Comments on classical Chinese

1. Can you refer to this article for criticism of ancient Chinese prose? I want to tell two stories about the honesty of intellectuals in China. One is about Tian Zifang's accident.

Ji Zi (son of Wei Wenhou) got off the bus because of Tian Zifang's way, and Tian Zifang was not polite, so there was an argument between them that "the rich are proud of it" and "the poor are proud of it". Tian Zifang believes that "the rich dare to be proud", which is reasonable: "Jun pride will lose his country, and medical pride will lose his home.

People who have lost their country have never heard of people who have been treated by the country. Husband is poor and cheap, without saying a word, take the shoes and leave, not poor and cheap! "This is in 403 BC.

In the Warring States policy; In Seven Strategies, there is a similar story called "Qi Xuanwang meets Yan Hui". Wang wants to "go ahead" because he is a "human king"; We want "Wang Qian" because "the former is a trend, while Wang Qian is a scholar. Instead of making it a trend, it is better to make it a king's scholar, so there is a debate between "king is expensive" and "scholar is expensive"

Yan Gang's reason is also very good: "When Qin attacked Qi State, he was ordered to say,' If you dare to take fifty steps on Liu Xia Jilong, whoever collects firewood will die." The imperial edict said: "Whoever can win the title of King of Qi will be rewarded with peace." .

Seen from above, the king's head was born, unlike the ridge of a dead man. "Qi Xuanwang said speechless, had to swallow the mouth goin.

This was more than 300 years BC. Both stories happened in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and this historical background is particularly important.

At that time, a scholar was a scholar, who could maintain his dignity and integrity and never bow to the powerful. Not only Tian Zifang, but also Yan. A hundred years before Tian Zifang, Yan Ying, a doctor of Qi State, once said: "If you talk about it, it will be dangerous;" If you don't say it, you will be in danger.

State-owned means obedient; The country has no way, that is, life is balanced "; Almost at the same time, Yan Gang was appointed as Qing, and he was also generous: "Talk about adults, be reserved, but don't think highly of adults. "The hall is several meters high and the number of questions is several feet. I must succeed.

The abbot served hundreds of concubines before dinner, but I won't do it if I succeed. Generally like to drink, drive away wild hunting, and ride a thousand times behind. I must succeed.

I used to do nothing, but in the past, I was He Wei! "So I thought that the moral integrity of intellectuals in China at that time, that is, the' Scholar's Day', was related to' hegemony'. In the 1970s, he criticized Confucius and said that he was "equivalent" (The Analects of Confucius; Zi Han ""sell it! Sell it! I am waiting for Jia) to turn myself into a commodity that can be bought and sold.

In fact, this sentence of Confucius is not wrong. Because heroes strive for hegemony, heroes understand the connection between talents and the world, forming a pattern of free competition for talents, and scholars, that is, intellectuals, have become rare goods.

"Learning martial arts, goods and the royal family", but whether to sell or not, whether to sell cheaply or expensive, the initiative is in their own hands, selling only literary talent, not even personal dignity or even mother Lao Tzu. It can be seen that it was a "seller's market" for talents at that time, so Tian Zifang's natural and unrestrained style of "if you don't say anything, you will do it if you don't do it, and you can't be poor and cheap" led to Yan Yan's firm attitude that "a scholar is expensive, but a king is not expensive" and the eternal story of Yan Zhaowang's "a thick coin is modest and attractive".

After the Qin and Han Dynasties, the situation was very different. The talents in the world are clear at a glance, and the initiative that is not used is in the hands of the powerful people who dominate the world.

"Good steel is used on the blade", which is no different from scrap iron when people don't use it. You said, "If you don't tell me, you can walk with your shoes, neither poor nor cheap." The first thing you have to worry about is this "safety"-you can't even take your shoes away, but you can also dig out the palm of the Tathagata. You say that "a scholar is expensive, but a king is not expensive", but it is contrary to the facts in that big environment. Not only will he be regarded as a madman, but the person who said this is not practical in his heart.

The "seller's market" of talents has become the "buyer's market" of talents, and the "free competition" of talents has become the "market monopoly" of talents, so many "scholars" have tried their best to squeeze into their careers. As for those who dream of being promoted and appreciated by powerful people, even if powerful people don't want you to kneel down, they should kneel down like Jia Gui. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, there were times when Scholar's Day was held high, but that was only during the short-term world dispute and competition between the two countries in the gap of reunification. When the world is unified, there are also outspoken and arrogant people, but most of them are only related to their own quality, so they can only be rare.

As far as its general trend is concerned, it can be described as "Scholar's Day" from Qin and Han Dynasties to Tang and Song Dynasties and then to Ming and Qing Dynasties. For the loss of China intellectuals' integrity, that is, "Scholar's Day", some commentators blamed it on Uncle Sun Tong, a great scholar in the Han Dynasty, who "formulated court etiquette" and "set a condom for the vast number of Confucian scholars" (Sunday: Dong Zhongshu's historical dilemma); Some commentators think that "this is the fault of the Legalists", because "the general plan of governing the country formulated by the representatives of the Legalists deprived the later scholars of the external conditions for maintaining self-esteem and moral integrity" (Wang Xuetai: The Scholars). In fact, once the "seller's market" of talents becomes a "buyer's market", the "free competition" of talents becomes a "market monopoly" and even the "talent market" is lost.

By the way, openness of mind and freedom of speech are basically consistent with the rise and fall of book birthdays. Freedom of speech is open-minded in group disputes, and speech and thought are easily imprisoned after the reunification.

I'm afraid it's no accident that the contention of a hundred schools of thought, which has been talked about by people, appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The advantage of great unification lies in the word "unification": the world is unified, and without war, society can develop steadily and people can live and work in peace and contentment; The inferiority of unification also lies in the word "unification": a high degree of centralization, too great unification, will curb morality and thought, which is probably also called a coin with two sides, or a strange circle of history.

Getting rid of this historical cycle is a major issue before modern people.

2. What are some classical Chinese sentences that others regret? 1. After drinking, life geometry, such as morning dew, is much more difficult to go to Japan. Cao Cao's "short songs" in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

It was too late when the ship reached the middle of the river to fill the leak. "Save the Wind and Dust" Yuan Guan Hanqing.

If I know this, I will hate it forever. Liang Mingyang Yi.

4. I don't know how to study hard early, but I regret learning late. "Persuade" Zhen Qing of Tang Yan.

But when she turned to look down at the earth and tried to see the capital, there was only fog and dust. Tang Bai Juyi's everlasting regret song.

6. The earth lasts forever, and the sky lasts forever; One day both will end, and this endless sadness will last forever. Tang Bai Juyi's everlasting regret song.

Chang 'e should regret stealing the elixir. The full text of Chang 'e Tang Li Shangyin.

8. I suddenly saw the strange willow color and regretted teaching my husband to find the seal. "Four Wonders of in my heart forever" Don Wang Changling.

1. "singing opera about wine, life geometry, such as morning dew, is much more bitter in Japan." Content of the whole poem:

Cao Cao's short song

Singing to wine, life geometry! For example, morning dew is much more difficult to go to Japan.

Be generous, and your troubles will be unforgettable. How to solve your worries? Only Du Kang.

Qingqing is your collar, YY is my miss. But for your sake, I've thought it over.

A herd of deer, yo, ate mugwort in Ye Yuan. I have a group of good guests, playing the piano and playing the piano.

As clear as the bright moon, when can I forget it? The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off.

The weirder, the more useless. Talk about it, and remember the past.

There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south. Turn around the tree three times, what branches can you rely on?

The mountain is never too high, and the sea is never too deep. The duke of Zhou vomited, and the world returned to the heart.

2. Singing loudly in the face of wine, what are the years of life? Like dew in the morning drying up at sunrise. Sadly, many suns and moons have been lost. Singing passionately, but I can't forget my inner worries. What can be done to eliminate concerns? Just wine, Du Kang. Students in blue-collar clothes are entrusted with my long-cherished heart. It is precisely because of the thirst and anxiety for talents that the deer is still calling for friends and enjoying the wormwood leaves discovered by vilen. I have distinguished guests. I will hold a banquet and drum music for my hospitality. When did I recruit a knowledgeable and talented person who kept his promise in Qingming? My worries come from my heart, day and night. Thank you for coming all the way through a strange path to meet me. Meet again after a long separation and have a talk. I appreciate you remembering your past kindness. The bright moon is in the sky, the stars are sparse, and blackbirds are looking for branches and flying south. Fly around the tree three times, I wonder if I can lean on that branch? The mountain is never too high, and the sea is never too deep. Treat talents with an open mind like Duke Zhou, and you will certainly win the support of the whole world.

3. About the author: Cao Cao (155-0315,220), born in Peiguoqiao County (now Bozhou, Anhui Province), is a lucky man. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was an outstanding politician, strategist, writer and calligrapher, and the founder of the Cao Wei regime in the Three Kingdoms. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos. In the name of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao conquered all directions, wiped out the separatist forces such as Er Yuan, Lu Bu, Liu Biao and Han Sui at home, surrendered the southern Xiongnu, Wu Huan and Xianbei abroad, unified the northern part of China, and implemented a series of policies to restore economic production and social order, which laid the foundation for the founding of Cao Wei. Cao Cao was the prime minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty before his death, then Wang Wei, and after his death, posthumous title became King Wu. Cao Cao is good at writing poems, expressing his political ambitions and reflecting the tragic life of the people in the late Han Dynasty. He is ambitious, generous and sad. Prose is also neat, which opens and prospers Jian 'an literature and leaves precious spiritual wealth to future generations. Historically, it was called Jian 'an Style, and Lu Xun rated it as "the founder of reforming articles". At the same time, Cao Cao is good at calligraphy, especially at carving grass. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Huaiguan named it a "wonderful flower" at the end of Shu. Cao Cao often appears as a "traitor" in China's film and television dramas, but he is actually an emperor with outstanding achievements in history. * * * once said, "My heart is connected with Cao Cao". 2013165438+10, Fudan university found that Cao Cao was neither a descendant of Xiahou's family as some historians thought, nor a descendant of Cao Can, the prime minister of the Han Dynasty.

3. Comment on the original text in one sentence: To the east of Linchuan, the land is hidden and high, and it is called the new city by Linxi.

Above the new city, there are pools and depressions, but the sides are long, such as Mo Chi by Wang Xizhi and Linchuan Ji by Xun Bozi. The taste of Xihe River longs for Zhang Zhi, studying in Linchi, and the water in the pool is all black. This is an ancient relic. Do you believe in evil? Fang Xi can't be an official, but he tastes the east and goes out to sea to entertain mountains and rivers. Is it possible to wander around and enjoy this evil? The book of Xi is good at night. If it can, it will cover itself with energy, which is unnatural.

Then people who can't reach in the world are not as good as evil people. Then you can learn less! What is the evil of those who want to advance their morality? Above Mo Chi, it is now a public school. Professor Wang Junsheng is worried that he can't write a chapter. The book revealed the words "Have an Army". He said to Gong, "I wish I had a note."

Pushing Wang Jun's heart, although the lover can be abolished, is it good because of his evil deeds? It also wants to push things to encourage its scholars? My wife's ability enabled future generations to do so. What a pity that a kind scholar, Shi Zhuang, will be treated in the afterlife! Li Qing on September 12th, eight years, Ceng Gong was recorded. In the east of Linchuan county, there is a protruding highland, facing a stream, called Xincheng.

Above the new town, there is a low-lying rectangular pool named Mo Chi of Wang Xizhi. This was described by Xun Bozi of the Southern Song Dynasty in Linchuan Ji.

Wang Xizhi once worshipped Zhang Zhi, a calligrapher in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He practiced calligraphy by this pool, and the water turned black. This is his legacy. Is that really the case? When Wang Xizhi didn't want to be forced to be an official, he traveled all over the East China Sea and rowed on it in order to get ahead of others in the mountains and rivers.

Did he ever rest here when he wandered around for fun? Wang Xizhi's calligraphy did not get better until his later years. It seems that his profound attainments are due to his efforts, not his genius. However, no one in later generations can compare with Wang Xizhi. I'm afraid their learning skills are not as good as Wang Xizhi's. It seems that you can reduce your study efforts! What's more, what about people who want to achieve lofty moral achievements? Next to Mo Chi is the teaching building of Fuzhou State University.

Professor Wang Jun was afraid that Mo Chi's deeds would go into oblivion, so he wrote "Wang Jin You Jun Mo Chi" and hung it between two pillars in front of the door as a souvenir, and said to me, "I hope there is a narrative." I guess Wang Jun's mind is not because he loves other people's strengths, even if he is skilled, he won't let it be buried, so even his body is taken seriously? Or do you want to promote Wang Xizhi's efforts in Linchi to encourage students here? People have a skill, but they still respect their descendants to this extent, not to mention what influence the fashion and virtue left by the benevolent gentleman will have on future generations! On September 12th, the eighth year of Li Qing, Ceng Gong made a note.

& gt At the invitation of ieee fellow, a good friend of Fuzhou University, Ceng Gong wrote a note for Wang Xizhi's Mo Chi. The language of the article is concise, the description is concise, the purpose is clear, and the idea is lofty.

4. There should also be notes and postscript in the classical Chinese lyric by borrowing things. Poetry is surging and the sea is boundless.

Poets are crazy in troubled times, and talents come out in prosperous times. After the crazy trampling of Mongolian soldiers; Suffered from the cruel slavery of Qing Land Rover; The remains were bombarded by Eight-Nation Alliance's artillery; Endure the burning, killing and looting of Japanese robbers ... for decades, hundreds of years.

Today, in the land of China, a strong vitality finally broke out, which inspired something that shocked the hearts of all Chinese people in the world-this is "Three Hundred Poems"! After reading "Three Hundred Poems", I feel quite stirring. There are thunder, horns, roars and dragons in the book. Like stormy waves, it is magnificent and lifts the sky and the ground.

A big wave, powerful and invincible. Every word falls to the ground with a deafening sound.

Naturally, it reveals the heroism, boldness, optimism and broadmindedness of the seekers who look to the Wan Li world, look to the infinite future, read the eternal romance and monopolize the eternal chic. Awesome! Three hundred poems.

After reading you, we can touch the poet's moral integrity! Be strong! Three hundred poems. After reading you, we can breathe the poet's integrity! -Sun's poems are long and enduring.

Finish what you started. -"Zhouyi" and "Poetry 300" are really written, really written.

It's amazing that people can't help being regarded as bosom friends. It is not so much a prelude to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation as an important symbol of the prosperity of the people of China.

Every word of her is an eruption of the author's strong feelings. She is not only the author's knowledge development from now on, but also the bitter crystallization of blood and tears as a civilian; A true portrayal of a soldier's life and death; The generous monologue of spirit and flesh as a scholar; As a wanderer, the emotional sublimation of love and hate.

She knocked on the door of the century, played the rhythm of the times and sang a beautiful life. The voice of a group soul is the most appropriate expression, and the mental outlook of a generation is the most direct reflection.

I never forget my previous life, but I am a teacher of future generations. Reading 300 poems can remind people of an unforgettable time.

For the postscript-reprinted by huzhuang, the poetic style is meaningful and brilliant in Chinese civilization.

Rich and beautiful things, outstanding people. The reprinting of 300 poems once again proves to the world that China has a long history of charm, and its ancient civilization is profound and energetic, which has realized the dreams of many people and teenagers.

Finally, inherit the excellent tradition, carry forward the lofty spirit and respect the great personality. In short, it is the general trend, the will of the people, and the will of the people.

Through "Three Hundred Poems", we can realize the hardship of "the road is long, Xiu Yuan is Xi, Xiu Yuan is Xi, and I will go up and down to seek"; Feel the courage of "I am determined to go forward, the more frustrated I am, the more persistent I am"; Appreciate the * * of "Confident life for 200 years, you will hit the water for three thousand miles". "Three Hundred Poems" is rich in connotation, simple and fluent; Simple explanation, thick accumulation and thin hair; Easy to learn, remember and memorize.

I have produced great cohesion and centripetal force, and I have strengthened my self-esteem and self-confidence. Today, when we read her again, we can not only enjoy and marvel at her atmosphere, but also find back that long-lost pride and comfort, whose historical and practical significance is unpredictable and immeasurable forever.

-Appreciation of Li Zhenggang's Three Hundred Poems: enchanting poems are too outrageous and unusual. Too carefree and detached.

How happy it is to be able to release yourself so freely? The era of poets' life is bound to be an era of advocating humanity and dignity; The poet's living space must also be a space that advocates relaxation and freedom. The history of China was created by the people, and so were China's poems, including Three Hundred Poems.

She was never interested in or even dismissive of the king's orders. It is said that Gan Long, the grandson of Kangxi, wrote more than 10,000 official poems. However, such "precious" things have long been digested by ordinary people and whole grains. Isn't it a pity? "Three Hundred Poems" said what he wanted to say, wrote the poems he wanted to write and made the words he wanted to write. It doesn't mean to be unconventional, just let nature take its course.

Whether you release or vent, you express your feelings in your own way. Why not? (Cedar) Good poetry grinds the world, and harmony is different. I saw it when I was a child, and my childlike innocence was uneven.

Read it in the prime of life, with lofty aspirations and lofty sentiments. Reading it in your later years will bring tears to your eyes.

"Three Hundred Poems" is the accumulation of wasted years; It is the precipitation of rich history; It is the condensation of colorful life; It is the essence of heaven and earth. You can't peek at the door unless you are wise, and you can't look back if you are not kind.

In the past, she was a bridge, a link and a carrier; Now, she is the mainstream, the direction and the flag; In the future, she will become a memory, a history and a symbol. This is independent of the will of someone or some people.

(Wang Huaijun) Poetic heart always stays in softness and movement, and there is a sage in silence. The winner remains the same, and everything turns into light.

In your charm, we gain eternity; In your sacred law, we have perfection. Your "Chun Xue" has high and low; "Dimfragrance, Thin Shadow" is sung lightly; "Sun, Moon, Stars and Morning" complement each other; Wind, frost, rain and snow are full of affection; Lan Mei Zhu Ju satirizes the world and the vulgar; Poetry, words, songs and poems are full of spirit ... which have left an indelible impression on our hearts.

Poetry is open, independent, fearless and secluded. Don't lose your trust in water plague insurance.

"Three Hundred Poems" will always be the blue sky, earth and mountains and seas in people's hearts. Because you are as broad-minded as the blue sky; Be as inclusive as the earth; As tough as a mountain; Absorb hundreds of rivers like the sea.

(Zhai) The realm of poetry is lofty, elegant, not rich, and all are untrue. If you don't quit, you are willing.

If "Three Hundred Poems" is compared to the sea, then the poems of other schools are all fog on the sea level, although the fog has a charming charm and a dreamlike artistic conception. But the sea has its own surging, vast, deep, boundless and all-encompassing spectacular.

(Ma Xian.