What is the introduction of Jiuhua Mountain?

Jiuhuashan, formerly known as Jiuzishan. Jiuzi Mountain is named after its strange mountains, which are higher than Yun Biao, and its peaks are different, and the number is nine. Li Baiyou, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem, "Once upon a time, I looked at Jiuhua Mountain on Jiujiang, and the Tianhe River hung green water and embroidered nine hibiscus", which was renamed Jiuhua Mountain. It is located in the southwest of Qingyang County, Anhui Province, with an area of 65,438+000 square kilometers and 99 peaks, among which Tiantai, Lotus, Tianzhu and Ten Kings are the most majestic. The elevation of Wang Feng, the main peak, is1342m. There are many streams, waterfalls, strange rocks, ancient caves and pine and bamboo in the mountains. The landscape is colorful and varied; Ancient temple jungle, all over it; Morning bell and dusk drum, sound far and near. In the Tang Dynasty, Liu Yuxi praised it as "the shock at the sight of a strange peak", and in the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi praised it as "the majestic mountain outside the Chu River, and this mountain is both majestic", which is known as "the first mountain in Southeast China". The ancients summarized the beautiful and charming scenery of Jiuhua Mountain into five famous scenic spots, such as Wuxi Mountain, Yan Tao Waterfall, Comfortable silver moon, Dongyan Zuo Yan, Hiraoka Snow Scene, Flower City Night Bell, Lotus Peak Sea of Clouds, Jiuzi Spring Sound, Tianzhu Fairy, Tiantai Dawn, etc. The scenery of Jiuhua Mountain is gorgeous and elegant, which is far from being summarized by ten scenes. It changes with the seasons and becomes interesting. Especially the Bamboo Sea in Minyuan, covering an area of 1000 mu, is full of beautiful mountains and mighty winds, and the streams sing Haruka, which is full of fun. On the side of the mountain in the sea of bamboo stands a well-known phoenix pine. It was planted in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and has a history of 1400 years. Its trunk is flat and covered with scales, and its two branches are high and low. From a distance, it looks like a green phoenix flying high, and is called "the first pine in the world".

The beautiful scenery of Jiuhua Mountain attracted believers to choose to do Dojo here. Buddhism was introduced into Jiuhua Mountain in Jin Dynasty. According to the Records of Chizhou, in the fifth year of Jinlong 'an (40 1), a Tianzhu monk went out to lecture and founded Mao 'an. In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, a monk named Tan lived there. In the 7th year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (7 19), Jin Qiaojue, a close relative of Silla (now Korea) king, crossed the sea to China and went to Jiuhua Mountain. He is devout and diligent, and his influence is gradually increasing. He is known as the "Cave Monk". In the tenth year of Tang Zhenyuan (794), he died suddenly on July 30 of the lunar calendar, at the age of 99. It is said that when the letter was opened three years later, "the color was like life, the pockets were soft, and the joints were like golden locks." At that time, people thought he was similar to the Buddha in Buddhist legend. He was the incarnation of the Buddha, the king of the earth. Therefore, he is called a "treasure house". According to Buddhist scriptures, the Bodhisattva Dizang is the bodhisattva on which all beings depend for salvation after the destruction of Sakyamuni and before the birth of Maitreya. Its vow is: "All living beings are exhausted, so that Bodhi can be proved; Hell is not empty, I will never become a Buddha. " After Jiuhua Mountain was turned into the Dojo of Tibetan Bodhisattva, the temple was built on a large scale and became increasingly prosperous in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. In its heyday, there were many monks and nuns with strong incense, and there was a grand occasion of "Jiuhua Qiansi, scattered in the clouds", enjoying the reputation of "Buddhist country and fairy capital". There are 78 ancient temples, more than 6,300 Buddha statues, and more than 2,000 Buddhist cultural relics such as Tibetan scriptures, other jade seals and utensils donated by Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty. In the Centennial Palace, there is also a perfect statue of the Zen master.

The temple architecture in Jiuhua Mountain is quite ingenious and unique. From the overall layout, Jiuhua Mountain is regarded as an indomitable spirit, with the rooftop as the head, the east as the back, the west as the face, the city as the abdomen and the five streams as the foot; In the local layout, relying on the mountain, it broke the traditional solemn way of China temple architecture, sought harmony from dispersion, and made bold and meticulous arrangements according to local conditions, which made it have the characteristics of white walls and gray tiles like mountain dwellings, but its internal structure was complex and changeable. Large and small temples start from Wuxi at the foot of the mountain, reach the formation center of Jiuhua Street, cross the folk garden and climb to the highest place on the rooftop. These temples stand on the mountain, or condescending, or strewn at random, or tortuous, with different shapes, sparse and dense. Most of them adopt the architectural form of local mountain villages, which is simple and solemn. The foundation of the wall is made of stone; Most of the walls are made of stone and clay tablets and polished with white lime. Except for a few halls with rest peaks, the roofs are hard mountains and two falling waters, covered with locally fired ochre black pottery tiles. Temple houses are generally two-story or three-story quadrangles with an inner patio, and the main Buddhist temples are placed in the back. In temples, there are usually small wooden windows, window sashes, doors, tables and shrines. Fine-made, the carved figures are vivid and exquisite. The existing representative temples include Kanluo Temple, Tanyuan Temple, Huacheng Temple, untenable Lin Tan, Tidian, Baisui Palace, Shangshantang, Minyuan Ni 'an Temple and Tiantai Temple.

Tanyuan Temple is located at the west foot of the east cliff of Huacheng Temple in Jiuhua Mountain. It was founded in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, and was rebuilt and added many times in Qing Dynasty, with the largest scale in the whole mountain. In front of the temple, there are tunnels with lotus flowers and money patterns. There are Maitreya Buddha, Two Generals, Four donkey kong, Eighteen Arhats and other large Buddha statues in the temple. The Hall of the Great Hero is about 65,438+03 feet high, covered with golden glazed tiles and painted buildings with cornices. The three gilded Buddha statues in the temple are all more than 20 feet high, making them the highest in Jiuhua Temple. On both sides of the wall, there are eighteen arhats with different spirits. Behind the giant Buddha, there is a huge painted wall sculpture-island, which is more than 2 feet wide and about 5 feet high. Behind the main hall is an island map more than 20 feet high. There are many three-dimensional paintings of Buddhist stories on the island, such as Guanyin fighting Aoyu. Looking up, such as Wan Li waves cover the sky, thrilling. The entrance to the front hall of Gion Temple is a three-story pagoda-like building with half eaves hanging from the top of the mountain and yellow-green glazed tiles. The entrance is an arch with a plaque of "Tanyuan Temple" on the door. The surrounding white wall stands out against a big red wall.

Huacheng Temple, the general jungle and Kaishan Temple in Jiuhua Mountain, is located in Jiuhua Street in the center of Jiuhua Mountain. It is backed by Baiyun Mountain, south by Furong Ridge, east by Dongya, west by Shenguangling and surrounded by mountains. According to legend, in the fifth year of Long 'an in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (40 1), the Sangbei Ferry once built a temple here. According to Records of Jiuhua Mountain, in the second year of Tang Zhide (757), Qingyang people built temples such as Zhuge Festival and invited Jin Qiaojue to live here. In the second year of the Tang Dynasty (78 1), it was turned into a Tibetan Dojo, and the emperor gave it a plaque "Hua Cheng". Emperor Xuande and Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty all wrote plaques and presented gold for restoration. The existing temples, * * * have four main halls, except that the later Buddhist scripture building was built during the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty, and the rest were rebuilt during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty. The whole temple rises step by step with the terrain, solemn and simple. There is a plaque of "Huacheng Temple" hanging at the entrance of the temple, and the lintel, bucket arch and beam column are beautifully carved. In particular, the ceiling caisson in the main hall is carved with Kowloon Pearl, which is a treasure of wood carving art. There are streams, fields and streets in front of the hall, and there is a crescent-shaped release pond in the middle of the circular square, named Crescent Pond. The Buddhist Heritage Exhibition Hall at the back of the temple displays the imperial edict of the Wanli Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, 6,777 volumes of Tibetan Scriptures, Baye Scriptures, Golden Land Kowloon Seal and 1300 other Buddhist cultural relics.

Baisui Palace, also known as the Star-Picking Hall. This is a magnificent building complex, built on the cliff of Mokongling on the east cliff. According to the records of the stone tablet in front of the palace, during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the monk Yu Hai (No.Immaculate Zen Master, ancestral home in wanping county, Hebei Province) came to this mountain from Wutai Mountain and lived in the Star Picking Pavilion in Mokongling. He lived 100 years by eating wild fruits for many years. Three years after his death, the monks respected his noble age and built a palace to commemorate him. In the third year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1630), the emperor awarded him the title of "Shen Ying Bodhisattva" and painted him with gold powder. Now there are not only Buddha statues in the palace, but also the gold-plated body of the flawless Zen master and the scriptures he copied with tongue and blood mixed with gold powder before his death. The architecture of the Centennial Palace is very ingenious. It used the ups and downs of rocks to organize the space, and built 99 and a half halls on the rugged cliffs. Because the roof is at the same height, but the baseline and the mountain are attached to the rock, the outline is neat from a distance, and the walls are tall and powerful, just like a magnificent castle. Its walls are long or short, wide or narrow; The space in the house is big or small, long or square, depending on the change of rock shape. Clever layout and exquisite construction. Its internal structure is more ingenious. The Daxiong Hall at the entrance of the temple is a one-story building, which passes through several floors and gradually descends according to the mountain situation until it reaches the ground floor. The whole Buddha statue of Daxiong Baoou is located on a round boulder, and the axis layout of the whole hall begins. The boulder is exposed in the Buddhist temple with its original color, which is in harmony with the environment outside the temple. This is an excellent example of the integration of artificial buildings and natural rocks.

The remains hall is located in Shenguangling, Jiuhua Mountain. It is a pagoda-shaped building built on the burial ground of Dizang, also known as Dizang Tower. Founded in the second year of Tang Jianzhong, it was rebuilt during the Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty. The hall is built on the mountain, with thick eaves and iron tiles, surrounded by red walls, cloisters and stone pillars, and carved beams and painted buildings reflect each other. It is called "Bujin Resort". There are seven wooden pagodas in the main hall, which are about17m high and are octagonal. There are 8 niches on each floor, which are used for statues of Tibetan kings. The bottom of the pagoda is used for the Buddha statue of the Tibetan king, and there are ten statues of kings on both sides. The ground of tower foundation, altar and temple is paved with white marble. The entrance to the Hall of Fame is a concave corridor with a long window. There is a plaque of "the first mountain in the southeast" on the corridor, and there is a vertical forehead of wood carving of "Hall of Fame" on the forehead. There are hundreds of stone steps (8 1 step) leading to the mountain gate in front of the temple, and there is an overpass across the stone steps, which is magnificent.

There are many precious cultural relics in the Tibao room and its cultural relics exhibition room, some of which are also gifts for the royal family, which are very rare. The golden seal of Xiaolong and the jade seal of Lisheng, which were cast in the Tang Dynasty to Germany, and the dragon seal cast in the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty were all gifts from feudal emperors to the mourning hall. In addition, there are bronze ritual vessels used in front of the Buddha statue in the Forbidden City in the Ming Dynasty, Shi Jinlong carved in the Wanli period, and the "eight-tone stone" made in the Ming Dynasty that can knock out eight tones; During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, the cross-sea mounts of Jin Zang (also known as Kirin, three feet long, two feet wide, two and a half feet high and weighing 500 kilograms) were heard endlessly. As for bronze and porcelain Buddha statues, various rosaries, rosaries and Buddhist classics, there are also many collections here, which can be called a treasure house of Buddhist cultural relics.

Jiuhua Mountain is not only a Buddhist holy land, but also a national key scenic spot. It has the best of both worlds and is an ideal destination for Chinese and foreign tourists and outstanding men and women. Especially at the traditional temple fair on the 30th day of the seventh lunar month, monks and nuns and pilgrims from all over the country came here to hold Buddhist ceremonies, worship incense and other activities, and gathered around the body tower to hold a vigil for the earth treasure king. Nearby urban and rural residents also went up the mountain to exchange materials and carry out folk culture and entertainment activities. There are thousands of tourists and pilgrims, and the Buddhist names are endless day and night, cigarettes are lingering, and drums are endless for days, showing a grand occasion.