What are the artistic features of poetry?

Poetry is a literary genre with a long history. It regards image as the basic structural unit of poetry expression. With the help of rich imagination and novel metaphors, with a strong sense of rhythm and music, it highly summarizes the poet's profound understanding of the universe and life and his sincere admiration for life. It is a concise and infectious art in the process of creative imagination through the blending of profound thoughts and full feelings.

First of all, lyricism is the fundamental artistic feature of poetry.

Novels, fables and fairy tales mainly reproduce life through characters or animals and storylines; Prose mainly reproduces life with the help of some characters, events and scenes; Drama mainly reproduces life through the contradictions and conflicts of characters, language and narration. Poetry, on the other hand, mainly reflects life through lyric. Therefore, lyricism is the language art of poetry. Some people call lyric the soul of poetry.

The lyricism of poetry means that poetry not only reflects life and expresses the author's thoughts and feelings in a lyrical way, but also touches and educates readers in a lyrical way. Guo Moruo once said: "Poetry is dedicated to lyricism." Lyricity constitutes the artistic life of poetry. Without lyricism, there is no poetry, because without lyricism, there is no basic value. China's earliest collection of poems, The Book of Songs, reflects people's life and feelings three thousand years ago.

Some people say that poetry is used to express feelings. We can't transcend time and space in the physical sense, but we can transcend time and space in the psychological sense, and this transcendence is accomplished through lyricism in poetry. Now we can't understand the sufferings of people in the war-torn society where Du Fu lived, but we can feel them through the lyrical feelings in Du Fu's "The Story of Climbing Yueyang Tower". Wang Wei's "Send Yuan Er to Anxi" skillfully conveys the author's thoughts and feelings of being reluctant to part with his friends and crying, and tells the joy when meeting, the helplessness when leaving, and the thoughts and feelings after leaving. Maybe it's no big deal that we modern people are separated now. We not only have convenient transportation, but also convenient contact. We can contact each other through a phone call, a text message and an email, and even see familiar faces through videos. However, the traffic was inconvenient at that time, so I don't know when to meet again this time, and I will leave.

"The foot of my bed is shining with such bright light. Is it frosty already? . Looking up, I found that it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly thought of home. " This poem is one of Li Bai's homesick poems. He used twenty words to express his loneliness and homesickness in a foreign land. When we leave our hometown, we will also read this poem in the moonlight, especially during the Mid-Autumn Festival. This is the artistic soul of poetry. The reason why a beautiful and moving poem has been passed down through the ages and attracted millions of readers is that although some poems are far away from us and have no contemporary experience, they will still be shocked by their poems. This is the power of beauty embodied in poetry lyricism, and its internal basis is the fullness and sincerity of feelings to a great extent.

Secondly, the beauty of images is the basic feature of poetry.

The main means of expression of novels and dramas are the dialogue between story plots and characters, while the main means of expression of poetry is to appeal to the images and rhythms intuitively felt by readers. Bright images and sonorous rhymes are the common features of poetry.

Materialist dialectics holds that grasping the essence of things is to see the essence through phenomena. The human brain is the reflection of objective things, and external things are perceived and reflected in the brain, and conclusions are abstracted through thinking. This conclusion is an understanding of the nature of landscape. However, the understanding of essence is abstract, static, comprehensive and impersonal. How can I express it? For example, when our beloved Premier Zhou passed away, people felt very sad. How do people express their grief? We can vividly express the pain of losing Premier Zhou with words such as "my heart is twisted with knives" and "sorrow is greater than death in my heart", and poetry is also about images. When we came back from our trip, we told our friends that the scenery there was beautiful. We simply said, "The scenery there is so beautiful!" "Others can't imagine how beautiful it is. Is it as beautiful as Huguangyan in Zhanjiang? Or is it as beautiful as Dinghu Mountain in Zhaoqing? We can express it in a general sentence, such as "Guilin's landscape is the best in the world". But this is not vivid enough, and it must be described visually, just like Bai Juyi's "Spring Tour in Qiantang" reappears the scenery we see in front of readers with beautiful language.

Poetry can be divided into lyric poetry, narrative poetry and mystery poetry. Lyrics are often mixed with scenes and images, and mystery poems, especially philosophical poems that interpret life, are abstract things. Philosophy should be expressed through concrete images and moved by feelings. Because poetry arouses the reader's thoughts by expressing emotion, and the poet's feelings are mobilized by his feelings about specific things, he must reproduce the image of this specific thing, so that people can know the source of his feelings and feel the same. Visualization makes people feel beautiful and easy to understand and accept. Su Shi's poem "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but toward which corner of the mountain" uses a mountain to illustrate abstract philosophy. In addition to the beauty of images, this poem, which is written in detail, has flexible and delicate images and can be viewed from many angles, which seems to have endless implications. China's poetry theory emphasizes that images should be both intentional and concrete. Image can be said to be an important factor in poetry.

Thirdly, the beauty of music is the innate quality of poetry.

Yuefu in the Han Dynasty was sung with music, the words in the Tang and Song Dynasties had qupai, and poetry was used for singing. Although it has developed to the point where poetry and songs are gradually separated, and some of them can no longer be sung, the essence of music has not changed. Poetry is one of the earliest art forms, which was closely combined with music and dance in the initial stage. In ancient society, people came back from hunting to sacrifice and celebrate. They danced, drummed and sang around the bonfire. Sacrifice in the palace is also a poem, and so is a brothel geisha. It can be said that the beauty of music is the innate quality of poetry.

Between ancient and modern times, among all kinds of literature and art, poetry and music are the closest arts. Some people say that they are inseparable companions and twin sisters. In music, we will feel the factors of poetry, and in poetry, we will experience the characteristics of music. For example, Li Qingzhao's "Slow Sound" is "searching, cold and clear, sad and miserable", and Xu Zhimo's "Farewell to Cambridge" has the first paragraph: "I left gently, just as I came gently; Gently waving your hand and bidding farewell to the clouds in the western world all reveal the profound and graceful musical effect.

The musical beauty of poetry lies in rhythm and rhythm. A song is composed of rhythm and music score. Without rhythm, this song is like a glass of water. It has no ups and downs and cannot convey the emotions expressed in it. Rhythm ups and downs, sonorous and powerful, can arouse the reader's * * * psychologically. For example, Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip describes the pipa sound to express the lonely and sad feelings of the pipa girl, which leads to the author's saying, "We all fall in the world and we meet. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " .

Fourth, the beauty of language is the beating note of poetry.

The conductor of the music world uses his wand-like hand to mobilize the ups and downs of music language, telling the flowing thoughts and ups and downs of feelings; Master painters use the brush of passion and thinking to blend red, orange, yellow and green into superb painting language, showing different artistic thinking and aesthetic taste; Poets combine ordinary words into beautiful, vivid, accurate and concise poetic language, and express their full passion with gorgeous flowers.

Poetry is not as tortuous and bizarre as fiction and prose, nor is it as sharp as drama. It only has vivid, refined, colorful, audio and dynamic language, depicting vivid artistic scrolls and opening up the artistic realm of "a bright future". Cao Cao's "Short Songs" outlines a vast and magnificent picture of mountains and rivers in concise language, expressing his ambitious thoughts and feelings, while Li Qingzhao's "Fighting for Crossing, Fighting for Crossing, Starting a Gull" shows the happy picture of the poet returning from drunkenness.

The ancients said: "For human nature, without surprising words, we can't stop worrying about beautiful sentences." . The language of poetry is beautiful because its language is refined, which makes poetry shine and touches readers' hearts, just like diamonds stand out from a high-temperature furnace. The refinement of words is the means of expression of poetry, and often a poem, a few sentences or even a word can vividly show the content expressed by poetry to readers. The word "knock" in Jia Dao's "Birds Stay on the Tree by the Pool, Monks Knock at the Door under the Moon" makes readers hear the sound of knocking at the door in the poem, although they read it with their eyes; The "green" Ann in Wang Anshi's Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan vividly depicts a girl who comes to Jiangnan quietly in spring and dresses Jiangnan in green.

The language of poetry is not only concise, but also uses various rhetorical devices to add icing on the cake. Poetry skillfully uses personification, materialization, metaphor, symbol and other methods to portray vivid images, draw readers' thoughts, and make readers gain profound thoughts, lessons and aesthetic influence of poetry in a subtle way. Shu Ting's poem "Motherland, My Dear Motherland" materialized "me" into "worn-out old waterwheel", "blackened miner's lamp", "withered ear of rice", "disrepair roadbed" and "barge on the beach", which contained how poor and backward the motherland was in the ten-year catastrophe and the kind of "painful hope" hidden by the author. Li Bai's "Looking at Lushan Waterfall", "Flying down three thousands of feet, it is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days", depicts the magnificence of the motherland's mountains and rivers with exaggerated methods; Yu Guangzhong's "Local accent" compares the local accent to stamps, boat tickets, graves and straits, expressing the strong feelings of tens of millions of Taiwan compatriots who miss the mainland and yearn for the reunification of the motherland.

The language of poetry is like an invisible hand, which makes the strings of poetry make beautiful and moving sounds and become the key to open people's hearts.

Fifth, hazy beauty is the artistic coat of poetry.

In poetry, the poet's emotional expression is not directly appealed, but indirectly implied through poetic images, which is the hazy beauty of poetry. The greatest feature of poetry is to show rich connotations through concise language, but it is always thought-provoking, just like the veil on the face of a Russian girl. Bian's Broken Chapter: "You stand on the bridge and watch the scenery, and the people watching the scenery are watching you upstairs. The bright moon decorated your window, and you decorated other people's dreams. " When I finished reading this poem, I was puzzled. I didn't know what the author wanted to express, whether it was to convey the meaning of love or to explain the philosophy of the connection between things. The poet didn't explain his intention, but let us imagine and interpret it freely. When we read a novel, we don't simply pursue its story, but dig out the contents and ideas contained in the story. It is the same for us to read a poem. We should try our best to figure out the author's psychology and expose the contents contained in the poem. Haizi's Facing the Sea and Blooming in Spring expresses the author's pursuit of Tao Yuanming's Xanadu life. The French poet Malamei said that a poem can only say seven points, and the readers can understand the remaining three points themselves.

Sixth, the beauty of artistic conception is the realm of poetic art.

The so-called artistic conception refers to the artistic realm formed by the combination of the author's subjective feelings (meaning) and the object (environment) of objective life. The artistic beauty of poetry lies in the author's clever combination of meaning and context, which is seamless, natural and harmonious. A meaningful poem is like a dead world, only meaning is meaningless, just an empty slogan. Ma Zhiyuan's "Tianjingsha" "Dead vines and old trees faint crows, small bridges and flowing water. The thin horse in the west wind, withered vines, old trees, faint crows, small bridges, flowing water and people in the end of the world constitute a lonely and desolate picture of the bleak autumn leaves, which is in harmony with the artistic conception with the feelings of heartbroken people in different places. The beauty of a poem's artistic conception, with a little affection for cause and effect, or a little affection for scenery, aroused the poet's heart, and the poet felt the scenery with his heart, thus producing poetry.

Poetry is not only a literary genre, but also a spiritual food. When we read poetry, we can not only understand what the poem reflects, but also feel the author's inner world. When we read a poem, we can also appreciate its artistic features.