Characteristics and development of disaster relief

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the state exercised unified leadership over disaster relief work, and deployed disaster prevention, relief and rescue work in a planned and step-by-step manner. Its characteristics are: ① based on the radical policy of active disaster relief, the disaster prevention ability is improved; Water conservancy construction has been strengthened, a lot of manpower and financial resources have been invested, and many farmland water conservancy facilities of different scales have been built, such as flood control, irrigation, drainage, power generation, etc., which have basically controlled flood disasters within a certain range and ensured industrial and agricultural production and urban and rural security; Carry out large-scale afforestation, pest control and other work. ② Give full play to the advantages of centralization and unification, and mobilize the whole people to resist disasters. For example, in 1954, a once-in-a-century flood occurred in the Jianghuai Basin, and the provinces along the Yangtze River organized140,000 cadres and10,000 soldiers and civilians to participate in the flood fighting and rescue struggle. Under the unified command of the local party committee and government, the flood attack was quickly defeated. 1In May, 987, a serious forest fire broke out in Daxinganling. The state mobilized and commanded more than 50,000 officers and men of the People's Liberation Army, forest police and the people to fight in the fire for 25 days and nights, and defeated the fire. (3) The state, society and the victims should be combined to cooperate with the disaster relief efforts. The principle of disaster relief work is: "Relying on the masses, relying on the collective, helping each other in production, supplemented by the necessary relief and support from the state." The form of disaster relief is mainly "production self-help", self-reliance, development of production, as far as possible to reduce and make up for disaster losses; Mobilize social forces to achieve "one party is affected by the disaster and all parties support it"; Disaster relief funds are allocated according to the principle of "earmarking" and "focusing on use", supplemented by necessary state relief.

With the development of socialist construction, China is reforming the way of disaster relief in a planned and step-by-step way. For example, a mutual fund will be established at the village level in rural areas, either in the form of social insurance or in the form of a combination of funds and social insurance. Social insurance mainly combines the strength of the state, the collective and the individual to establish an insurance fund to supplement the rich countries and improve the efficiency of disaster relief. On the basis of voluntary mutual assistance, farmers pay a certain amount of insurance premiums according to the number of crops and houses in accordance with the contract, and at the same time, the state and the collective invest part of the disaster relief funds to form a disaster relief cooperative insurance fund. After the disaster, the insurance fund management unit will compensate the losses of crops, livestock and houses insured by farmers in accordance with the provisions of the insurance contract to ensure the basic livelihood and reproduction of the victims.