How to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease

How to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease?

First, it is necessary to report the epidemic situation well, find patients in time, and actively take preventive measures to prevent the spread of the disease.

The second is to find suspected patients and send them to regular hospitals for isolation treatment in time. Third, the contaminated daily necessities and tableware should be disinfected. Children's feces and other excreta can be soaked in 3% bleaching powder clarification solution, clothes are exposed to the sun, and the room should be ventilated.

Fourth, when hand, foot and mouth disease is prevalent, we should do a good job in environmental hygiene, food hygiene and personal hygiene. Wash your hands before and after meals to prevent diseases from entering your mouth.

Fifth, parents should let their children go to crowded public places as little as possible to reduce the chance of being polluted. Also pay attention to the nutrition and rest of infants and young children, avoid sun exposure, prevent excessive fatigue and reduce physical resistance.

Sixth, Chinese herbal medicines have the function of clearing away heat and toxic materials, such as Radix Isatidis, Folium Isatidis, Flos Lonicerae and Rhizoma Osmundae. It has a certain effect and can be decocted in water. During the treatment, if there are no complications, the prognosis of the disease is generally good, and it usually recovers within one week.

The principle of treatment is mainly symptomatic treatment. Vitamins B and C, traditional Chinese medicine for clearing away heat and toxic materials or antiviral drugs can be taken, and patients with complications can be injected with gamma protein intramuscularly. During the illness, it is necessary to strengthen the care of children, do a good job in oral hygiene, rinse your mouth with normal saline or warm water before and after eating, and the food should be liquid and semi-liquid food.

Because hand, foot and mouth disease is easy to be complicated with myocarditis, encephalitis, meningitis, flaccid paralysis and other diseases, parents of children should take their children to local medical institutions for treatment and review in time. How to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease?

How to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease

Clinical symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease ● Acute onset, fever, maculopapules and herpes on palms or soles, rash around knees, buttocks and anus ● Inflammatory blush around the rash, with little liquid in blisters; Oral mucosa is scattered with herpes, and the pain is obvious ● Some children may be accompanied by symptoms such as cough, runny nose, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and headache. Some cases may be accompanied by serious complications, such as encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, heart failure, pulmonary edema and pulmonary hemorrhage.

Most children have persistent high fever, with nervous system manifestations such as poor spirit, irritability, weakness of limbs and convulsions, and their condition develops rapidly. Severe cases often have serious complications of central nervous system, respiratory system and circulatory system within 3-7 days after onset, and may lead to death. (Southern Metropolis Daily/Reporter Xin Chen) What is hand, foot and mouth disease? Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease caused by various enteroviruses, which mostly occurs in children under 5 years old, especially infants under 3 years old.

There is no obvious regionality. It can occur all year round, especially from April to September, and it is less in winter.

The main characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease Most cases have mild symptoms, mainly manifested as fever, rash or herpes on hands, feet and mouth, and most patients can heal themselves. ● A few cases may have serious diseases such as meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis and pneumonia.

● Individual critically ill children make rapid progress and are prone to death. ● Most children and adults will not get sick after infection, but they can spread the virus.

Enterovirus causing hand, foot and mouth disease ● Enterovirus 7 1 (EV7 1) ● Coxsackie virus ● Virus Group A ● Some serotypes of echovirus (among which EV7 1 infection causes a large proportion of severe cases) The mode of transmission of hand, foot and mouth disease is an important mode of transmission for children. Infected by viruses through contact with hands and towels, viruses in children's throat secretions and saliva can also spread through the air (droplets); Drink water or eat, etc. Be contaminated by virus; Cross-infection in outpatient department and lax disinfection of oral instruments will cause transmission. (Southern Metropolis Daily/Reporter Xin Chen) How to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease in children? Good hygiene habits such as "washing hands frequently, drinking boiled water, eating cooked food, ventilating frequently and drying clothes and quilts" can effectively avoid infection.

The main protective measures are: 1, washing hands with clean water before and after meals to prevent diseases from entering the mouth; 2, indoor ventilation should be diligent, do a good job in family environmental hygiene, food hygiene and personal hygiene, and children's clothes should be dried frequently; 3. Breast-feeding mothers should take a bath and change clothes frequently, and clean their nipples before feeding; 4. Try to let children go to crowded public places as little as possible, pay attention to the nutrition and rest of infants and young children, and prevent excessive fatigue; 5, kindergartens, primary schools and other children gathering units should be daily morning check-up, found that suspected patients see a doctor in time, and report to the competent authorities. (Southern Metropolis Daily/Reporter Xin Chen) Hand-foot-mouth disease 10 disinfection method According to Xinhua News Agency's Technical Plan for Prevention and Control of Hand-foot-mouth disease in Henan Province (for Trial Implementation), the commonly used 10 disinfection methods for preventing hand-foot-mouth disease were introduced.

Mosquitoes and flies: 5% Fendana, 2.5% Deltamethrin or other pesticides can be used according to the instructions. Drinking water: use 1mg-3mg chlorine-containing disinfectants, such as bleaching powder and Youchlorine, for 30min per liter.

Garbage: spray with chlorine-containing disinfectant solution per liter 1000 mg 120 minutes. Household appliances, books, toys and vehicles: wipe and disinfect with effective chlorine disinfectant for 30 minutes, or use 0.3% peracetic acid for 60 minutes, or directly irradiate with ultraviolet lamp for 30 minutes.

Tableware and drinking utensils: use 250 mg of chlorine-containing disinfectant solution per liter for 30 minutes. Domestic sewage: use chlorine-containing disinfectant of 50 mg per liter of available chlorine 120 minutes.

Human and animal excrement: quicklime can be evenly mixed with it according to the ratio of 1: 1 for disinfection. Container for excreta: use 500 mg chlorine-containing disinfectant per liter of available chlorine, 120 minutes.

Patient's clothes and sheets: boil for 20 minutes or disinfect with 500 mg chlorine-containing disinfectant per liter for 30 minutes. Toilets or other contaminated floors and walls: disinfect with 500 mg chlorine-containing disinfectant per liter.

The dosage is 200ml per square meter. Dry toilets can also be covered with quicklime.

How to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease?

Hand, foot and mouth disease prevention knowledge 1. What is hand, foot and mouth disease? What is the performance after getting sick? Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease, mainly in infants, which can be caused by a variety of enteroviruses, among which EV7 1 virus is one.

Generally, it occurs all year round, and the high incidence period is May-July. The symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease are generally mild. Most patients often have fever symptoms first, maculopapules and herpes (redness around the rash) on the palms and soles, herpes and/or ulcers on the oral mucosa, and the pain is obvious.

Some patients may be accompanied by cough, runny nose, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, headache and other symptoms. A few patients are seriously ill and may be complicated with encephalitis, meningitis, myocarditis and pneumonia. If not treated in time, it may endanger life.

2. How is hand, foot and mouth disease spread? Is there a vaccine? Hand, foot and mouth disease spreads through many ways, mainly through close contact with patients' feces, herpes fluid and respiratory secretions (such as sneezing droplets). ) and contaminated hands, towels, handkerchiefs, tooth cups, toys, tableware, bottles and bedding. There is no vaccine for hand, foot and mouth disease at present, but it can be completely prevented and treated as long as it is found and treated early.

3. Who is prone to hand, foot and mouth disease? Infants and young children are more common, and infants and young children aged 3 and below are more likely to get sick. Because the adult's immune system is relatively perfect, once infected, adults generally do not get sick and have no symptoms.

However, the virus will spread after infection, so adults also need to be well protected to avoid infecting children. 4. Is hand, foot and mouth disease a new infectious disease? Hand, foot and mouth disease is not a new infectious disease, but a global infectious disease. It was first identified and named in 1957, and cases occur every year all over the world.

Hand-foot-mouth disease was discovered in China by 198 1, and people get sick every year. 5. Can hand, foot and mouth disease be cured? If you get hand, foot and mouth disease, in most cases, you can heal yourself in 7- 10 days, leaving no sequelae and no scars on your skin.

According to the past incidence and cure, only a few critically ill patients may have meningitis, pneumonia and so on. As long as you actively cooperate with doctors, most of them can be cured. 6. What should I do if my child has suspicious symptoms? If the child has symptoms such as fever and rash, he should go to a medical institution in time and observe closely.

Don't go to kindergartens and public places where people gather, and avoid contact and play with other children. Such as sudden high fever or unconsciousness, lethargy, muscle or body twitching, dyspnea, etc. The child should be taken to the hospital at once.

7. How can ordinary families prevent it? The key to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease is to pay attention to the hygiene of family and surrounding environment and personal hygiene. Wash your hands with soap or hand sanitizer before and after meals and going out; Do not drink raw water or eat cold food; The room should be ventilated frequently; Often dry clothes and quilts.

During the epidemic, children should not be taken to public places with dense crowds and poor air circulation, and contact with sick children should be avoided. During the epidemic, you can check your child's skin (mainly palms and soles) and mouth for abnormalities every morning, and pay attention to the changes of your child's body temperature.

8. If a child is infected at home, what should I pay special attention to? Pay attention to keep sick children away from other children; Children's saliva, phlegm and other secretions should be wrapped in toilet paper and thrown into the trash can. Children's feces should be collected, disinfected and thrown into the toilet. Don't throw it away at will, the bedpan should be disinfected. Nurses should wash their hands before touching children, after changing diapers or after handling children's feces; Clothes, toys, tableware, pillows and bedding of sick children should be kept clean, and children's daily utensils should be disinfected; Always open the window for ventilation. If a child in kindergarten is ill, tell the teacher as soon as possible, and don't rush to let the child go to kindergarten. They should go a week after all the symptoms disappear to prevent other children from being infected.

Generally, the symptoms are mild without hospitalization, so family treatment and rest can be used to reduce cross-infection. 9. How to disinfect daily necessities? If there are no children with hand, foot and mouth disease at home, you can use ordinary family methods to prevent it without disinfectant.

If the children at home have hand, foot and mouth disease, they can be disinfected by the following methods: pacifiers, bottles, tableware, towels and other items are soaked in hot water of more than 50 degrees for 30 minutes or boiled for 3 minutes; Contaminated toys, tables and chairs, clothes, etc. Clean with chlorine-containing disinfectant (84 disinfectant or bleaching powder) according to the instructions every day; Children's sputum, saliva and feces, wiping paper, etc. It's best to pour an appropriate amount of disinfectant, stir and disinfect it before throwing it into the toilet. 10. Why are so many people infected with hand, foot and mouth disease reported recently? According to the monitoring of the health department, experts compared the number of cases of hand, foot and mouth disease reported at present with the number of cases in previous years, and thought that the epidemic came earlier this year, but it was still sporadic.

Since May 2 last year, the Ministry of Health has included hand, foot and mouth disease in the management of Class C legal infectious diseases, requiring medical and health institutions at all levels to report cases through the network direct reporting system in time. Because there was no need to report in the past, and some patients did not seek medical treatment because of mild symptoms, some cases were not found or reported in the past.

It is reasonable to increase the number of reports after the reports are required according to law. Because hand, foot and mouth disease is a common and frequently-occurring disease, it is possible to have a wide range of diseases.

The health department reminds all parts of the country, especially in areas with few or few cases in previous years, to strengthen prevention and monitoring and do a good job in epidemic prevention and control.