Research on anti-leakage technology for high-rise building exterior walls?

Faced with the rapid development of my country's social economy, the increasing population, and the increasing shortage of land resources, in order to effectively solve people's housing problems, my country's construction industry has gradually paid attention to the development of high-rise buildings. However, in actual construction, problems such as leakage in the exterior walls of high-rise buildings have not been effectively solved. In order to ensure the safety of people's lives and property and the service life of the building, continuous exploration must be carried out to develop effective solutions. Measures to avoid leakage in building exterior walls.

Foreword

With the acceleration of urbanization, people's living standards have gradually improved, urban land space has become tense, and high-rise buildings have risen accordingly, which has had a great impact on people's lives. Big impact. And people have also put forward new requirements for the construction quality of high-rise buildings. However, judging from the current status of high-rise building construction, various external wall leakage problems have not been effectively solved. The existence of these problems not only affects the service life of high-rise buildings, but also makes it difficult to effectively guarantee the comfort of living.

1 Analysis of the causes of leakage problems in high-rise exterior walls

(1) Due to leakage in the wall itself. In actual construction, it is difficult for construction workers to accurately grasp the verticality of the structure, which often results in uneven plastering thickness on the exterior wall. Excessive thickness of the plastering layer and improper handling often easily lead to cracking or even falling off. This causes leakage and other quality problems. In addition, when pouring shear wall concrete, the density of the concrete is low due to poor vibration, which can easily cause leakage of the concrete itself. In addition, during the pouring of structural walls and slabs, the relevant construction personnel did not control the sinking time of the wall concrete well, resulting in the concrete wall's sinking degree being insufficient and cracks eventually appearing. During the concrete curing process, construction workers often tend to neglect the curing work of the exterior wall concrete, or the curing time is insufficient, causing cracks and leakage due to temperature differences between the inside and outside of the wall concrete.

(2) Leakage caused by irregular installation of exterior wall doors and windows and improper handling of holes left during construction. When installing aluminum alloys, many construction workers fail to install combination windows, window frames, etc. in accordance with standard requirements, and do not take waterproofing measures on the window sills, which leads to hollowing and leakage in the window frames. In addition, during the construction of high-rise buildings, holes such as shear wall holes used for penetration will be left. If these holes are not sealed in strict accordance with the specifications, many gaps will occur, leading to leakage problems.

(3) Leakage occurred during the construction of the infill wall. During the construction of the project, the workability of the vertical mortar in the external wall masonry process was not good enough, and its strength was relatively low. In addition, its shrinkage was large and its compactness was poor. At the same time, because the construction workers were not strict Construction in accordance with construction standards and failure to properly moisten the masonry bricks will cause the mortar to crack and cause leaks.

2 Application of anti-leakage construction technology for high-rise exterior walls

2.1 Frame structure walls

(1) Concrete pouring and maintenance of wall structures. The concrete pouring process should comply with the requirements of its construction specifications. Vibration operation is the key. Vibration should be standardized and orderly. It should be inserted quickly and pulled out slowly, and no leakage or excessive vibration is allowed. During the construction of layered pouring, the vibrator must be inserted up and down. At the junction of layers, it should also be penetrated to a depth of 50mm to fully ensure that the quality is up to standard. And concrete should be poured continuously. If there is a pause, it should be poured before the initial setting of the previous concrete to avoid cold joints in the wall and leakage points. Attention should be paid to the maintenance of wall concrete. Moisture curing should be carried out within 12 hours after the concrete is poured, and a certain curing period should be maintained. In addition, improper handling of the post-poured concrete tape can easily cause wall leakage. The type and strength level of concrete used in the post-poured tape, as well as the pouring time control, should be in accordance with the design and construction technical specifications.

(2) Selection of masonry materials and specific requirements for masonry construction. In actual construction, the masonry materials used must pass relevant material sampling tests, and their compressive strength must meet the design and high-rise building construction standards. The blocks used in construction must ensure their maintenance period after leaving the cauldron. In addition, the selection of mortar should ensure that it meets the construction requirements of aerated concrete masonry. The use of special masonry mortar can fully exert its water retention performance, thereby effectively preventing the occurrence of cracks.

Before the construction of exterior walls, a special masonry construction plan should be prepared and the construction briefing should be done, and the entire construction process should be strictly controlled.

The stacking and transportation of materials should be controlled in accordance with the requirements of the specifications; in actual construction, the moisture content of the blocks should be reasonably controlled in accordance with the construction requirements; the assembly method of the wall, the setting of wall reinforcements and structural columns should all comply with the design and Specification requirements; at the same time, during the masonry process, the height of one masonry should be controlled within 1.5m as required to prevent hidden quality hazards caused by excessive masonry and excessive vertical pressure on the wall; wall masonry The distance to the bottom of the beam should be controlled within the standard range. After a reasonable construction gap, the top bricks can be laid diagonally or the concrete can be filled horizontally according to the specifications.

(3) Properly handle the handover parts. During the construction of the project, if the handovers of beams, columns and exterior walls are not handled, or the handling measures are improper, some cracks will appear due to inconsistent shrinkage rates. Therefore, for these handover parts, use materials with a width greater than 300mm. Nailed wire mesh or similar reinforcement measures should be added, and 1:1 cement slurry plastering should be added to the surface to enhance the bonding strength between the wall and the wire mesh and minimize the chance of cracks.

2.2 External insulation layer

① Use more mature external wall insulation construction technology as much as possible. Before construction, the base surface should be treated to make it smooth and clean without hollows; the pasting area of ??the insulation board should meet the requirements, and it must be flat and firm when pasted, and the joints should be staggered; the insulation board beside the opening frame should be processed and formed from a whole plate Paving; the board seams at the corners should also be staggered. In short, the standardized construction process can effectively ensure the construction quality of external insulation and prevent the occurrence of cracking.

② During the anti-leakage construction process, it is necessary to scientifically and effectively prevent the stress constraints existing in actual construction, and take corresponding measures to avoid cracks caused by stress concentration in the insulation layer. In addition, flexible construction materials can be used for construction, thereby effectively controlling leakage problems and promoting the improvement of exterior wall construction quality.

③ Pay attention to the treatment of exterior wall enclosure structure. The exterior wall enclosure structure mainly includes: reinforced concrete beams and columns, shading balconies and balconies, etc., which are affected by relevant temperature differences. This will cause heat transfer bridges to appear in these parts, which are so-called thermal bridges, and are related to thermal bridges. The insulation layer at the bridge will cause hollowing and cracking, which will easily lead to leakage. Therefore, during construction, we must pay attention to the node processing of the enclosure structure and complete the complete closure of the thermal insulation settings.

2.3 Exterior wall decorative surface layer

In paint surface decoration, pressing polymer plastering mortar into anti-crack mesh cloth is a mature construction technology. During construction, attention should be paid to the construction sequence and time, the uniformity of plastering, the thickness of the anti-crack mesh cloth and the control of overlaps. The same attention should be paid to the construction details of some openings and corners. In addition, during the installation of exterior wall facing bricks, attention should be paid to controlling the moisture content, and the facing materials should be washed to ensure their cleanliness before use, and then soaked and allowed to dry to meet the requirements before use. In addition, before installing facing bricks on the exterior wall, a comprehensive inspection of the hollow cracks must be carried out, and some scientific and reasonable measures must be taken to handle the construction to ensure the overall quality of the construction.

2.4 Detailed treatment of doors, windows and reserved holes

Leakage in doors, windows and surrounding areas is a common problem of leakage in exterior walls, so it should be highly valued during the construction process. The main requirements are: Note: Before installing the window frame, check its flatness and verticality, and ensure that the connection of the embedded parts is firm. The window frame installation should be fixed with special galvanized steel sheets with a thickness of not less than 1.5mm. The window sill plate should be formed by pouring in-situ concrete at one time, and the vibration should be dense. The outward drainage slope of the window sill plate should not be less than 20%. It is advisable to choose exterior windows with attached frames. The material selection and installation of attached frames should comply with relevant standards and specifications.

The window lintel needs to be equipped with a drip groove with a width and depth of not less than 10mm. A 5mm glue groove should be left at the junction between the exterior wall finish and the window frame. The glue surface must be clean and dry before application. Neutral silicone weather-resistant sealant caulking material should be used for window frames and openings. Various types of external wall holes left during the construction process must be treated according to waterproofing requirements. Fine stone concrete or dry hard mortar mixed with waterproofing agent and expansion agent should be used, and the holes should be sealed tightly in 2 to 3 times, and then reused on the outside. Waterproof paint is applied in multiple coats.

3 Conclusion

For the anti-leakage construction of exterior walls of high-rise buildings, due to the influence of many factors, the related construction technology is more complicated, so the related Construction units must take effective measures to carry out anti-leakage construction based on actual conditions to ensure the overall quality of high-rise buildings so as to better serve people. Therefore, in actual construction, construction personnel must operate in strict accordance with construction design requirements and specifications, actively use new materials and equipment, and introduce advanced anti-leakage construction technologies to better meet construction quality requirements.

The above research on anti-leakage technology for exterior walls of high-rise buildings was collected and compiled by Zhongda Consulting

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