Feeding method of yellow cattle

1, feeding and management principles of yellow cattle

(1) to meet the nutritional needs of yellow cattle.

To feed yellow cattle, we should first provide enough roughage to meet the microbial activities in rumen, and then mix the diets according to the production purposes and economic benefits of different types or different physiological stages of the same type of cattle. The diet combination should be full of nutrition, variety, palatability and high digestibility, and concentrate, roughage and green feed should be reasonably matched. Calves should be fed colostrum as soon as possible to ensure health; Lactating calves can be stocked as soon as possible, supplemented with plant feed to promote the development of rumen function and strengthen the adaptability of calves to the external environment; The diet of growing cattle is mainly roughage, and the concentrate is reasonably matched according to the production purpose and roughage quality; Fattening cattle are mainly fattened with high-precision diet, and breeding cattle are supplemented in the late pregnancy to ensure the normal growth and development of the fetus in the later period.

(2) Strictly implement veterinary health systems such as epidemic prevention and quarantine.

Cattle farms should be disinfected regularly to maintain a clean and hygienic feeding environment to prevent the increase and spread of pathogenic microorganisms; Often observe the mental state, appetite, feces and other conditions of cattle, formulate scientific immunization procedures, prevent diseases in time, and plan immunization in time. For calves weaned before fattening, timely deworming and health care should be carried out to kill parasites on the body surface. It is necessary to regularly adhere to the brush inspection of cattle bodies and keep them clean. Pay attention to heatstroke prevention and cooling in summer and keep warm in winter. Weigh and measure the body size regularly, and make a number of necessary records to ensure that the cow certificate is consistent.

(3) Strengthen drinking water and exercise regularly.

Cattle's drinking water requires pollution-free water quality, and warm water should be properly drunk in winter to ensure adequate drinking water. Proper exercise is beneficial to the metabolism of cattle, and it can also promote digestion, enhance the adaptability of cattle to rapid changes in the external environment, and prevent physical decline and limb diseases.

2. Main points of general feeding and management of yellow cattle

(1) Regularly quantify to prevent "canning"

Pollution-free yellow cattle producers should understand the needs of different types and production levels of cattle for various nutrients, and rationally match the full-price diet according to the digestive physiological characteristics of various cattle. The principle of catering should be based on coarse feed, supplemented by fine feed. Feed should have a moderate volume, so that cattle can eat well and meet its nutritional needs. After the ration is prepared, the daily feeding times and feeding procedures should be relatively stable, so that cows can form good conditioned reflex and increase saliva secretion, which will provide a good activity environment for rumen microorganisms and improve the digestibility and utilization rate of feed. Cows should be fed three times in the morning, at noon and at night, and cows can be fed twice a day. If the feeding time is randomly disrupted and the composition of the diet is arbitrarily changed, so that the cattle are full and hungry, it will make the cattle eat bad grass and cause "falling trough", that is, rumination occurs during the feeding process, which will affect the normal physiological laws of cattle such as feeding, rumination and rest.

(2) Feeding and grazing in houses, gradually changing.

If the cattle farm has pasture, we should try our best to use grazing to save costs. It should not be too early to switch from house feeding in winter to grazing in spring, because cattle have poor ability to eat low grass. This is the saying that "sheep look forward to Qingming cattle look forward to summer (long summer)". Start grazing the grass for 2-3 hours every day, and gradually increase the grazing time. After at least 10 days, all of them can be converted to grazing. If you graze completely at the beginning, because the grass is too low and the cows are not full, it will lead to "running green", wasting physical strength in vain and reducing the fatness of the cows. At the same time, due to the sudden change of forage, dairy cows are prone to diarrhea, abdominal distension and digestive dysfunction. After grazing, hay or straw must be supplemented at night, and cows with poor fat, pregnant cows and lactating cows should also be fed with 0.5- 1 kg concentrate. Similarly, the transition from grazing to house feeding should be carried out gradually.

(3) Concentrated forage and reasonable collocation.

Cattle feed should be diversified, such as concentrated feed, roughage, green and juicy feed, energy feed and protein feed, grasses and legumes. The forage grass is diversified, and the nutritional components can complement each other, improving palatability and stimulating appetite. Because a variety of feeds need to be matched, it is much easier to change the composition of diet than to suddenly change a single feed.

(4) Pay less attention and feed carefully.

Cows like to eat fresh grass. In order not to waste forage and ensure a strong appetite, we should pay less attention to them. In order to let cattle eat enough grass, most of the diets based on roughage are fed with mixed materials. When mixing materials, the first few times there is less material and less water, and the last two times there is more water, so that the cows can eat and drink at once. Coarse feed should be short and sieved, and moldy forage should not be fed. Foreign materials such as iron wire, nails and glass slag should be prevented from being mixed in feed, especially grass and cake feed bought near towns, which is easy to be mixed with iron wire, and can also be fed to cattle after being treated by magnet device.

(5) Drink plenty of water to promote metabolism.

Cows need enough water for normal metabolism. As the saying goes, "grass is expected to be strong and watery". After drinking enough water, cattle are muscular, shiny, energetic, grow well and improve productivity. In the absence of automatic drinking water equipment, the playground should be equipped with a sink in addition to water supply during feeding. Drinking water should be clean, and drinking well water or heated water in winter can reduce the energy consumption of cattle.

(6) Brush the cows and keep them clean.

Cowhide is a barrier to protect cattle viscera, which can regulate body temperature and prevent the invasion of germs and parasites. Brush cows every day, and the masses say that "brushing is equal to feeding". Brush cattle from front to back, from left to right, often, which can not only keep clean, but also remove parasites, promote blood circulation and gastrointestinal peristalsis, thus promoting digestion. At the same time, the cows are often bathed and groomed, which is docile and convenient for the evolution of management work such as epidemic prevention, weighing and hoofing. Lice and body mites often invade cattle, so they should be removed and treated in time. Body mites mainly harm calves in winter and spring, and they are stubborn. They can be treated with trichlorfon and waste engine oil. The principle of treatment is early treatment, minor treatment and secondary treatment.

(7) Brush the feeding tools frequently and pad the cattle shop frequently.

In order to reduce the chance of bacterial infection, the cowshed should be kept clean and the trough, bucket and cylinder should be brushed in time. Never let the grass left in the feeding trough be eaten next time.