic products.

Finally, we must Make improvements in cleaning to make the city cleaner.

For the future of the earth, we must work hard from now on to protect the environment. Here we make the following suggestions:

Implement Garbage classification and bagging. This will not only reduce the workload of sanitation workers, but also better utilize waste, reduce pollution, and save resources.

When shopping for groceries, use less plastic bags and use as many plastic bags as possible Bamboo basket.

Try to use refillable pens to reduce the waste of ballpoint pen shells and the amount of garbage.

Try not to use disposable lunch boxes when eating out.

Sowing green means sowing hope. Garbage surplus and environmental problems. Garbage recycling and comprehensive utilization of resources. Garbage recycling and comprehensive utilization of resources (Part 2). Science in the sea bath

Think of it from drinking pure water

Nowadays, drinking water is becoming a trend. Although the media has introduced the disadvantages of drinking water more than once, the "drinking water" family is still expanding day by day.

Drinking water does not only refer to pure water. , also includes mineral water, distilled water and even space water, etc. The tap water we grew up drinking has become a relatively "non-drinking water". We do not rule out that drinking water is currently popular and hype plays a role, but it It reflects that the current seriousness of water pollution has reached an unpalatable level.

It is reported that: "According to a survey of 798 cities and towns across the country in 1979, the national daily sewage discharge amounted to 2.58 million for the country and the people. tons, of which 819 were industrial wastewater and 199 were domestic sewage. In 1989, a survey of 854 cities and towns across the country found that the daily discharge amount reached 36.53 billion tons. Among them, 550 million tons were industrial wastewater. Most of these wastewaters were not processed After treatment, it is directly discharged, polluting rivers, lakes and seas.

In addition, there is an indisputable fact in front of every Shanghainese. The Huangpu River, the mother river of Shanghai, before the mid-1950s (1958) was A river with clear water quality and swarms of fish and shrimp began to be polluted in 1962. A 22-day black and smelly period began in 1963, which lasted for 29 days in 1988, accounting for about 2/3 of the year. The water quality of this river section was unqualified. It accounts for 64.5km, accounting for 56.99% of the total length of 113.5km.

The harm of water pollution is self-evident. Water pollution and deterioration of water quality have brought serious consequences to human health, human life and production. The harm of water.

Water is an important substance for human survival. Clean people can bring people a beautiful environment of lush flowers and trees, birds singing and flowers, tranquility and comfort, and a beautiful and picturesque environment, bringing peace and joy to people. Peace. But today's polluted water brings pain, terror and disaster to people. In order to make life better, let the beautiful mountains and rivers stay in the world forever, and let the clear water flow continuously, people have become more and more aware of The importance of preventing water pollution.

To sow green is to sow hope. Garbage excess and environmental problems. From drinking pure water, think of garbage recycling and resource utilization. Garbage recycling and resource utilization. Science in the bathroom< /p>

In 2005, an "environmental protection storm" broke out in mainland China. 30 projects under construction with a total investment of more than 117.9 billion yuan were stopped by the State Environmental Protection Administration, including the Three Gorges Project, which was also a ministerial-level unit. Three projects of the head office. The reason is that these projects have not undergone environmental impact assessment and are illegal projects built without approval.

There is no way back from environmental deterioration. China’s environmental problems did not begin today. As early as the 1990s, environmental pollution problems were already very serious. Such as the Huaihe River Basin. In the 1990s, Category 5 water quality accounted for 80%, and the entire Huaihe River was like a huge sewage ditch all year round. In 1995, economic losses caused by environmental pollution reached 187.5 billion yuan.

According to calculations by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the current losses caused by environmental pollution and ecological damage have accounted for 15% of the total GDP, which means that on one side there is an economic growth of 9%, and on the other side there is a loss rate of 15%.

Environmental issues are no longer just a problem for China's sustainable development, but have become a demon that devours economic results.

Currently, China’s desertified land has reached more than 2.674 million square kilometers; 471 counties in 18 provinces and autonomous regions, and the cultivated land and homes of nearly 400 million people are threatened by desertification to varying degrees, and desertification is still It is growing at a rate of more than 10,000 square kilometers per year.

Among the seven major river systems, more than 40% of the water quality has no use value at all. Of the 668 cities across the country, more than 400 are suffering from water shortages. Many of them are caused by water pollution. For example, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, is located at the intersection of the Yongjiang River, the Yaojiang River, and the Fenghua River. However, due to water pollution, when the water is most scarce, water trucks have to run day and night to transport water from rural rivers to various places in the city. enterprise.

China's average industrial added value of 10,000 yuan consumes 330 cubic meters of water and produces 230 cubic meters of sewage; for every 100 million yuan of GDP created, 288,000 tons of wastewater are discharged. There is also a large amount of domestic sewage. More than 80% of it is discharged directly into rivers without treatment. In less than 10 years, China will be without water.

One-third of the country’s urban population breathes severely polluted air, and one-third of the country’s land is eroded by acid rain. In the economically developed Zhejiang Province, the acid rain coverage rate has reached 100%. The frequency of acid rain is 11% in Shanghai and about 12% in Jiangsu. In central China and some southern cities, such as Yibin, Huaihua, Shaoxing, Zunyi, Ningbo, Wenzhou, etc., the frequency of acid rain exceeds 90%.

In China, the maximum amount of sulfur dioxide emissions allowed to basically eliminate acid rain pollution is 12 million to 14 million tons. In 2003, the national sulfur dioxide emissions reached 21.587 million tons, an increase of 12% over 2002, of which industrial emissions increased by 14.7%. at the current rate of economic development. As well as the methods and intensity of pollution control, by 2020, the sulfur dioxide emissions from thermal power plants across the country alone will reach more than 21 million tons, and the total emissions will exceed the atmospheric environment capacity by more than 1 times. This will be a serious threat to the ecological environment and public health. disaster.

On January 27, someone predicted at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland that if no rectification is taken, the sudden environmental crisis in human history will most likely cause the greatest damage to the economic and social system in the near future. appear in China in the future.

There is a saying that pollution control is in a dilemma. To control the environment while developing the economy, investment in environmental protection must reach more than 1.5% of GDP. But this is when environmental protection is already very good. In China, according to Shanghai's experience, to truly and effectively control the environment, investment in environmental protection must account for more than 3% of GDP. In the past 20 years, China's annual investment in environmental protection was 0.5% in the first half of the 1990s, and only a little more than 1% in recent years. Environmental protection is a kind of "luxury consumption" with large investment and small contribution to GDP. Therefore, some special funds that should be used for environmental protection are also misappropriated for other purposes.

Currently, China is faced with a dilemma regarding environmental issues: if it does not manage the environment, the future cannot be guaranteed; if it really needs to be managed, large-scale investment will be needed, and the current economy will be unbearable.

Some people have calculated that the enterprises around Yunnan Dianchi Lake have only created a few billion yuan in output value in the past 20 years. However, to initially restore the water quality of Dianchi Lake, at least tens of billions of yuan will be spent. It is the annual fiscal revenue of Yunnan Province. The cumulative output value of small paper mills in the Huaihe River Basin in 20 years is only 50 billion yuan. But to control the pollution caused by it, even if the main stream reaches the minimum irrigation water standard, 300 billion yuan will be needed. To restore the water quality to Category III in the 1970s would not only cost a terrible amount, but would also take at least 100 years.

The cost of breaking the law is low, but the cost of law enforcement is high. From a micro perspective, in the past 20 years, when the domestic manufacturing industry was unable to rely on technological progress to reduce energy consumption and costs, it could only tap its potential in two aspects: One is wages, and the other is environmental protection. For the simplest things, such as cement production, to meet the minimum environmental protection requirements, each ton of cement needs to increase the cost by 8 yuan, accounting for 5% of the ex-factory price of cement. The textile industry discharges more than 1 billion cubic meters of wastewater every year. If it needs to be treated, it will cost 1.2 to 1.8 yuan per ton. Increase production costs by 5%. And the vast majority of companies simply don't have such high profit margins.

Therefore, we can only fight guerrillas on environmental protection issues: either not to build any wastewater treatment facilities; or to use them as decorations after they are built, put the sewage into the treatment tank during the day, and discharge it into the river when no one is around at night, so that we can save money. A big cost. In the disorderly competition in the market, this 5% cost. It often determines the profit and loss, life and death of the enterprise.

China’s environmental law enforcement has two highs and one low—high cost of compliance, high cost of law enforcement, and low cost of breaking the law, which also contributes to this tendency. Usually, the environmental protection department spends 500,000 yuan to obtain evidence for an illegal discharge incident, and the fine that ultimately falls on the illegal enterprise is only 50,000 yuan, including the so-called "environmental protection storm" that is blowing hard. .

Some extremely large power station projects with investments of billions of yuan started construction without authorization in violation of environmental assessment, and the final fine was only 200,000 yuan. A mere fine of 200,000 yuan is a drop in the bucket for a project with an investment of over 100 million yuan. How can such a punishment deter illegal behavior? Therefore, the Environmental Protection Law has always been called the "Tofu Law".

An environmental protection storm will involve hundreds of thousands of companies, and the result will inevitably be: a large number of companies go bankrupt, a large number of people are unemployed, business costs increase significantly, and the domestic price index quickly exceeds two levels. number of digits. Therefore, both macro and micro costs are actually unbearable.

Four factors hinder environmental governance. Pan Yue, deputy director of the State Environmental Protection Administration, summed up the four reasons for the huge resistance encountered by environmental protection departments in the process of law enforcement:

First of all, some Local governments do not fully understand the scientific concept of development and simply pursue economic growth. Some projects that are expressly prohibited such as small smelting, small ferroalloys, and small chemicals with high energy consumption and heavy pollution are actually spreading in some places.

Secondly, some local governments unilaterally emphasize simplifying examination and approval and completing relevant procedures within a time limit when attracting investment. Regardless of whether the project will cause pollution, as long as it comes to invest, it will be approved. In some places, there are illegal phenomena such as "the will of the head" and "get on the bus first, buy the ticket later" in the environmental impact approval of construction projects.

Once again, the quality of environmental assessment needs to be improved urgently. Some environmental impact assessment units do not insist on scientific evaluation and do not dare to speak with objective facts and scientific data. The assessment conclusions are vague and ambiguous, and they push the conclusion of the environmental feasibility of the project to the approval department. Some even some environmental impact assessment units commit fraud and fabricate , falsify data, or conceal facts, seriously affecting the implementation of the environmental impact assessment system, making environmental impact assessment a mere formality, and losing the basic scientificity and impartiality of third-party consulting agencies.

Finally, information disclosure and public participation are insufficient. my country's current environmental impact assessment system is government-led. It is obviously insufficient to supervise a huge number of construction projects with limited government power.

In fact, the resistance encountered by the environmental impact assessment law is driven by economic interests.

Setting off a real "environmental protection storm"

China is a big country with very little room for maneuver on the environment, and it is also a country that has emerged after the global resources and markets have been basically divided. A rising country. There is no way for China to wait until the environment becomes extremely bad and then deal with it, like some pioneering countries.

But China is also a developing country. The path taken by others of first developing the economy and then controlling pollution will inevitably be followed by China.

The history of various countries around the world has shown that there is a very similar law between economic growth and environmental change: in the process of industrialization of a country, environmental pollution will increase at a high speed in line with the GDP. During the period of growth, especially the era of heavy and chemical industry: when GDP grows to a certain level, with the upgrading of the industrial structure and the increase in residents' willingness to pay for the environment. After reaching a turning point, the pollution level will suddenly decline with the growth of GDP, until the pollution level returns to below the environmental capacity. This is the so-called environmental Kuznets curve, and Japan's development process was based on this law.

There is no doubt that it is impossible for China to transcend such an era of heavy and chemical industry. Because China has too many people and the country is too big, it cannot directly enter the high-tech era with the help of global division of labor when its domestic manufacturing industry is not yet developed, like Finland.

In the late 1990s, the author returned to his hometown in southern Jiangsu. Gone are the days when he was a child with clear river water and four towns and eight towns within four villages and towns by boat.

What surprised the author is that the main factor causing this situation turned out to be the most common domestic garbage. In China, even without industrial development, the pollutants brought by population growth are enough to degrade the environment to an intolerable level. Even controlling such pollution requires large investments and an economic foundation.

China has a long way to go to deal with pollution issues. It needs to act in accordance with the law to prevent the occurrence of vicious environmental incidents and slow down the rate of environmental deterioration.

White pollution" mainly refers to the two negative effects of "visual pollution" and "potential harm" to the environment caused by plastic waste that is not properly managed and processed.

Is it okay?