The establishment of primary school students' civilized etiquette has established a social fashion of stressing civilization and understanding etiquette.

China is an ancient civilization with a long history of 5,000 years. It not only forms a splendid culture, but also has many excellent traditional virtues. The history of China can be said to be a history of etiquette. Confucianism takes etiquette as the first priority in the world, emphasizing the rule of the country by etiquette and the rule of the family by etiquette. From ancient times to the present, many highly civilized and polite people have emerged, such as Kong Rong and Zhou Enlai. With the development of market economy and social progress, people need more civilized manners to establish a good social image. At today's Olympic Games, we should inherit and carry forward traditional culture, develop civilized etiquette norms, strive to be civilized citizens of Beijing and establish a brand-new social fashion.

Etiquette is etiquette and ceremony, which has three elements: language, behavior expression and clothing utensils. Generally speaking, any major ceremony needs to have these three elements at the same time to complete. There are many kinds of etiquette, which can be divided into personal etiquette, family etiquette, social etiquette, business etiquette, as well as foreign affairs etiquette, customs etiquette, etiquette documents and so on.

From the perspective of personal cultivation, etiquette can be said to be the external expression of a person's inner cultivation and quality. From the perspective of communication, etiquette can be said to be an art, a way of communication, or a communication method suitable for interpersonal communication. It is a customary practice to show respect and friendship in interpersonal communication. From the perspective of communication, etiquette can be said to be a skill of mutual communication in interpersonal communication.

In our daily life, work and study, everyone's behavior reflects whether his behavior is civilized or not. To put it mildly, people will be laughed at if they don't pay attention to civility and politeness in their communication, especially with foreigners. To put it more seriously, if different ethnic groups don't respect each other (their own customs or etiquette), they may provoke ethnic hatred and struggle.

The main functions of etiquette, from a personal point of view, are: first, it helps to improve people's cultivation; Second, it helps to beautify oneself and life; It is helpful to promote people's social communication and improve people's interpersonal relationship; It also helps to purify the social atmosphere.

Etiquette is the minimum moral standard that people are required to abide by. It is gradually formed in people's life and communication and is fixed by customs and traditions. For a person, etiquette is the external expression of a person's ideological and moral level, cultural literacy and communicative competence. For a society, etiquette is a reflection of a country's social civilization, moral fashion and living habits. Paying attention to and developing etiquette education has become an important content of moral practice. Laws and systems belong to the bottom line of social norms. Although it is important, it is only the most basic and important norms in society, and it cannot cover all aspects of social life. For example, if the value of theft exceeds a certain amount according to the law, criminal responsibility shall be investigated; if the amount of criminal responsibility cannot be investigated, public security punishment may be given according to the regulations on public security management. However, what if the conditions for public security punishment are not enough, such as stealing other people's clothes? If all members of society can steal, what kind of society will this society be? However, the law can't handle stealing chickens and dogs. What do we do? This depends on morality. In fact, not stealing is not only a moral requirement, but also a etiquette requirement. Because petty theft is obviously impolite. This is true of petty theft, and it is also true of other aspects. Therefore, Fiona Fang can't be without rules, and Fiona Fang can't be without manners.

Judging from the realistic conditions of etiquette, we must learn etiquette knowledge. There are conditions for being polite. First of all, etiquette needs a certain material foundation. Even some basic etiquette that we usually advocate is no exception. Don't spit everywhere, you need a material basis of paper towels and dirt buckets; It is necessary to improve the facilities of public toilets without defecating anywhere. Therefore, etiquette should be practical, and it will become a burden if etiquette is too cumbersome or ahead of schedule. Rich people can wear evening dresses and formal suits to parties, but farmers don't need to wear suits when they go up the mountain to cut firewood. Secondly, etiquette has distinct regional characteristics. In most countries, it is a courtesy to shake hands when friends meet, but in the Middle East, casual handshaking between the opposite sex will be punished. For another example, in western countries, it is normal for friends to hug each other when they meet, but in our country, if ordinary friends of the opposite sex hug easily, they will be laughed at by others and even considered as sexual harassment. Similarly, in China, it is uncivilized and impolite to spit in the street, but it will become a joke for farmers to ask for spitting in pots when they are farming in the fields. Therefore, etiquette should conform to the national conditions, not copy it, but seek truth from facts.

The content of etiquette education covers all aspects of social life. From the content point of view, there are appearance, behavior, expression, clothing, speech, treating people and so on; From the object, there are personal etiquette, public etiquette, hospitality etiquette, table etiquette, gift etiquette, civilized communication and so on. The code of conduct in the process of interpersonal communication is called etiquette, and the performance of etiquette in speech action is called politeness. To strengthen moral practice, we should pay attention to etiquette, so that people can communicate with each other on the principles of respect, self-discipline, moderation and sincerity, and bid farewell to uncivilized words and deeds.

Advocate civilized social etiquette. Combined with social morality education, we vigorously advocate the concept of civilized etiquette, such as being polite, helping others, caring for public property, protecting the environment and observing social public order. Enter stations, parks, communities and other places to stop uncivilized phenomena by distributing publicity materials. In view of the outstanding problems in current public life, we should vigorously publicize the etiquette such as civilized surfing the Internet, civilized dining, civilized driving, civilized riding, caring for public property and protecting the environment, and focus on correcting uncivilized behaviors such as illegal exercise, illegal parking, littering, spitting, damaging greening and public property, and guide people to be good citizens who understand etiquette rules, speak civilized language and keep public order, and strive to form. Vigorously advocate professional etiquette norms with dedication, honesty and trustworthiness, fairness and justice, and enthusiasm for service as the main content, and provide quality services to customers with good service attitude, service quality and standardized behavior language.

Etiquette, etiquette and politeness are rich and varied, but each has its own regularity. Its basic etiquette principles are: first, the principle of respecting people; Second, the principle of self-discipline, that is, self-denial, prudence, initiative, voluntariness, courtesy, self-comparison, self-reflection, self-demand, self-discipline, self-control, arrogance, duplicity; The third is the principle of moderation, moderation and control; Fourth, the principle of sincerity, treat people sincerely, treat people sincerely, don't take part in accidental amusement, and behave differently.

Let's take active actions, learn etiquette knowledge, promote the formation of etiquette habits, start from me, start from small things around us, focus on shaping a good image of innovative, honest, inclusive, open and civilized Beijingers, establish a social fashion that stresses civilization and understands etiquette, and make our own efforts to accelerate the construction of an international city! Celebrity etiquette story

Sean is a master.

Sean (? -Former 186), a strategist of Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Western Han Dynasty. His ancestors were Koreans. After Qin destroyed Korea, he decided to avenge South Korea. Once, because of the attempted assassination of Qin Shihuang, he was hunted down and took refuge in Xiapi.

Sean has nothing to do next time. One day, while walking on Xiapi Bridge, he met an old man wearing a coarse cloth and a short coat. He walked beside Sean and deliberately dropped his shoes under the bridge. Then he turned to Sean and said, "Son! Get off the bridge and pick up my shoes! " Sean was shocked and wanted to give him a beating, but when he saw that he was an old man, he held back his anger and picked up the shoes under the bridge. The old man ordered again: "put on your shoes!" " "Sean thought that since he picked up the shoes, he might as well put them on, so he knelt on the ground and put them on himself. The old man put out his foot and asked Sean to help him put it on. Then he left with a smile. Sean has been watching his whereabouts with surprised eyes. The old man walked down the corridor, then turned to Sean and said, "You are a child who can be trained to be a successful person. Meet me here at dawn in the morning five days later! " Sean knelt down and said, "Yes." At first light on the fifth day, Sean arrived at Xiapi Bridge. Unexpectedly, the old man was already waiting there. When he saw Zhang Liang, he said angrily, "Why are you late for your date with the old man? Come back the next morning on the fifth day! " Say that finish and left. On the morning of the fifth day, as soon as the chicken crowed, Sean rushed over, but the old man was waiting there again. When he saw Zhang Liang, he said angrily, "Why did you fall behind me again? "Come early in five days!" Then he left again. On the fifth day, Sean arrived at the bridge before midnight. After a long wait, the old man came. He said happily, "Great." Then he took out a book, pointed to it and said, "If you study this book carefully, you can be the emperor's teacher!" " ! In ten years, the world will change and you will be rich. In the next 13 years, you will see me at the foot of Gucheng Mountain in Jibei County-there is a yellow stone there that is me. "The old man said and went away.

At dawn in the morning, Sean took out his book and read it. It turned out to be Sun Tzu's Art of War (assisted by Zhou Wuwang)! Sean cherishes it very much, often reads it carefully, and studies and studies it repeatedly.

10 years later, Chen Sheng and others rose up against the state of Qin, and more than 100 people responded. Pei Gong Liu Bang led thousands of troops and captured some places west of Xiapi. Sean joined him and became his subordinate. Since then, he has often given advice to Pei Gong according to Sun Tzu's Art of War, and Pei recognized it as very good and often adopted his strategy. Later, he became Liu Bang's strategist who strategized and won thousands of miles. After Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, he was named Liu Hou.

Sean will never forget the old man who taught him the art of war. 13 years later, when he followed Liu Bang through Jibei, he saw a yellow stone at the foot of the ancient city mountain and took it back, calling it "Huang Shigong", which was a treasure and sacrificed on time. After Sean died, his family buried Yellowstone National Park with him. Premier Zhou Enlai lives in the West Flower Hall of Zhongnanhai and leads a simple life. This can be seen from the house and yard where he lives. He has not been allowed to decorate and renovate his house and yard since he moved in.

In the early 1960s, the staff around Zhou Enlai took advantage of Premier's overseas visit to protect and strengthen the building. They only did some simple interior decoration and replaced curtains, washbasins and bathtubs. Zhou Enlai was very angry when he came home and severely criticized them. Afterwards, he earnestly said to the people around him: As the Prime Minister, I made a good start and had a great influence; It has damaged the head and affected a large area. Therefore, I must be strict with myself ... What do the people think of you spending so much money to repair my house so well? Once everyone learns to build a house, what kind of influence will it have in the crowd? Zhou Enlai's remarks are thought-provoking. Since then, no one has dared to mention the decoration of the house.

Deng said in his memorial to: In the early days of liberation, you happened to see this blooming courtyard of begonia and fell in love with it. You have chosen this yard and lived in this yard where begonia is in full bloom for 26 years. It has always maintained the solemn, quiet, beautiful and simple style of the founding Prime Minister.

As Marshal Chen Yi said, Zhou Enlai is also an honest and clean man. In the early days of the People's Republic of China, Chen Yi was the mayor of Shanghai. I once gave a speech to a business person. There were precious flowers and exquisite tea sets on the podium. As soon as Chen Yi came to power, he said: I am easily excited when I speak, and I easily dance when I am excited. If these things on the lecture table are damaged by me, I, the mayor of the supply system, really can't afford to pay for them, so I ask the moderator for support and take them off first. The participants immediately gave a relaxed laugh.

At a meeting in the 1960s, Chen Yi shouted loudly for the implementation of the intellectual policy: bourgeois intellectuals should not be placed on all intellectuals who have been reformed and tested for decades! Speaking of this, Chen Yi took off his hat, bowed to the delegates, and then said loudly: Today, I took off my hat for you! This sincere feeling and just right sense of humor moved the participants.

Most of Chen Yi's speeches don't have to be written. However, he is eloquent, and Kan Kan also talked about this point, often convincing the audience with clever and interesting words. At a meeting, someone saw him holding a manuscript paper and looked down from time to time, only to find that it was a blank piece of paper. Manager Chen, how do you use the blank speech? He was asked after the meeting. He replied: I don't need a manuscript. People will say that I am not serious and talk nonsense. Luo Ruiqing is a famous strategist in China. 1906 was born in Nanchong county, Sichuan province. 1926 joined the China Youth League and studied at the Whampoa Military Academy Wuhan Branch in the same year. 1928, transferred from * * * Youth League to China * * * Production Party. 1929 Join the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, he served as the director and vice president of education of China People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political University, and the director of the Eighth Route Army Political Department. During the war of liberation, he held various positions. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as Minister of Public Security of the Central People's Government, Commander and Political Commissar of the Public Security Army, Vice Premier the State Council, Secretary-General of the Central Military Commission, Chief of Staff of the China People's Liberation Army, Deputy Minister of National Defense and Director of the National Defense Industry Office, and Secretary-General of the Central Military Commission.

Luo Ruiqing was awarded the rank of General 1955 for his outstanding military contributions over the years. Liu Bocheng (1892- 1986), * * * and Guo yuanshuai. Formerly known as Liu, he was born in Kaixian County, Sichuan Province. 19 1 1 Revolution of 1911 broke out 10 In June, he joined the student army in Wanxian, Sichuan. Thus began a 70-year military career.

19 12 Spring, Liu Bocheng was admitted to Chongqing Army General School. He graduated ahead of schedule at the end of the year, joined the 5th Division of Sichuan Army as a trainee platoon leader, and joined the "second revolution" against Yuan Shikai with the Ministry. During the war, Liu Bocheng was promoted to company commander for meritorious service.

19 15 12 in Fuling, Sichuan, Liu Bocheng formed the fourth detachment of the Sichuan national defense army and participated in the second anti-yuan war, that is, the national defense war. 1965438+In March, 2006, Liu Bocheng was shot twice in the head and seriously injured in his right eye when he led the troops to attack Fengdu. Due to the limited medical conditions at that time, Dr. Dejiwo did not use any anesthetic to protect his cranial nerves when he removed his right eyeball. At the beginning of the operation, Liu Bocheng was holding his post, sweating profusely and saying nothing, and the operation was successfully completed. Dr. Wo couldn't help but say with emotion: "You are not a soldier, but a military god! Army god! There is really the spirit of scraping bones and healing in Guan Yunchang, the Three Kingdoms! " . Marshal Zhu De, 1886, 1 was born in Li Jiawan, Yilong County, Sichuan Province in February. For generations, they lived by renting out the land of landlords, and worked hard all the year round to make ends meet. A few hours before Zhu De was born, Zhu De's mother was still working. Zhu Desheng was born in such a family that he began to do what he could from an early age. When I was five years old, I went up the mountain to cut wood and grass.

Zhu De was able to go to school because he adopted his childless uncle Zhu Shilin, who liked him very much and changed his fate. At the age of six, Zhu De entered a private school. At the age of twenty, he entered Nanchong County Middle School. A year later, he was admitted to the sports school affiliated to Sichuan higher education institutions. Because of the influence of bourgeois democratic thought here, the consciousness of saving the country through education has emerged. After graduation, on 1908, several classmates and friends were invited back to Yilong County to organize a higher primary school, and Zhu Deren was appointed as the school's physical education teaching and general affairs. The number of students has increased rapidly from a few to more than 70. Although schools were established, local tyrants and evil gentry opposed new ideas and suppressed education. The darkness of society, the sufferings of the people and the decay of the ruling class made Zhu De realize that education could not save the country. He resolutely abandoned religion to join the army and embarked on a tortuous and great revolutionary road. In the history of China, there are many scientists besides scholars and emperors, and Zhang Heng is one of them. Zhang Heng has done many things in his life, but his most famous invention is the "seismograph". During that period, earthquakes often occurred. Sometimes several times a year. A big earthquake will bring a lot of harm to the people and the country.

At that time, the emperor and ordinary people regarded the earthquake as an ominous sign and thought it was caused by ghosts and gods. However, Zhang Heng does not believe in evil spirits. After careful investigation and experiment of recorded earthquake phenomena, he invented an instrument that can detect earthquakes, called seismograph.

The seismograph is made of bronze and looks like a jar. There are eight dragons around it, and the faucet extends in eight directions. Every dragon has a small copper ball in its mouth. There is a toad with a big mouth under the tap. When there is an earthquake in any direction, the dragon mouth in that direction will automatically open and spit out copper balls. The copper ball fell into toad's mouth and made a loud noise, telling people that there was an earthquake there.

One day in February 138, the seismograph suddenly opened its mouth to the west and spit out a copper ball. This is a report about the earthquake in the west. However, there was no sign of an earthquake in Luoyang that day, let alone what happened nearby. As a result, there was a lot of discussion in court, saying that Zhang Heng's seismograph was a lie. A few days later, someone rode a fast horse and reported to the court that there was a big earthquake in Jincheng and Longxi, more than 1000 miles away from Luoyang, and even the mountains collapsed. Guys, this is really convincing.

Although Zhang Heng was not successful politically, his scientific inventions and experiments left brilliant achievements in the history of science in China. Mr. Lu Xun had an indissoluble bond with movies all his life. During most of his life, Mr. Lu Xun went to the cinema more often. He doesn't stick to one pattern when watching movies, especially paying attention to the taste of movies. At that time, Lu Xun highly praised the progressive foreign films. I have a special liking for early revolutionary films of the former Soviet Union, such as Xia Boyang and Revenge Encounter (Dubrovski). Xu Guangping once recalled that as for the Soviet film Lu Xun, he refused to miss every movie. We went to any cinema, no matter far or near, and focused on movies. Although it was difficult to see these films at that time, Mr. Lu Xun managed to watch 10. Just before his death 10 days, he also watched the revenge adventure adapted from Pushkin's novel. Lu Xun regarded it as the most comforting, favorite and unforgettable film before his death and recommended it to his friends.

He accepts and appreciates American movies with a take-away attitude. In the 1920s and 1930s, American movies spread to cinemas all over the world, full of colorful American cultural characteristics. As for American films introduced to China, although Mr. Lu Xun sometimes expresses his dissatisfaction and anger, it has become an important way for him to inspect American culture and a kind of cultural entertainment. According to statistics, during the period of 1927- 1936 100, Lu Xun saw 142 movies, including American movies 12 1 part. He made a fair evaluation of Hollywood adventure films, comedies, detective films and musicals, and especially gave warm appreciation to Chaplin's first sound film, City Lights. What he watched most was the adventure films shot on the spot by the American documentary genre, with as many as 37 films, such as "Antarctic Adventure" and "Wonders of Man and Animals", and some of them were watched more than once.

Lu Xun enthusiastically supported China's left-wing film career. In the postscript to Quasi-romantic Ghosts in China Literature, he denounced the criminal acts of the agents of Blue Clothes Society who destroyed Yihua Film Company by fascist means and banned Tian Han and early progressive films. Especially for the suicide of Ruan, an early progressive actor, and the death of members of the left-wing drama association, Lu Xun wrote an angry article "On How Great". Lu Xun was not interested in some bad movies at that time. In view of the boredom of movies, Lu Xun once took the lead in saying: Today's China movies are still influenced by the style of "gifted scholars plus hooligans" ... People feel that if they want to be heroes and good people, they must also become hooligans. Cao Cao was a famous strategist, politician and writer in the Three Kingdoms period. The word Meng De, alias Ayun. Cao Cao was alert and brave since childhood. Xi Ping, the emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was commander in chief in the north of Luoyang for three years. After he entered the official career, he confronted the eunuch group to which his ancestors belonged. Dong Zhuo entered the DPRK for exclusive power, but Cao Cao refused to win over. He assembled 5,000 troops and supported the separatist regime like a local strongman. Later, Cao Cao forced Emperor Xiandi of Han Dynasty to move to Xudu, and took the son of heaven as a vassal, in charge of the military and political affairs.

Cao Cao was a soldier all his life. He is good at selecting and using generals, is strict in running the army, and has clear rewards and punishments. One thing can clearly show this side of Cao Cao. Once, his rider was frightened and ran into a wheat field. For serious military discipline, he cut off his hair on the spot to replace his head.

Cao Cao is good at the art of war and wrote hundreds of thousands of words of art books. His "A Brief Explanation of Sun Tzu" initiated the collation of Thirteen Chapters of Sun Tzu and enriched and developed China's ancient military theory. Cao Caobing's view of war based on righteousness, cunning theory of winning by surprise, attention to logistics support and foresight in strengthening the construction of water army are highly respected by future generations. Yang Zhenning, a native of Hefei, Anhui Province, 1945 went to the United States, 1948 completed his doctorate at the University of Chicago, 1957 won the Nobel Prize in Physics, and 1996 was awarded honorary doctorates by Tsinghua and Jiaotong University.

From 65438 to 0957, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao cooperated to overthrow Einstein's parity conservation law and won the Nobel Prize in physics, which is considered as one of the milestones in physics. Although they have become Americans, when the news came, China people were proud of it. When accepting the Nobel Prize, Yang Zhenning said in his speech: I am deeply aware of the fact that, in a broad sense, I am the product of China culture and western culture, and the product of harmony and conflict between the two sides. I want to say that I am proud of my China tradition. Similarly, I am committed to modern science. Wu Jianxiong (1912.5.21~1997.216), known as the queen of nuclear physics and Madame Curie of China, is recognized as the most outstanding female physicist in the world. Her efforts are well known. At school, if you can't finish your homework and can't think of a topic, you won't sleep. When she graduated from Central University, she graduated with a total score of 86.3, ranking first in the whole school.

Wu Jianxiong didn't concentrate on reading sage books in college. When the September 18th Incident happened, the students of Central University were angry and flocked to dress up and demonstrate. Physics students elected Wu Jianxiong as the leader of the procession and petition. She is very calculating, pays attention to strategy, and carefully chooses the route and time of the parade. In order to ask the government to resist Japan, the students were led to sit in the presidential palace compound and braved the snow until late at night. Professor Tian, who has a deep relationship with her, recalled that her performance in all aspects was even better than that of Madame Curie in the west. She is not only conscientious in her work, but also shows her management and leadership skills, advocating the knowledge of gender equality, and her refreshing lifestyle is convincing. Her influence on contemporary and later generations is bound to surpass that of Madame Curie.