Which country in the Middle East is famous for its water-saving agriculture?

Israel is a country in the Middle East that is very short of fresh water resources. The government has been aware of the importance of water conservation since the founding of the country, so it has been spending huge sums of money on research on increasing sources of water resources and reducing expenditures, with remarkable results. People who are new to Israel will quickly discover that there are two buttons on the toilet here, a small one and a large one, which are used for flushing after defecation, and the flushing volume differs by half. Relevant studies show that about half of household water flows away from flush toilets. Therefore, Israel's water-saving measures, starting with flush toilets, are no fuss. In Israel, we hardly see slogans about water conservation, but we can always feel the practical practices of Israelis to save water. For example, except for professional car washes, we have never seen anyone washing a car. After asking around, we learned that Israel prohibits anyone from washing cars with water before sunset. The Israeli government imposes strict regulations on water resources. The Water Resources Law promulgated in 1959 stipulates that all water resources in Israel are owned by the state and shall be allocated and used uniformly by the state. No unit or individual may exploit groundwater at will. Israel has set up a Water Resources Committee specifically for this purpose, which is specifically responsible for formulating water prices, allocation and supervision of water resources. The Water Resources Commission determines water prices and water supply quantities based on water consumption and water quality. Water prices for urban residents are much higher than those for farmers, and the government also charges urban residents additional sewage treatment fees. Generally speaking, for a family of four living in an urban area, the government provides a water quota of 24 cubic meters per month at US$1.20 per cubic meter. The excess amount will be priced at US$5 per cubic meter. Agricultural production consumes a lot of water. In order to encourage farmers to save water, the government has set a ladder price for farmers' water use: the lowest price is within 60% of the water quota, and the highest price is for water that exceeds 80% of the quota. Israel's terrain is long and narrow from north to south, and annual precipitation is very uneven. Water resources are concentrated in the north and center, but farmland is mainly distributed in the east and arid south. Therefore, the government invested in the construction of the "North-South Water Diversion" project - the national water supply system, which was put into use in 1964. It transports 400 million tons of water from the Lake of Galilee in the north to the arid Negev area in the south every year. At the same time, the government also sends excess water to the eastern Mediterranean coastal areas in winter and spring when there is abundant rain in the north, and injects it into underground aquifers to prevent seawater from intruding due to lower groundwater levels. If the national water supply system is compared to a large artery, then the small water supply systems across the country connected to it are like capillaries, connected to each other, forming a network that extends in all directions. Water boards can allocate water as needed. Since the founding of Israel, agricultural irrigation water has dropped from 8,000 tons per hectare to 5,000 tons, but the arable land area has increased by nearly 1.8 million hectares. Drip irrigation technology for agriculture is a masterpiece among many water-saving technologies. Drip irrigation technology can transport water directly to the roots of crops, saving 20% ??of water than sprinkler irrigation, and the application of drip irrigation on cultivated land with a large slope will not aggravate soil erosion. Fertilizer manufacturers are also trying their best to develop products that are soluble in water and can be applied simultaneously with drip irrigation. In terms of increasing water sources, Israel has increased investment in sewage treatment and desalination projects. In the mid-1990s, Israel formulated a long-term plan to increase water resources, including the construction of a desalination plant with an annual output of 400 million tons of fresh water and a sewage treatment plant with an annual output of 500 million tons of purified water. Israel plans to use recycled water from reprocessed sewage for agricultural irrigation in the future.