Basic knowledge of supermarket

Supermarket (1) The word supermarket comes from English supermarket, which is usually referred to as supermarket for short. It refers to a large-scale comprehensive retail mall with food and household necessities as the main choice by customers. It is a large-scale comprehensive retail mall operated by customers in many countries, especially a supermarket with developed economy.

Also called supermarket. It is the main form of commercial retail organization in many countries, especially in economically developed countries.

Supermarkets first appeared in the eastern United States in the early 1930s. After World War II, especially in 1950s and 1960s, supermarkets developed rapidly all over the world.

In the supermarket, the main business is all kinds of food. Later, the business scope became wider and wider, and gradually expanded to sell clothing, household groceries, household appliances, toys, furniture and medical supplies. Generally, there are baskets or trolleys in front of the supermarket for customers to use. Customers put the selected goods into baskets or trolleys and check out at the checkout counter at the exit.

The characteristics of supermarkets are: (1) The specifications of supermarkets are unified. The goods in the supermarket are packed in advance in a mechanized way according to a certain weight and specifications, and placed on the shelves respectively, and the prices are clearly marked. Customers are self-help and can choose at will.

Electronic computers and other modern equipment are widely used in supermarkets. It is convenient for managers to quickly understand the sales situation, timely save, sort out and package goods, automatically set prices and calculate prices, improve work efficiency and expand sales.

(3) The supermarket has a complete range of goods and convenient selection. People can buy most of the goods they need in daily life in a shopping center, which saves a lot of trouble.

Automatic pricing, high efficiency in pricing and settlement, saving customers' time. Moreover, due to the good operating efficiency of shopping malls, the cost is reduced, so the commodity prices are relatively low, which is welcomed by our customers.

(B) Hypermarkets, large-scale comprehensive supermarkets (hypermarkets) in major cities in China are the most important formats in the modern super-business model, and their market share gradually occupies a dominant position. Taking Shanghai, the fastest-growing and most developed large-scale comprehensive supermarket in China, as an example, it can be said that the large-scale comprehensive supermarket is the fastest-growing format of modern retail industry in China. Why? First, the large-scale comprehensive supermarket is a combination of food supermarket and discount department store, so its development in China can suppress the traditional department store, the old boss of China retail industry, and its price is higher than that of department stores. Second, not only in price, but also in the comprehensiveness of food and other commodities, it can suppress the small supermarkets that have just developed in China. Second, the time for China's large-scale comprehensive supermarkets to enter the urban market was in the mid-1990s, which was an era when the consumption income level of Chinese urban residents, especially those in big cities, increased greatly, and cities entered the "mass consumption era". The consumption characteristics of this era-one-stop shopping and cheap shopping demand-are precisely the main operating characteristics of large-scale comprehensive supermarkets.

At the same time, there were no competitors in this format at that time, whether it was companies with the same brand and different formats or companies with different formats; Third, the rapid development of large-scale comprehensive supermarkets benefits from the process of large-scale urbanization in China. The scale of the city is constantly expanding and developing to the suburbs and outer suburbs, and urban residents are also migrating to the suburbs and outer suburbs in large numbers. For the suburbs and outer suburbs of big cities, department stores have no place there, and small supermarkets can't meet the consumption needs of a large number of urban residents with trendy consumption concepts. Only large-scale comprehensive supermarkets can meet the commercial needs of large-scale urban development; Fourthly, the rapid development of large-scale comprehensive supermarkets lies in that it embodies the unique scale and economy of urban commercial logistics. Because the sales scale of each commodity department of a large-scale comprehensive supermarket is equivalent to that of the same type of specialty store, and the daily parity price policy is implemented, the commodity turnover is accelerated, and the distribution of each batch of orders to suppliers is large and economical, so the logistics mode of direct distribution from manufacturers to stores has emerged.

At present, the development of China's large-scale comprehensive supermarkets in first-class cities and second-class cities presents some characteristics: First, foreign capital has occupied an absolute main force and leading position in the large-scale comprehensive supermarkets, the most important development format of China chain industry, and this position and proportion will continue to expand. Take Shanghai as an example. As of September 30, 2005, * * has opened 1 14 large-scale supermarket chains, including 60 foreign-funded, 20 Sino-foreign joint ventures, 0/8% domestic 16% domestic/kloc-0.

Secondly, vicious competition between large comprehensive supermarkets has really emerged. There have been two international chain companies in Pudong, Shanghai, and the opening of large-scale comprehensive supermarkets is only 700 meters apart. In addition to the price war, the vicious competition of large comprehensive supermarkets is highlighted in the competition for tourists. At present, more than 700 free shuttle buses have been put into operation by large general supermarkets in Shanghai, with 7 15 lines, 67 15 trains and 40,290 stops, which has adversely affected the normal commercial competition order and traffic environment.

In 2006, the competition among large-scale comprehensive supermarkets in major central cities of China will become more and more fierce. This vicious competition mainly comes from two reasons: first, the competition of international chain companies to expand market share (which will become the leading force and mainstream trend of commercial competition in some cities); The second is the competition between domestic chain companies, and the competition between domestic chain companies and foreign chain companies (domestic chain companies will not have the status of China's retail industry if they don't act on the development of large-scale comprehensive supermarkets). Different from our previous forecast, in 2006, foreign large-scale comprehensive supermarkets will rapidly develop into second-and third-tier cities around the central city, and the vicious competition area will expand.

Because for second-and third-tier cities, the entry of foreign capital will not stop because the market is too small, and the vicious competition between central cities and supermarkets in big cities will also be replicated in second-and third-tier cities. Why? The reason is very simple. As long as we don't have a good urban business planning, a good business competition environment and order, and we can't reflect on the gains and losses of introducing commercial foreign capital from the strategic and long-term national interests, some of them are transnational.

2. About shopping mall knowledge learning

On-site management is the daily management of on-site management personnel (such as store manager, duty manager, supervisor, etc.). ) During the on-site inspection. The purpose is to solve the problems in the daily operation process in time and maintain the normal operation order, which is the basis of supermarket management.

1. Requirements of site management personnel: 1. Lead by example, be scientific and fair. On-site managers are managers and instructors of employees. They should handle affairs impartially, strictly control, accumulate experience in their work, actively explore the law of on-site management, and improve the predictability of their work.

2. Strengthen study and improve quality. Familiar with various rules and regulations of supermarket management, as well as laws and regulations related to enterprise management, learn management skills and improve personal quality.

2. The main content of supermarket site management is 1. From the nature of work, it includes hygiene, storefront environment, business preparation, commodity display, out-of-stock inspection, personnel management, service quality, commodity quality, safety production, promotion management, emergency handling, efficiency analysis and improvement of working conditions, in-store customer survey, inventory work, etc. 2. In terms of time, it includes before opening, morning, afternoon and closing.

Third, according to the nature of the work, the specific content is 1, health. Hygiene is one of the most important contents in the on-site management of supermarkets, which can make customers shop easily and happily, make employees work happily and ensure the hygiene of goods.

The job requirements are as follows: (1) Personal hygiene. According to the regulations of the supermarket staff code, you must have a health certificate to enter the supermarket, and you must also wear jewelry according to the regulations, and your clothes should be neat and tidy, and there should be no wrinkles and mess, especially for employees engaged in fresh cooked food processing. (2) Environmental sanitation.

Including floors, walls, desktops, shelves and commodities. The ground is required to be clean and free from dead ends.

The walls, ceilings, ceilings, cylinders, chandeliers and glass surfaces should be free of cobwebs, rat tracks and dust. Under the countertop, on the desktop and under the shelf, it should be placed neatly to avoid clutter, and the dirt on the items should be wiped at any time to keep the items bright and tidy at all times.

Educate employees to have a strong sense of hygiene and pay attention to maintaining hygiene. In addition to the hygiene in the store, we should also pay attention to the environmental hygiene around the store.

(3) Hygiene of equipment and appliances. It is required to clean supermarket management equipment, such as island cabinets, cabinets, electronic scales, scooters, trolleys, shopping baskets, etc. Always keep clean.

Fresh processing equipment should be cleaned and cleaned every day. 2. Store environment.

The work requirements are as follows: (1) The passage is unobstructed. Always check whether the passage is blocked, such as carts, removed packing boxes, stacked whole boxes of goods, shopping carts and baskets, crowded people, etc. All these should be cleaned and channeled in time to keep the passage unblocked and ensure that customers can walk around, browse and buy in the store unimpeded.

(2) The atmosphere of the store is in place. Check whether the POP advertisement is incomplete and defaced, whether the handwriting is standard and beautiful, whether the hanging is reasonable, whether the publicity and decoration of the pile head are in good condition and whether it needs to be supplemented.

(3) Orderly arrangement. Mainly refers to whether shopping carts, shopping baskets, carts, stacking boards, display props, cleaning tools and other items are placed in the specified places, and whether there are procedures for returning them after use.

3. Business preparation. Doing a good job preparation is an important prerequisite for doing a good job that day. Job requirements are as follows: (1) cashier preparation.

Whether the change according to the required amount is sufficient, whether the POS machine and card reader are in good standby state, and whether all kinds of consumables such as printing paper, ribbon and plastic vest bag are sufficient. (2) Personnel preparation.

Attendance, the arrival of every post, especially the arrival of security guards, turn on the lights. If you are absent, find out the reason and deal with it.

Whether the employee's gfd meets the requirements, the employee's appearance is neat, the dress code is standardized, the employee is full of energy and the hair is neat. (3) commodity inspection.

Mainly whether the fresh and frozen products are delivered and divided, whether the packaging is completed, whether the goods of other commodities are timely, whether the stacking and end shelves are vacant, etc. 4. merchandise display.

Display is one of the important contents of on-site management, and its work requirements can be found in commodity display configuration management. 5. Insufficient inspection.

Shortage is the enemy of supermarket management, which not only reduces the sales opportunities, but also damages the image of the supermarket and leads to the artificial loss of customers. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of the goods in short supply, urge the tally team to master the rhythm of the demand for goods, and the on-site management personnel should have a certain foresight on the sales of goods and master the general procedures and methods of the demand for goods. The process of controlling the shortage is as follows: (1) Before Wednesday morning 1 1:00, the chief clerk will print the zero inventory report of sacrificial products, stickers and Class A products by department store and food respectively, and submit it to the manager on duty in duplicate.

(The arrival documents must be entered in time) (2) The manager on duty shall check and verify the missing reports before 2:00 pm, fill in the handling opinions, and submit them to the supervisor for implementation first, then the manager on duty shall keep one copy and hand it over with the duty book for daily missing inspection. (Attached: Inspection Record Form of Lost Products) (3) Determine the responsible person of lost products and handle information errors.

6. Personnel management. The main contents are as follows: (1) Check whether the quality and standards of employees' work are implemented according to the requirements of work standard procedures, and whether the quality and efficiency of work need to be improved.

(2) Labor discipline inspection, whether there are abnormal leave, string posts, poor attendance, chatting together or other disciplinary phenomena, shall be managed in accordance with the Relevant Provisions on Handling Negligence in Supermarket. (3) Labor deployment, mastering the law of supermarket sales time, and deploying personnel in time to ensure the normal operation of the supermarket, such as: adopting the methods of scheduling, deploying different teams and promoters, etc.

(4) Pay attention to employees' mental state and adjust employees' mental outlook. 7. Quality of service.

Any employee in our supermarket should be polite, smile, use civilized language, and pay attention to civilized body language (for example, don't use a finger when indicating the direction, use the palm of your hand, don't shake your head or make signal with your lips, and never be indifferent, arrogant or ignorant to the guests). (1) Cashiers should smile on the basis of skilled cashier, do a good job in three-singing service, use civilized language and answer guests' questions politely.

(2) Tally clerks should answer customers' questions and standardize services. (3) The front desk should provide customer consultation and other services, and cooperate with the store to play in time, such as music, promotional advertisements and commodity information.

(4)。