What should I do丨How to improve students’ safety awareness and self-protection capabilities

How to improve students' safety awareness and self-protection ability

It is the nature of children to be active. Even if the class teacher nags and advises every day and emphasizes "pay attention to safety, pay attention to safety", But children are children after all. They forget everything as soon as they start playing. If you are not careful, safety problems may easily occur. No, when a student was walking back to class from the corridor, he was knocked down by a student who suddenly ran towards him. When he was helped up, his forehead was swollen... (This case was provided by Jilin Zhang Hua)

In the face of frequent campus safety accidents, as a class teacher, how should we take safety protection measures and improve students' self-protection awareness and self-protection capabilities? The "What should I do" column of this magazine has conducted in-depth research on this issue, and now the research results, which combine the wisdom of many front-line teachers and expert guidance, are released for the reference of all class teachers.

A safety accident:

Never forget the past, you will be the guide for the future

According to statistics, about 16,000 primary and secondary school students die abnormally every year across the country. On average, 44 students die every day from traffic accidents, food poisoning, drowning, etc., which is equivalent to one class disappearing every day! About 80% of them could have been avoided through prevention and emergency response, including in the face of so-called force majeure natural disasters. Society, schools, and teachers should have done a lot for our children... Therefore, the editor has selected some representative Sexual cases are classified in detail as follows. Accidents are not stories. We can learn from the past and we cannot repeat the same mistakes.

(1) Common campus accidents

1 Campus stampede

On November 29, 2010, a stampede occurred at the No. 5 Primary School in Aksu City, Xinjiang, killing 41 people. Students were injured, 6 of them were seriously injured, and 1 was in critical condition due to severe organ damage.

From 2000 to 2009, 28 campus stampedes occurred in *** in China. For example, on December 7, 2009, a serious stampede occurred when students at Yucai Middle School in Xiangxiang City, Hunan Province were finishing their evening self-study class, resulting in 8 deaths and 26 injuries; on October 16, 2005, the First Agricultural Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps When students from the primary school affiliated to the No. 2 Middle School went downstairs to participate in the flag-raising ceremony, a stampede occurred, killing one student and injuring 12 others. On September 23, 2002, the No. 2 Middle School in Fengzhen, Inner Mongolia, suffered a collapse of the stair railings and no lights. As a result, 21 students were crushed to death and 47 others were injured in the dark.

2 Injuries caused by school buildings and facilities

On May 26, 2010, Guihua Village Primary School, Bobai Town, Bobai County, Guangxi organized students to attend labor classes, and the retaining wall suddenly collapsed and crushed the students on the spot. 24 students were injured, 3 of whom died due to excessive injuries.

On January 21, 2003, a school building collapsed at Jinyu Village Primary School, Dexin Town, Deyang City, Sichuan. Students playing in the classroom were injured by the collapsed roof. One student died on the spot, and another 18 people were injured.

On December 28, 2008, a student in the first grade of Qiaohua School in Hohhot climbed onto the basketball stand and was injured by the collapsed basketball stand. He died after rescue efforts failed.

3 Food Poisoning

On April 22, 2011, some primary school students in the Yuhe Town Central Primary School in Yulin City, Shaanxi Province developed symptoms of collective discomfort after eating breakfast. 16 of them had fever, diarrhea, Pain, diarrhea and other symptoms suspected of food poisoning. A total of 251 students were sent to the hospital for treatment.

On May 12, 2011, 14 students from Wannan No. 1 Hope Primary School in Jing County, Anhui Province developed dizziness, vomiting and other symptoms after lunch. According to the investigation, this was a mass food poisoning incident caused by the lack of sanitation and disinfection equipment in the school.

4 Fires and explosions

On the evening of June 9, 2002, a fire broke out at Sanyuanzhuang Primary School, Yangjie Town, Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County, Yunnan Province. Eight boys who lived in the school died due to The door of the dormitory was locked and all of them were burned to death. The oldest was 14 years old and the youngest was 7 years old. As a result, a small village with only 32 households almost lost a generation.

On March 6, 2002, an explosion occurred at Fanglin Village Primary School in Tanbu Town, Wanzai County, Jiangxi Province, killing at least 42 people and injuring many others. Most of the dead were children.

5 In-class accidents in physical education and experiments

On March 16, 2011, a girl from Lijiatuo Primary School in Banan, Chongqing fell from the table tennis table to the ground during a physical education class. After school in the afternoon, the parents took their children to the hospital for examination and found a large area of ??intracranial hemorrhage, and a craniotomy was performed overnight.

On May 12, 2011, a student from a technical school in Dongyang City, Zhejiang Province was accidentally electrocuted while doing an experiment.

6 School Violence

On May 4, 2011, Tian, ??a first-year student at Changcheng Middle School in Changyuan County, Henan, had an argument with his classmate Cheng because he was asking for money he owed. Cheng and another student crushed his skull with an ax and hammer and died.

7 students were playing carelessly

On March 16, 2009, an eighth-grade student of Zongwen Xiaoying Experimental School in Hangzhou stayed with several other classmates during extracurricular activities. There was a fight in the classroom and he accidentally fell out of the window on the second floor. Fortunately, he only suffered a fracture in his right leg.

8 Teachers’ corporal punishment

On December 24, 2009, a first-grade student from Changling Middle School in Wangjiang County, Anhui Province was hit on the head with a wooden stick by his class teacher because he was late for class, and his head was stitched up. Three or four shots and a slight concussion.

(2) Common accidents outside school

1 Traffic accidents

According to statistics, about 8,000 primary and secondary school students die in traffic accidents in my country every year. Road traffic accidents have become one of the main causes of accidental casualties among primary and secondary school students.

For example: On April 29, 2011, Jin Enshan, a senior boy from Changchun Hope High School in Changchun, was seriously injured by a speeding car while crossing the road at the school gate, and his life was in critical condition; November 2006 On November 7, an unlicensed and unlicensed passenger and cargo vehicle in Fengjie County, Chongqing City had a major traffic accident while privately transporting 27 middle school students on their way back to school, killing 5 students and seriously injuring 3 others; November 14, 2005 On the same day, a driver from the Bailong Automobile Transport Company in Licheng County, Changzhi, Shanxi Province lost control of his large truck due to fatigue driving and crashed into a group of students from Qinyuan No. 2 Middle School who were doing morning exercises on the highway, killing 21 people, including 20 students, One teacher and 18 people were injured.

2 Drowning

In 2009, Wang Dinghua, deputy director of the Basic Education Department of the Ministry of Education, said in an interview that more than 70% of student deaths during the summer vacation were caused by drowning. Taking 2010 as an example, 19 students drowned in Henan Province alone in just over a month during the summer vacation.

On April 26, 2011, several boys from a primary school in Lu'an City, Anhui Province went to play by the river near the school. A boy accidentally fell into the water. During the rescue, five people were unfortunately swept away by the rapids. It is reported that four of them are left-behind children.

On May 3, 2010, four primary school students from Xiaojia Village, Raofeng Town, Poyang County, Jiangxi Province, went to Guanhu Reservoir to play in the water during the May Day holiday and unfortunately drowned.

(3) Natural disasters

Including accidents caused by earthquakes, floods, mudslides, lightning strikes, typhoons, etc.

On June 10, 2005, more than a hundred primary school students in Shalan Town Primary School in Ning'an City, Heilongjiang Province died in a flood. There are not many students of this age left in the town.

In the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, more than 300, nearly 500 and 327 students died respectively in Juyuan Middle School, Xinjian Primary School and Xiang'e Middle School in Dujiangyan City due to the collapse of school buildings. .

On November 11, 2009, due to continuous heavy snowfall, the roof of the cafeteria of Longfeng Private School in Mingguan Town, Yongnian County, Handan City, Hebei Province collapsed, injuring 28 students, including 3 deaths.

(4) Unlawful infringement

Including harm caused by vicious social cases, sexual assault, drugs, online dating, robbery, etc.

1 Socially Vicious Cases

In just one month and seven days in 2010, five campus killing incidents occurred in China: On March 23, During school hours, a middle-aged man stabbed and killed 13 primary school students in front of the experimental primary school in Nanping City, Fujian Province, killing 8 children and injuring 5 others.

On April 12, a murder occurred about 400 meters in front of the Xizhen Primary School in Hepu County, Guangxi. One of the two dead was an 8-year-old primary school student; the five injured included three primary school students and a child who was not enrolled in school. On April 28, a man stabbed 15 students and a teacher at Leicheng No. 1 Primary School in Leizhou City, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province with a knife. On April 29, an unemployed man entered the Taixing Town Central Kindergarten in Taixing City, Jiangsu Province and stabbed 31 people with a knife, including 28 children, 2 teachers, and 1 security guard. Five of them were seriously injured. On April 30, a man riding a motorcycle and carrying a hammer broke into Shangzhuang Primary School in Weifang, Shandong Province, and injured five preschool students with the hammer.

2 Sexual Assault

The former principal of Baoshan Primary School in Qibaoshan Township, Liuyang City, Hunan Province, a veteran teacher with 28 years of teaching experience, has molested at least 11 female students, the youngest of whom was 10 years old, the oldest is only 13 years old.

A 26-year-old male teacher from a rural primary school in Tonghua City, Jilin, raped and molested 19 female students in his class dozens of times in the four years starting in 1998...

3 Internet friends were accidentally killed

In January 2004, a female middle school student in Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, believed a "netizen"'s lie about meeting her. After being insulted, she ran away angrily and fell from a third-floor window to her death. , and was later dumped into the mountains and forests.

(5) Suicide and self-mutilation

On May 3, 2011, a boy in the second grade of No. 1 Middle School in Ningyuan County, Hunan Province was expelled from school for reading online novels and playing MP4 in class. After begging the teacher for forgiveness to no avail, he committed suicide by jumping from the fourth floor of the school.

On July 12, 2009, a female student in the first grade of Zhuhai Experimental Middle School in Guangdong committed suicide by jumping from the sixth floor of her dormitory due to an emotional dispute.

Second safety education:

Be prepared for danger in times of peace, and remember to practice it

Faced with such shocking data and cases, we have to think about: how to protect students’ personal safety Safety? Of course, student safety is the responsibility of the entire society, and providing safety education to students is an unshirkable responsibility of teachers. Safety education should focus on three aspects: the development of safety awareness, the acquisition of safety knowledge and skills, and safety-related psychological factors. Among them, the cultivation of safety awareness is the foundation of safety education, and the acquisition of safety knowledge and skills ensures the scientific and effective safety education. The emphasis on students' adolescent mental health and the cultivation of psychological quality in the face of danger are also important in safety education. essential.

1 Safety education must speak with facts

Students’ weak safety awareness is mainly due to their lack of rich life experience and lack of practical feelings about things. Therefore, when faced with students who have no experience, general preaching has little effect. It is necessary to let the facts speak for themselves and use perceptual knowledge to improve their safety concepts. At the monthly safety-themed class meeting, I have a repertoire: reading to students various safety accidents that have occurred in primary and secondary schools across the country in the past month, so as to arouse the whole class's attention to safety issues. Stimulate their nerves with bloody facts and help them realize that: trampling accidents, boiling water burns, food poisoning, sports injuries, gas poisoning... these safety issues may happen to everyone at any time. When exposed to living facts, students' minds will naturally be shocked and they will have a new understanding of safety issues. (Gu Zhiguo Ye County Senior High School, Henan Province 467200, Li Jianke Jishui Middle School, Lianjiang City, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province 524471)

2 Regular safety warnings are indispensable

Although students always feel that the teacher talks about Safety issues are very wordy, but the class teacher must insist on putting forward safety warnings and requirements. Although students may not like to hear it at the time, when encountering specific situations, the teacher's warnings and requirements will definitely make students think twice before committing dangerous behaviors.

For example, I require students to listen carefully to the teacher's requirements before class, especially during physical education classes and recess exercises, follow the physical education teacher's arrangements and not engage in private activities; when doing experiments in physics and chemistry classes, listen carefully to the teacher's instructions Experimental guidance, do not be careless when doing experiments, handle glass equipment gently and slowly, do not turn on the power without permission; do not play pranks during recess, such as suddenly taking away other people's stools, tripping others with your feet... (Netizen: Yanshan Rose)

3 Tell the "stories" around you

Every time I "instill" safety awareness in students, I will tell them in detail the problems that have arisen among the students I have taught. Students listen, so that students no longer simply listen to it as a story, but deeply realize that danger is around them. You can also use the form of "symposium" to let students who have suffered safety injuries in activities such as playing, riding in cars, spring outings, crossing the road, sports, etc. to express their opinions; let students tell their neighbors, relatives and friends This kind of interactive communication between students can make students feel more directly and impressive than the teacher's words about the causes and consequences of safety accidents that have occurred. At the same time, with the reinforcement of living examples, students will consciously infiltrate safety awareness into their daily lives at all times and everywhere. (Li Jincheng Yushan Senior High School, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511483, Chu Zhaobai Yuexi Middle School, Yuexi County, Anhui Province 246600)

4 Pay attention to life education

After the Wenchuan earthquake, many surviving students issued He said: "Now, living is a luxury thing." The cruel reality has improved their safety awareness, but those students who live in a safe environment have not experienced the pain of death and do not cherish the existence of life. From the perspective of the origin of education, the real core behind safety education is life education. The most important thing to improve students' safety awareness is to first let students have a full understanding of life. Only by recognizing the uniqueness and irreplaceability of life can we know how to cherish life. On this basis, we can effectively improve their safety awareness. In the past, we did not pay enough attention to students’ life education, resulting in their lack of knowledge and understanding of life. We should assume the obligations and responsibilities of life education for students, so that students understand the meaning of life. (Wang Lijie Teacher Training School, Pingyin County, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250400, Feng Liping Chengguan No. 2 Middle School, Yuhuan County, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province 317000)

5 Let children correctly understand the dark side of society

Some adults have only provided "vacuum education" to their children about truth, goodness and beauty since childhood, making their children's thoughts too simple and beautiful. However, as children come into contact with society and gradually realize the reality of life, they often show dissatisfaction and fear towards the real society and even feel at a loss what to do. Therefore, we adults must also let our children realize the fake, evil and ugly side of life, help them look at things comprehensively and objectively, distinguish right from wrong, cultivate children's adaptability and self-protection ability in the face of evil, and teach children how to identify and deal with all kinds of dangerous things. Effective ways to avoid being hit and hurt. (Wang Jieying Hebei Raoyang Middle School 053900)

6 Carry out a variety of practical experience activities

You can carry out the "Be a Little Traffic Police" activity to experience the importance of safety in specific activities. Students in "law enforcement" have completely different feelings about traffic safety than passers-by. They will be more likely to discover the dangers caused by traffic violations, and they will also be better able to understand the importance of traffic rules. Students can also be asked to act as compilers or promoters of safety accident materials, such as setting up a safety accident exhibition column. In these activities, in order to collect and compile the materials well, students will carefully study each safety incident material, grasp the essence of the content, and try their best to influence the audience (audience) through the materials. In this way, students will be inspired to engage in in-depth self-education. (Li Jincheng Yushan Senior High School, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511483, Li Jianke Jishui Middle School, Lianjiang City, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province 524471)

7 Make safety tips everywhere

You might as well put them in the corridors of the school Unconventional "safety reminders" are posted on walls, beside flower ponds, and in front of rockeries. You can also collect "warm slogans" from children, or add them with humorous cartoons, which will definitely be refreshing.

For example, the corners of the stairs in our school are marked with "Wait a minute, what will come out is harmony; give way, what will come out is civilization." Please be merciful"; there is a sign in front of the rockery: "If you like me, appreciate me, but don't climb on me"... These warm reminders that catch the eyes of students at any time subtly nourish the students' hearts and grow A guide to safe mobile gaming. (Zhao Na, Kunwu Primary School, Puyang City, Henan Province 457000)

8 Safety education must be the responsibility of all students

Providing safety education to students should not be just a matter for the class teacher. For example, biology teachers can introduce food safety and food hygiene knowledge to students in class, as well as common self-protection methods; chemistry teachers can introduce students to precautions for the use of chemicals; physics teachers can explain to students the knowledge of safe use of electricity and electrical fire hazards. The school doctor can introduce to students the principles and simple treatment methods for dealing with general injuries, such as simple treatment of wounds, precautions after fractures, etc. In doing so, on the one hand, safety education can be made more targeted, and at the same time, students can pay more attention to safety. (Li Hongbo Hebei Baoding No. 3 Middle School 071000)

9 Safety education is inseparable from the cooperation of parents

Children’s safety is what parents are most concerned about, and student safety work is also inseparable from parents. cooperation. We ask students to accurately fill in the parent information contact card to understand their home address, parent contact information and family situation. Regular communication can not only allow parents to understand and understand the various contents and systems of our safety education management, but also allow parents to understand what problems students have in school study and life and clarify what else is involved in their children's safety. What should be done well, what safety hazards still exist, and how can we do a good job in preventing them. Even if the school's safety work is in place, safety accidents may still occur. Regular exchange of information with parents can quickly respond to sudden safety accidents and take timely reporting, risk elimination, remediation and other measures. (Sun Na Yucai Primary School, Haiyang City, Shandong Province 265100)

10 Let the safety knowledge learning methods be more diverse

I will organize students to hold regular safety exchange meetings, and set up multiple colorful Sections such as the "Safety Knowledge Competition" allow students to learn common safety knowledge such as fire prevention, electricity protection, lightning protection, and theft prevention; the "Safety Self-Protection PK" allows students to understand how to protect themselves in critical situations; "I will pick your faults for you" pointed out some dangerous behaviors of students; "Safety wishes *** share" expresses the good wishes of all students for happiness and peace. It is in this popular activity that students' safety knowledge is popularized. (Zhao Na Kunwu Primary School, Puyang City, Henan Province 457000)

11 Safety knowledge learning should "invite in and go out"

We can invite traffic police, fire officers and soldiers, doctors, geologists Professionals such as teachers went into the campus to give lectures on fire protection, transportation, health and legal knowledge, giving safety education professional features. Professionals talk about safety, and their professional level is higher than that of teachers, which is more beneficial to the cultivation of students' safety awareness and the mastery of safety knowledge. While "inviting students in", we also need to allow students to "go out": allowing students to go to communities, reservoirs, and traffic accident-prone sections for on-the-spot inspections and experiences will give students an intuitive understanding of safety issues and greatly enhance the effectiveness of safety education. (Zhang Xuefeng, Hong'an Middle School, Fularji District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, 161041, Wang Chongbao, No. 8 Primary School, Yantai Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shandong Province, 264006)

12 helps students master basic safety knowledge

We must believe that students are absolutely necessary and capable of mastering some safety knowledge, such as: the safe use of household appliances and gas stoves; the labeling and use of chemicals and drugs; how to obey traffic rules; not eating food given by strangers; Girls should not let others touch their bodies at will; avoid injuring their bodies with hard objects and sharp objects.

Students should also be taught some simple and easy emergency methods to deal with common accidents, such as what to do in case of a fire, what to do about a gas leak, what to do if a stranger strikes up a conversation, precautions for going home alone, etc., and how to call the police and some basic medicine Knowledge enables children to be prepared and not panic when encountering problems. (Zhang Chunzhi Experimental Primary School, Yucheng County, Henan Province 476300, Sun Xiaoli, South Campus of No. 17 Middle School, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province 050091)

13 Safety education needs to be based on time, place and people

While carrying out safety In education, attention should be paid to safety issues that are likely to occur in different areas and seasons. For example, do not swim in dangerous waters or eat rotten food in summer; do not skate in deep water areas in winter, and pay attention to fire safety and gas poisoning. Regarding the safety issues that are common among rural boys, I especially emphasize to them not to swim, fish, or play in ponds or reservoirs; not to ride "hero cars" on the highway, not to drive motor vehicles; not to carry controlled knives, not to participate in gambling, fighting, etc. Illegal and criminal activities. At the same time, the class teacher should pay special attention and follow up on a small number of naughty and undisciplined students. Especially in fully closed schools, on the day when "special students" go home for the holidays, parents are required to call the class teacher to report that they are safe; if the class teacher does not receive the safety information reported by parents, they must call the parents in time. (Li Defeng No. 15 Middle School, Rongcheng City, Weihai, Shandong Province 264302, Sun Na Yucai Primary School, Haiyang City, Shandong Province 265100, Liang Meiqiu Overseas Chinese Middle School, Nanning Overseas Chinese Investment Zone, Guangxi, 530105)

14 Let students spend their adolescence safely and healthily

Schools, teachers, and parents must pay attention to the mental health education of adolescent students. Behind many vicious incidents such as suicide, running away from home, and fights, it is related to our neglect of the adolescent psychological characteristics of students. At the same time, psychological quality education must be strengthened. Many students are at a loss when they are hurt without psychological preparation, and they do not know how to deal with it after being hurt. Schools should organize more lectures and other lectures to provide students with deeply rooted and practical education, and cultivate students' psychological qualities of being brave, alert, and fearless in the face of danger. (Li Defeng, No. 15 Middle School, Rongcheng City, Weihai, Shandong Province, 264302, Wang Jieying, Raoyang Middle School, Hebei, 053900)

15 safety education must grasp the "degree"

If you are afraid that your children are not safe, Over-protection is not conducive to the growth of students. For example, running around is not allowed during school hours, no spring outings are organized, and no movement is allowed at home. Such excessive "protection" can only harm students. Students are natural persons and will inevitably go into society in the future. In the future, their safety and self-rescue will depend more on themselves. Therefore, parents and schools should not stop eating due to choking and reduce children’s outdoor activities. Instead, they should allow children to have more contact with society and nature. Through contact with society, children can accumulate social experience such as how to identify the characteristics of people of different levels and professions; through contact with nature, children can understand nature and adapt to changes in the natural environment. Children should also be encouraged to exercise and strengthen their physique, and if possible, children can learn self-defense techniques. (Wang Jieying Hebei Raoyang Middle School 053900, Gaocheng Central School of Daxing Town, Tailai County, Heilongjiang Province 162408)

Three safety systems:

Don't be afraid of "risk", be afraid of "unpreparedness" ”

As we all know, in order to ensure the safety of students, schools must have institutionalized guarantees. Safety work without a system can never be truly scientific, comprehensive, and effective. Because there is no way to deal with emergencies without ten thousand - there will always be loopholes in security work without a system, and the result can only be luck today and misfortune tomorrow.

Next, let’s take Sangzao Middle School, the “most awesome” school in the 5.12 earthquake, as an example to see what kind of system can allow us to turn emergencies into normalcy and make miracles no longer just miracles - there is With the system and implementation, we could have saved many of the children who lost their lives in the above cases from stampedes, food poisoning, school building collapses, traffic accidents, fires, and even natural disasters.

(1) Institutionalization of safety responsibility

1. Clarify and strengthen the safety responsibilities of school leaders and teachers, establish a safety organization structure, divide safety areas into responsibilities, assign responsibilities to groups, implement them to individuals, and publicize them in a prominent location in the school in the form of plaques.

2． Teachers at Sangzao Middle School have "one position, two responsibilities" - everyone pays attention to safety. For example, teachers do not just walk away after class. Instead, they stand at the corners of the stairs on each floor after class, during recess, during lunch and dinner, during self-study and during emergency evacuation - when the flow of people in the teaching building is the largest. , to prevent crowding and stampeding.

(2) Institutionalization of safety education

1. In order to strengthen the education of students' safety awareness, Sangzao Middle School has safety education classes every week, which are set up in the first period of self-study every Tuesday night.

2． Among the class cadres in the school, there is also a unique position, that is, the "safety committee member" who is directly managed by the school's political and education office, that is, the deputy squad leader responsible for safety. Every week, the school will hold a meeting for the safety committee to review the week's performance. safety hazards and deploy security measures for next week.

3. Strengthen education on self-protection. The school made a set of pictures into a large newspaper, with 44 pictures in total. The images intuitively tell students what to do when encountering lightning, floods, bad guys, etc.

(3) Institutionalization of safety drills

1. Evacuation drills. Since 2005, Sangzao Middle School has organized a school-wide emergency evacuation drill every semester. At that time, the school will suddenly use a loudspeaker to shout: Emergency evacuation of the whole school! Each class’s evacuation route and location to the playground are fixed. (1) The student sitting closest to the front and back doors of the classroom is responsible for opening the door; (2) The first 4 rows of students in the classroom evacuate from the front door, and the last 4 rows evacuate from the back door; (3) Divide the students into two columns and keep them close together. Go down the stair handrail and keep it close to the wall all the way down; (4) Ask students to keep quiet during the entire evacuation process; (5) Ask students in the classrooms on the 2nd and 3rd floors to run faster to avoid blocking the escape Passengers on the 4th and 5th floors should run slower, otherwise there will be a backlog of people in the corridors. (6) Teachers stand at the corners of the stairs on each floor to protect students. During each drill, Principal Ye Zhiping would have people record the evacuation time of all teachers and students in the school, but not the speed. He would only comment on the problems existing in each class. Before the 2008 earthquake, the whole school had gone through 6 drills, which allowed all 2,300 teachers and students of Sangzao Middle School to safely evacuate in just 1 minute and 36 seconds after the 5.12 earthquake.

2． Emergency simulation. In addition to regularly organizing evacuation drills, Sangzao Middle School also conducts various emergency response simulation drills. In the safety education class, teachers simulated the scene and created situations for students to deal with emergencies. If you are injured in a traffic accident, how to provide simple medical aid, then call the police immediately and ask someone to protect the scene. When emergencies occur, those who are life-threatening and need to escape must follow evacuation drills; those who do not need to escape, such as a sudden power outage during evening self-study, are not allowed to act without authorization and sit in the classroom and wait for the school's unified arrangements. Educate students to hold chairs flat when holding group meetings to prevent people from tripping or even causing a stampede when dragging the chair. In short, all emergencies that may occur in the local school are simulated and drilled one by one, which greatly improves students' emergency capabilities.

(4) Institutionalization of safety inspection and management

The school formulates scientific and effective safety regulations and safety plans. There are "Management Systems and Regulations of the Logistics Service Center of Anxian Sangzao Middle School (Compilation)", "Student Dormitory Management System", "Sports Games Safety Rules", "Safety Duty System", "Safety Work Inspection System", "Safety Work Assessment System", "Comprehensive Campus Security 47 safety rules and regulations, including "Governance Management System", "Fire Safety Evacuation (Drill) Plan" and "Safety Work Evaluation System", were compiled into "Safety Work Must Read". At the same time, the school has also formulated a "Safety Work Emergency Plan", which covers 24 emergencies and their response measures, including public health emergencies, natural disasters such as fires and earthquakes, campus stampedes, and food poisoning. For example:

1. Conduct a monthly safety inspection on the storage and use of toxic, harmful, flammable and explosive items in the chemical laboratory storage room.

And conduct a comprehensive inventory and collection of controlled knives and other contraband from students.

2． Conduct weekly inspections of equipment and facilities on fire extinguishers, safety lights and street lights, staff canteens, and logistics service centers to check the health status and standardized operations of each employee.

3. When students leave and return to school every week, teachers are required to patrol outside the school, be on duty at the school gate, escort students to the station in vehicles without safety hazards, and register the food brought by students to school.

4. Morning inspections and power outage emergency lighting inspections are carried out every day. The morning inspections mainly check and compile statistics on the students' attendance and physical health.

5． Each class insists on carrying out safety self-examination every month, allowing students to discover unsafe hidden dangers around them and achieve the purpose of self-education and self-protection.

6． Potential safety hazards discovered during inspections will be analyzed and studied one by one in a timely manner, and the rectification time, funds, responsible departments and responsible persons will be determined so that they can be eliminated in a timely manner.

Example 1: Surrounding environment management. Every weekend, various vehicles without operating qualifications are parked near the school, seriously threatening the safety of students. The school immediately reports this situation to the relevant departments. Under the coordination of the town government, a traffic safety joint rectification team composed of public security, transportation and other departments was established and carried out a one-month special rectification work to eliminate safety hazards.

Example 2: School facility management. It is worth mentioning the experimental teaching building that Principal Ye Zhiping has been repairing for many years. That building was built in 1983 at a cost of only 100 yuan/square meter. The walls and floors are hollow, and the fillings are only construction waste such as bamboo strips and cement bags. The classroom walls are only made of ash, and the stair railings are not high enough and not strong enough. . No one dared to inspect and accept the building after it was completed. After Ye Zhiping became the principal in 1995, he insisted on repairing and strengthening the building for three consecutive years. He removed the very heavy brick railings upstairs and replaced them with light and strong steel pipe railings. He also performed major surgery on the entire building, poured cement again, and thickened the load-bearing columns... It took three years and cost more than 400,000 yuan. Yuancai thoroughly reinforced the "tofu dregs" experimental teaching building that cost 160,000 yuan. On the day of "5.12", the experimental building did not collapse. There were more than 700 students and their teachers in the building at that time. It is the reinforcement of the teaching building that makes it immovable when an earthquake occurs, buying valuable time for students to evacuate.

Editor’s summary

In addition to the student safety education system, the school safety system must also establish and improve: school safety responsibility and assessment system, school safety accident and hidden danger reporting system, school Large-scale event approval system, school safety warning and drill system, school teacher safety training system, school safety management and inspection system. Among them, the safety management and inspection system generally includes: management and inspection of school facilities, fire safety, food hygiene, network and surrounding environment, attendance system, guard, duty and accommodation system, etc.

Experiences from four foreign countries:

Stones from other countries can be used to make up for the problems

France

France starts from the third grade of primary school to open a "road" "Safety" courses teach students how to ride bicycles and cross the road, so that primary schools can