Jiaozuo Coal Mine 120 years, the whole modern history of China is in it!

Jiaozuo Coal Mine is an important anthracite production base in China and the earliest modern coal mine built in Henan. Up to now, Jiaozuo Coal Mine has experienced 12 1 year. Jiaozuo Coal Mine experienced the May 30th tragedy, the Japanese war of aggression against China, the Great Leap Forward after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Cultural Revolution and the wave of laid-off of state-owned enterprises after the reform and opening up, all of which are important historical nodes in modern China. The whole history of Jiaozuo Coal Mine is the epitome of China's modern history. The industrial revolution in the world was triggered by the steam engine, and coal was the fuel of the steam engine. In the modern world, those who get coal win the world. In order to seize coal resources, the powers of various countries crossed the ocean. Weak China, as a big coal country, has long been coveted by the great powers. 1895 China suffered a fiasco in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the treaty of shimonoseki was signed, and the China market was fully opened. Foreign businessmen come to China to invest, build railways and build coal mines. For example, Kailuan coal mine, Fushun coal mine and Kaiping coal mine are all built by foreign capital one after another. Jiaozuo Coal Mine in Henan Province was built by British wealth company at that time. Jiaozuo mining area starts from Baiquan, Huixian County, Xinxiang in the east, passes through Xiuwu County and Jiaozuo City, reaches Aibo County in the west and Wuzhi County in the south, showing an east-west zonal distribution. Jiaozuo Coal Mine is the first modern coal mine in Henan and one of the most important anthracite producing areas in China. Anthracite is the best industrial and civil heating fuel among all kinds of coals. Jiaozuo coal was supplied to the British royal family as early as the beginning of mining in Fu Company. Great development at the beginning of mine construction 1898 British rich company obtained the privilege of "mining ironmaking in the mountainous area north of the Yellow River around Huaiqing" in Henan Province. They surveyed this rich mine in Xiuwu County, Jiaozuo, opened Zemeisheng Plant here, and began to produce coal at 1908. Jiaozuo Coal Mine, the first modern coal mine in Henan, started. Although British investment in Jiaozuo coal mine had colonial intention, it also promoted the modernization of this area. At the beginning of its production, Jiaozuo Coal Mine, a rich company, used cutting-edge equipment and technologies such as boilers, steam turbines and water pumps, and the price of coal produced was only half that of the surrounding small workshops. At that time, most of the local coal mines in China were small workshops of earthen kilns, and the backward technology of hand-chiseling kilns and basket shouldering naturally could not compete, so they closed down one after another. Jiaozuo Coal Mine, a rich company, quickly occupied the local coal market, and its employees grew rapidly from more than 3,000 at the beginning to 8,400 before the Revolution of 1911. For the sake of * * * rich company, thousands of small coal kiln factories in Jiaozuo moved to unite and set up Zhongyuan Company to compete with the rich company's coal mines. Both companies suffered heavy losses because of their competition with each other. Yuan Shikai attached great importance to Jiaozuo's coal industry and personally promoted the merger of Fu Company and Zhongyuan Company. 19 15 In June, Fuzhong Head Office was established, operating separately in different regions. After the merger, Jiaozuo Coal Mine ushered in great development, and Li Feng dug a big well with a daily output of 1000 tons. Wangfeng Mine, which was put into production late, has completely transitioned from manual mining to machine industrial production, with a daily output of 3,000 tons, reaching a high level of infrastructure and management. Fuzhong Company's coal sales network covers the Yangtze River Basin, Beijing and Tianjin, and cities along the Longhai and Han Jing railways. The first merger of British merchant capital and Henan national capital opened the first development peak of Jiaozuo mining area. The miners of British Fu Shang Company are Da * * 1924. The output of raw coal in Jiaozuo Coal Mine has reached1600,000 tons, ranking third in the country, second only to Kailuan and Fushun coal mines. The number of workers in Fuzhong Company reached more than 20,000, making it the largest group of workers in the Central Plains at that time. But the working environment of Jiaozuo coal miners is cruel. Most of the miners in Jiaozuo come from the countryside along the Daoqing Railway. At that time, most of the people who pulled and lifted baskets were teenagers. After a day's work, I don't know how many times my back will be rubbed by the rocks and coal walls in the roadway, and my arms will be red and swollen and covered in blood. As the saying goes, there are eighteen floors of hell on earth, and miners are under eighteen floors. Work at least 12 hours every day, and the working hours can be extended at will. Miners who are far away from home live in a cellar dug near the mining area in order not to delay their work every day. It was dark, damp and stuffy, so they fell asleep with some wheat straw. The average daily wage of miners is only 0.2 yuan, which is only enough to buy three kilograms of rice and barely make ends meet. Moreover, mine accidents occur frequently, and gas explosion accidents will occur every one or two years, causing several people or dozens of deaths and injuries. 1925 On May 30, a 5.30 bloody case occurred in Shanghai. The British killed and injured dozens of students in China, and set off a nationwide strike movement against western powers. More than 10,000 miners from British commercial companies held a national campaign to support the country and demanded better working conditions. Workers gave speeches, posted slogans and distributed leaflets in every corner of Jiaozuo mining area. * * * lasted for eight months and stopped production, which Fu Company could not bear. It resumed production only after accepting the conditions put forward by the workers. Jiaozuo Coal Mine during the Japanese occupation Japan is an island country with dense population and scarce resources, and has long coveted China coal mine resources. 193 1 year, Japan occupied the northeast and plundered coal. 1937 After the July 7th Incident, North China and East China were occupied, and almost all the modern coal mines in China fell into the hands of the Japanese and were plundered. 1February, 938, Japan occupied Jiaozuo, drove away British businessmen, controlled Jiaozuo coal mine and plundered coal resources crazily. During the seven years of Japanese occupation of Jiaozuo Coal Mine, * * * plundered 4.77 million tons of coal. In order to meet the needs of the war, the Japanese simply ignored the lives of miners, added bayonets and whips, and implemented the policy of "exchanging blood for coal". Drive more than 65438+100000 coal miners who are not as good as cattle and horses to produce1000000 tons of coal for them every year. In 1942, the puppet police guarding Jiaozuo coal mine suffered a severe drought in Henan province, resulting in a large-scale crop failure. There is hunger everywhere in Jiaozuo mining area, and there are bodies everywhere on the gangue hill, but they are forced to work. In Jiaozuo Mining Area 1 17 Division Field Hospital, Japanese military doctors conducted vivisection on captured miners and conducted "military medical education". In the article Memories at the Foot of Taihang Mountain-Dissecting the Living, Tanaka Nakano, a former Japanese military doctor, described in detail the process of dissecting a living person, and his behavior was outrageous. During the Japanese occupation period, the miners' guerrillas composed of workers in Jiaozuo mining area were also very active, often destroying railway traffic and fighting indomitable with the Japanese army. The second golden development period after the founding of the People's Republic of China, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, coal miners became masters of their own affairs, and Jiaozuo Coal Mine became a state-owned industry. Implement planned economic management, formulate planned coal production indicators, and conduct unified purchase and marketing. Jiaozuo coal mine, which was affected by years of war, began to recover gradually and ushered in the golden development period of several years after the founding of the People's Republic of China. 1952 produces coal1690,000 tons, and the coal output has reached the level of the most prosperous period in Jiaozuo mining area before the founding of the People's Republic of China. The great development of Jiaozuo coal mine in recent years after the founding of the People's Republic of China has directly affected the present city scale of Jiaozuo. The first model worker conference in Jiaozuo Coal Mine/coking coal release 1958 started the Great Leap Forward movement, and the whole country began to strive for the goal of catching up with Britain in ten years and surpassing the United States in fifteen years. Within a few days, more than 200,000 farmers from Xinxiang and Anyang were organized to join the steelmaking team and coal miners in Jiaozuo, and a large number of mines were opened, blast furnaces were built, and coal was dug to make iron. With great manpower mobilization, the annual output of coal has climbed to new heights from 1.958 to 465,438+ten thousand tons. In 65,438+0,966,5438+0 years, the annual output reached a record high of 6965,438+0,000 tons, and it has never exceeded this figure until today. Jiaozuo Institute of Mining and Technology was founded in 1958. According to our usual impression, during the Cultural Revolution, the political situation was turbulent and all kinds of social production came to a standstill. Actually, Jiaozuo Coal Mine is not. During the Cultural Revolution, the output of Jiaozuo coal mine continued to grow. Despite the influence of various political movements, our working class still maintains a good working condition under the slogan of "grasping revolution and promoting production". Under the tide of marketization, after the reform and opening up of Jiaozuo coal mine, some economic fields were liberalized. At that time, many state-owned enterprises were faced with the problems of backward equipment, high labor cost and serious overcapacity. They were also impacted by the rise of a large number of private enterprises and the introduction of foreign companies after the opening up, which made these old industrial enterprises lose money year after year. By the early 1968+0990' s, there was a large-scale wave of laid-off state-owned enterprises. Jiaozuo coal mine has suffered losses all the year round and is difficult to operate. The mine is old, with large water inflow and gas, and there are too many redundant staff. By 1995, there were nearly 60,000 employees and more than 20,000 retirees in the mining area. By the beginning of the new century, the annual output of coal has dropped to about 3 million tons. In the past, during the planned economy period, the purchase and sale of coal were unified, and so was the employment of workers. Miners enjoy the glory of workers in state-owned enterprises, have an iron rice bowl and a factory as their home, but now they are facing layoffs. Workers' wages can't be paid, and some mines give workers a few yuan of food stamps every day to make a living. Workers began to do odd jobs for farmers, collect wheat, unload cement bags at handling stations and resist sacks. Some families with special difficulties go to the vegetable market to pick up leaves and go to the grain station to sweep rice. Jiaozuo mining area has been in a state of ruin. Now Jiaozuo Coal Mine has undergone market-oriented reform, established Coking Coal Group, bankrupted some mines, and its coal output has increased year by year, which has begun to revitalize. From 1898 to 20 19, Jiaozuo Coal Mine was in 12 1, the reincarnation of two sons. Jiaozuo Coal Mine is moving forward in twists and turns, just like old China, struggling to fly again in the wave of modernization. Jiaozuo Coal Mine will continue to write its destiny and fulfill its mission. (Image from the Internet)/////Fu Zhengqi, a native of Lushan, worked as a liaison in Zhengzhou Fanxing Reading Club since childhood, and devoted himself to folk reading and promoting the copyright works of Henan local industrial history. 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