Introduction of scenic spots in Yanta District, xi City, Shaanxi Province: Daci Temple and Big Wild Goose Pagoda

Introduction of scenic spots in Yanta District, xi City, Shaanxi Province: Daci Temple and Big Wild Goose Pagoda

4 kilometers south of Heping Gate, Yanta District, Xi City. There were Jionji and Wild Goose Pagoda in the Tang Dynasty. The Big Wild Goose Pagoda is located in the Great Jionji, which was called Ci 'en Temple Pagoda in ancient times.

Jionji was originally a seamless temple in Sui Dynasty, located in Jinchang Square in Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty. In the 22nd year of Li Shimin Zhenguan of Emperor Taizong (648), when Li Zhi was a prince, it was built by his mother, Empress Wende, and named after "Cien". When it was first built, it was very large. This temple is a complex building with 65,438+03 courtyards, and there are 65,438+0,897 monk rooms in the temple. Famous painters Yan, Wu Daozi and Wei Chiyihe painted a lot of murals, which made the temple extremely luxurious and magnificent.

Xuanzang, a famous monk in the Tang Dynasty, translated Buddhist scriptures 1 1 year in Buddhist temples, and translated Sanskrit back from India into 74 "Chinese-style" Buddhist scriptures, with a total volume of 1335. He founded jurisprudence here and became an important part of Buddhism in China, that is, the Sect of Knowing Only, also known as the Sect of Faxiang, which was founded in mystery and commonly known as the Sect of Kindness.

With the decline of the Tang Dynasty, Xuanji began to be decadent. Jin Shizong Dading four years (1 164), the temple was burned by soldiers. At present, the buildings in Jionji, including the mountain gate, bell tower, drum tower, main hall, lecture hall and annex rooms, were rebuilt from the second year of Tianshun in Zhu Qizhen, Ming Xianzong (1458) to the second year of Chenghua in Zhu Jianshen, Ming Xianzong (1466), and were restored in the Qing Dynasty, so the present scale of Jionji is mainly the buildings left over from the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are no Tibetan scriptures in the temple, only statues of the giant Buddha and eighteen Luo, as well as many portraits of gold and colored paintings in the Ming Dynasty, which are quite valuable. There are lush trees around the courtyard, flowers and trees in all seasons, and farming in the garden. The environment is beautiful, elegant and quiet, and Chinese and foreign tourists are jostling with each other. Now, the North Square, the South Square and the East Square have been completed, the bronze statue of Master Xuanzang has been added to the South Square, and the largest musical fountain in Asia has been built in the North Square, adding a lot of color to the Big Wild Goose Pagoda.

When the Wild Goose Pagoda was in Tang Gaozong, it was built to store Buddhist scriptures and Buddha statues that Xuanzang brought back from India. It was built in the third year of Emperor Gaozong Yonghui (652). At first, it was only five stories high, with a brick heart and a brick surface, imitating the form of the Western Regions blocking the old woman (called Pagoda in Sanskrit), and its real name was Jionji Pagoda. According to the Records of Tianzhu, Galand, the giant Buddha, is a state-owned giant Buddha with a five-story tower made of rock and a goose-shaped lower floor, which is called the Wild Goose Pagoda. Xuanzang, a Tang priest, had seen this pagoda when he traveled to the Western Regions, so he named it Wild Goose Pagoda. According to the third volume of Biography of Sanzang Master Gyangji, there is a temple monk in Mojeto. One day, a flock of geese flew by, and suddenly a goose left the community feather and landed on the ground. The monk was amazed and thought that the wild goose was a bodhisattva. Everyone discussed burying the wild goose and building a pagoda to commemorate it, hence the name Wild Goose Pagoda.

According to Zhang Licheng's "Annals of the South of the City", "In the third year of Yonghui, Master Xuanzang built a tower with five floors and a heart-shaped brick face, which blocked the old women in the western regions. Chang 'an City (the title of Emperor Wu Zhao of Wu Zetian, 70 1-704) was destroyed, and Wuhou and the princes paid for the reconstruction of Chang 'an City and its Yunyan Pagoda on the 10 floor. "According to the" Continued Literature General Examination ","The pedestal is 65,438+040 feet on all sides, which imitates the Western Region system and has five levels. It is exposed in parallel and its height is 65,438+080 feet. There are as many as 10,000 relics buried in the center of each floor. The upper floor is made of stone, and the monument is made by two saints (referring to Li Shimin of Emperor Taizong and Li Zhi of Tang Gaozong). These two monuments are embedded on both sides of the south gate on the first floor of Yanta. One is the Preface to the Three Monks of Datang written by Li Shimin. One is the Preface of Sanzang, which was written for Prince Li Zhi at that time. They are all calligraphers of the Tang Dynasty, Chu Suiliang's calligraphy, with beautiful handwriting. On the forehead, side and pedestal, there are inscriptions, creeping grass patterns, music and other decorative patterns. These are precious works of art.

The Wild Goose Pagoda was destroyed in Chang 'an City of Tang and Wu. It was built with 65,438+00 floors raised by Wu Shi and Wang Gong, and was destroyed by fire. After the Five Dynasties, Ming Sect of the Tang Dynasty was in Changxing, and Li Siyuan (930-933) was in Anchongba, Xijing. When rebuilt, it was changed to a seven-story pavilion-style brick tower with a height of 64 meters. It has maintained its present appearance and become a typical building of China Pavilion-style brick tower. At present, the tower is a square pyramid, with each side of the bottom floor 25 meters long and an area of 625 square meters. Simple in shape and moderate in proportion. The tower body is built by stacking method, imitating brick and wood structure, and building hidden beams, arches and columns, which has quite national characteristics. The lintel of the west gate at the bottom of the tower is engraved with the statue of Sakyamuni, which is particularly wonderful; There are other Buddha statues, Buddhist temples, bodhisattvas and heavenly kings. Although these stone carvings are full of religious superstitions, their shapes are vivid and beautiful, and their lines are smooth and powerful, especially the lines carved in temples are more precious. They are rare patterns in the study of architecture in the Tang Dynasty, and also important materials for the study of calligraphy, painting and sculpture in the Tang Dynasty.

Since the Tang Dynasty, the title of "Wild Goose Pagoda", which flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, has been promoted here. It is the title of "Wild Goose Pagoda", which is a new theme, and every scholar was imitated by the Tang Dynasty. The existing monument named Bai Tong belongs to the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

In the Ming Dynasty, the tower body was damaged, and the surface was protected by brick, which is the tower shape today. The tower is 59.9 meters high, the tower foundation is 4.2 meters high, the base is 45.9 meters long from east to west and 48.8 meters long from north to south. Tarnum is an ancient Qujiang road in the Tang Dynasty. It has a primitive stone bridge, first named Yuxian Bridge, and later renamed Cihang Bridge. Buddhism means "Cihang Pudu".

After liberation, in 1954, 1956 and 1965, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda and the Great Jionji were restored many times, and the ancient pagodas and temples of the Millennium took on a new look. Although they are new, they have been repaired as before and have not lost their original appearance. At the gate, two stone lions more than two meters high stood guard, with the inscription "Big Jionji" and the couplet of the gate: "Its seven floors cut through the gray clouds and climbed, and we seem to have left the world behind; I only know how to shine on Master China Mahayana. " Nowadays, tourists from home and abroad, and tourists visiting temples and towers are in an endless stream. Every year on the 14th, 15th and 16th day of the first lunar month, the Ji 'en Temple and the Wild Goose Pagoda follow the temple fair of the ancient Shangyuan Festival, and those who enter the temple to burn incense and those who climb the pagoda to watch the scenery jostle each other, becoming famous cultural relics and scenic spots in the ancient capital Chang 'an.

Wild Goose Pagoda is a national key cultural relic protection unit.

The Wild Goose Pagoda is one of the national 4A tourist attractions.