Problems and principles that should be paid attention to in river regulation?

The following is the related contents about the problems that should be paid attention to and the principles that should be followed in river regulation brought by Zhong Da Consulting, for your reference.

With the acceleration of urbanization, the river space is shrinking, the water surface is narrow, and the flood problem is becoming more and more serious. The problems of industrial wastewater, domestic sewage and a large amount of sewage entering the river have appeared, and the water quality of the river has generally deteriorated. Urbanization has also increased surface runoff and frequent floods, which has brought adverse effects on the production and life of citizens. People have to improve water quality by heightening dams and building concrete riverbeds. These hard pavements have also played a role in isolating sewage, dredging through "rectification" and increasing the flood control capacity of the river. However, the negative effects of various methods are obvious. The loss of river biodiversity, the destruction of living conditions and the obstruction of the exchange of groundwater and surface water have greatly weakened the natural restoration function of rivers. This paper expounds the main problems existing in river regulation, such as low flood control standard, water pollution, river siltation, riverbed shape, water surface shrinkage, unstable revetment structure, etc. The research shows that it is feasible to harness rivers by making scientific planning, perfecting long-term management mechanism, paying attention to ecological concept and studying the restoration of river ecological environment.

1, the basic principles of river regulation

The basic principle of river regulation is "comprehensive planning, comprehensive regulation, making use of the situation and focusing on regulation". Specifically, the planning should take into account the upstream and downstream of the river and the left and right banks, and comprehensively consider the requirements of flood control, water supply, irrigation and power generation. According to the changing trend of the river course, make use of the situation, seize the opportunity to rectify in time, first rectify the key river course, rectify a section and consolidate a section. In the process of regulation, we should make full use of the existing regulation projects reasonably developed on the river, protect towns, villages and farmland along the river, and keep the river away from residential areas threatened by floods. River regulation must conform to the overall goal of urban economic development, coordinate with the overall urban planning, coordinate with the social and economic development planning, and coordinate with other professional urban planning; On the basis of ensuring flood control safety, meet other needs; Expand the function of the river, and make full use of its functions of water supply, sewage discharge and navigation while expanding the functions of civil air defense, landscape, leisure and fitness; The comprehensive improvement of the river course is in harmony with the shoreline trend, surrounding landforms and environment.

2. Design concept of river regulation

The comprehensive management of urban rivers should change the traditional concept of engineering water conservancy in the past and establish the design concept of ecological water conservancy river management. Create a convenient, comfortable, clean, beautiful, ecological and healthy living environment. The concept of "river network". "The water is not deep, the dragon has spirit", which shows the preciousness of water in aura. At present, a single river or a river is usually treated in sections, and they are isolated from each other. Living water is often regarded as "stagnant water", although it is not flooded, it is also annoying. However, if the rivers in a basin or the upstream and downstream of a river are considered as a whole, planned as a whole, comprehensively managed and supplemented with each other, then the whole water system will be activated and the "water network" will be smooth. The concept of "harmony between man and nature" Urban river management embodies the harmony between river landscape and human beings, living things and surrounding environment, maintains the long-term balance between human beings and natural ecological environment, and realizes the river management goal of harmony between human beings and water. Ecological landscape river construction embodies the concepts of "people-oriented" and "harmony between people and water", and represents the development direction of river regulation technology. Concepts of flood storage and culvert. The meandering river pattern, densely vegetated river banks and undulating river beds are beneficial to reduce the river velocity and the destructive power of floods. Natural wetlands on both sides of the strait are like sponges, which can regulate the abundance of rivers and alleviate droughts and floods. However, for safety reasons, water conservancy departments often use the standard of once in a hundred years or even once in a thousand years to build high dams and dikes, but the result is counterproductive and the destructive power of floods is strengthened. The reason is that it doesn't go with the flow. Ecological aesthetics. Natural rivers and waterfront areas are composed of convex banks, concave banks, deep pools, shoals and sandbars. It is a livable place for all kinds of creatures, a landscape foundation of life diversity and a migration corridor for all kinds of creatures. The vibrant waters show the beauty of natural forms, with animals and plants snuggling up to each other, moving and static, natural but not messy, changing without losing order. The aesthetic statistics experiment shows that the natural landscape rich in plants has higher aesthetic value than the artificial landscape, and with the improvement of cultural and educational level, people's understanding of natural beauty will also improve.

3. Orientation of urban river management mode

Waterfront is the most precious and even scarce space in the city. Ecological landscape river construction has become the development direction of river management at home and abroad, and its central concept of "learning from nature, restoring river ecosystem-realizing river self-repair" should be firmly grasped.

The river level is smooth and smooth. The regulation of natural rivers should go with the flow, guide the situation and block it reasonably. The reach is diverse and natural. The rational utilization of river space can adopt various forms such as compound section or irregular section in the design to meet people's needs of leisure, hydrophilicity and closeness to nature.

Ecological and landscape revetment. Avoid using simple hard revetment, and choose ecological revetment materials and structural types.

Construction of characteristic waterfront in each river section. Each river section should create a beautiful river environment with its own characteristics according to the different characteristics of natural features, economic land use and history and culture.

In the process of river regulation, it is necessary to learn from the successful experiences and failed lessons in history, implement sustainable river regulation, gradually restore the ecological function and natural features of the river, restore the water surface, green the river, and form a river with modern flavor and natural features.

The design and selection of revetment forms should fully consider the natural and ecological conditions of specific rivers and specific river sections, and be carefully conceived and meticulous. In order to protect the survival and reproduction of some river creatures, the materials used in the regulation are all from nature, so that the regulated river can be in harmony with the surrounding environment.

4. Problems that should be paid attention to in river ecological management.

4. 1, sewage must be intercepted.

The primary task of ecological river management is to intercept the sewage in the basin. Interception of pollutants discharged into rivers will be incorporated into the urban sewage pipe network, and it is forbidden to discharge sewage into rivers. According to the flood forecast, it can be emptied in advance, and the accumulated water can be replaced by flood to ensure the good water quality of the river.

4.2, ensure the diversification of water flow.

On the basis of meeting the flood discharge demand, the ecological river channel should be wide, curved and different in depth, forming the diversity of water flow. The diversity of water flow can meet the needs of different organisms at different stages, and also has more landscape value.

4.3. Permeable revetment and bottom protection shall be adopted.

The revetment and bottom protection of the river channel can't all adopt concrete mortar masonry structure, but can use permeable materials such as pebbles and rubble piles, without blocking the exchange of materials and energy inside and outside the river channel. The slope can also be tamped with clay, or the slope can be protected with trees, shrubs and herbs with developed roots.

4.4, rational allocation of coastal and aquatic vegetation.

It is also an important means of river ecological management to leave space on the river bank as much as possible and build some wetlands in the form of small islands and beaches according to local conditions. Wetland is the most representative and functional area in aquatic ecosystem, which can play physical, chemical and biological roles in natural ecosystem and promote the balance of aquatic ecosystem. In addition, the wetland is full of wild interest and exudes natural flavor, which can be a place for leisure and entertainment. Floating plants and floating-leaf plants, such as water hyacinth, lotus flower and water lily, can be planted on the river surface. These aquatic plants can absorb nutrients in the water and help the water to purify itself.

4.5. Establish and improve the river management system.

After the completion of river regulation, management should be strengthened to maintain the ecological balance of the river. (1) Strengthen the observation and investigation of aquatic organisms and water quality, grasp the growth and reproduction of biological populations and the changing laws of water quality in time, and adjust the quantity and species of organisms in time. (2) Supervise and inspect the discharge of pollutants in the basin, prohibit untreated sewage and garbage from being discharged into the river, and maintain the water quality of the river. (3) Rational utilization of related facilities, and comprehensive measures such as river water replacement and oxygen enrichment to enhance the restoration effect of water ecosystem.

To sum up, through the comparison of water system management, we can clearly see the different results of traditional water conservancy and ecological water conservancy construction, fully exposing the shortcomings and defects of traditional water conservancy, that is, failing to follow the laws of natural development, changing the original form of rivers, and failing to meet the requirements of harmonious coexistence between people and water. The advantages of ecological water conservancy are more and more obvious, which not only realizes the engineering safety, but also follows the scene of natural harmony, conforms to nature and meets people's needs.

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