Who can tell me the most basic common sense about DV? Please explain the terminology in detail, thank you!

1. What is V8?

A: It may be that SONY's advertising was too big. For a while, many people referred to all cameras as V8. The large professional cameras of TV stations were called big V8, the home cameras were called V8, and the handheld cameras were called small V8. In fact, strictly speaking, it cannot be collectively referred to as such. The so-called V8 is because the video tape he uses has a bandwidth of 8mm, and it records images and sounds. The full name is Video8, or V8 for short. Horizontal resolution is 270 lines.

2. What is Hi8?

A: Hi8 and V8 both use 8mm bandwidth video tapes, but the horizontal resolution is 400 lines.

3. What is D8?

A: D8 is a new generation model of SONY. Like Hi8 V8, it uses 8mm bandwidth video tape, but it uses digital signals to record video and audio, and the recording time is shortened to half of the original tape length. Full name Digital 8 is referred to as D8. Horizontal resolution is 500 lines.

4.What is VHS/VHS-C?

A: The so-called VHS is commonly known as "big tape", which uses 12mm bandwidth video tape. VHS-C is a reduced tape of VHS. The length is only 30 minutes and 40 minutes. However, the EP slow-speed recording can be up to 90 minutes and 120 minutes. You can use a converter box to turn VHS-C into a VHS standard tape, which can be used in general The VHS recorder can play it. Because it is a 12mm bandwidth video tape, some people also call it V12.

5. What is S-VHS/S-VHS-C?

A: S-VHS/S-VHS-C and VHS/VHS-C are both video tapes using 12mm bandwidth, but the horizontal resolution is 400 strips.

6. What is DV?

A: DV is a new generation of digital video tape specifications, smaller in size and longer in duration. It uses a 6.35mm bandwidth video tape to record video and audio with digital signals. The recording time is 60 minutes. There is an LP mode that can extend the shooting time to 1.5 times the tape length. The full name is Digital Video or DV. There are currently two specifications of DV tapes on the market, one is a standard DV tape, and the other is a reduced miniDV tape. Video tapes commonly used in home cameras are all such reduced miniDV tapes.

In addition, there are also professional-grade DVCAM and DVCPRO video tapes with a bandwidth of 6.35mm. They are video tape specifications dedicated to professional digital cameras of SONY and Panasonic respectively.

7. What are camera CCD pixels?

A: The so-called CCD is simply the window to the soul of the camera. The CCD itself looks like an IC chip. There are many photosensitive micro-elements above the chip. The number of photosensitive elements directly affects the camera. The quality of the image depends on the quality of the image, and the photosensitive element on it is called a "pixel". Generally speaking, V8 VHS-C has about 270,000 pixels, Hi8 S-VHS-C has about 410,000 pixels, and DV models range from 410,000 to 680,000 pixels.

8. What are Optical Zoom and Digital Zoom?

A: I remember that the maximum telescopic magnification factor of early cameras was only 6 times. Today, the telescopic magnification factor is astonishingly large. There are many machines with two to three hundred times, but the mystery hidden in them is "Optical" and "digital" hit the mark. The so-called optical magnification is the real magnification of the camera, because its magnification is achieved by moving the optical lens, so optical Zoom has the most beautiful image quality. Currently, the maximum optical magnification of the camera is about 20 times, but most models have Between 10 and 18 times. Digital Zoom is the result of partially enlarging the captured video. Just imagine if you enlarge a 3x5 photo 50 times, the image quality of the partial picture will definitely become rough, and the larger it is, the rougher it will be.

For the same camera, the larger the digital Zoom multiple, the worse the image quality. Many people often consider the magnification of the camera as one of the important considerations when purchasing a camera. In fact, the magnification is not the most important. A camera with 10x optical power is already about the same magnification as a 400mm telephoto lens. , so blindly pursuing multiples is unrealistic. To the author, digital multiples are nothing more than a gimmick from manufacturers.

9. What is the anti-shock function (Steady Shot)?

A: "Shockproof"! ! This does not mean that the machine is not afraid of falling, but it can increase the stability of the video when shooting handheld. At present, shockproofing can be divided into two systems, one is optical shockproofing and the other is digital shockproofing. Optical anti-shock uses the principle of lens floating to produce a stable effect. The image quality is quite good, almost the same as the original image quality without anti-shock, but the effect of anti-shock is not obvious. In addition, digital anti-shock enlarges the video, taking the image in the middle as the main image, and the remaining surrounding images are the movement space when anti-shock occurs. Because the image is enlarged, the image quality deteriorates, but the anti-shock effect is better.

10. What is 3CCD?

A: A general camera has only one CCD, while 3CCD has 3 CCD chips, and the three primary colors of R, G, and B (red, green, and blue) are processed by 3 chips respectively, so it The color saturation and resolution will be much higher than those of ordinary single CCD cameras. If you have paid attention to business-level cameras, you will find that they are all 3CCD models.

11. There are so many types of cameras on the market, which one is most suitable for me?

A: When purchasing a camera, it is indeed a brain-breaking problem. Many consumers are often led by the store when purchasing. You will buy whichever one the store recommends. In this way It's too unassertive, and it's not what you want because it's easy to buy. I think the store's opinions can be taken into consideration, but your own needs are the most important, because the user is you after all. Basically, there are several directions for purchasing a camera. Once you know the direction, it is not difficult to choose the one that suits you.

1. Understand your own budget: Usually when buying a camera, you rarely just buy a camera. You usually buy extra batteries, backpacks, video tapes, etc. So you can’t just have a budget for the camera, you also need to have a budget for purchasing accessories. In addition to the camera, you usually need a budget of $3,000 to $10,000 to purchase accessories. The price will vary depending on the camera model and individual.

2. Understand the functions and levels you need: Buying a camera is not just about blindly pursuing "newness" and "super functions", but practicality is the real purpose. Chinese people have a mentality of "seeking newness in everything". If you want to buy, buy the best. This is a very bad habit. Many people only know how to buy things and then don’t use them. This is a pity. For example, when buying a mobile phone, you should buy the one with the most powerful functions, but in actual use it is only used for receiving and making calls. It is really a pity. The same goes for cameras. Understand the functions you need and the level you can accept, so that the camera you choose is the best choice.

3. Brand preference: On the surface, this problem does not seem to be too big, but it does affect the user's mood. If you buy a camera with a favorite brand, you can use it no matter how you choose it. If you don't get it right, you'll never have enough problems. So buying a camera you like is also the first choice.

12. Three uses for buying DV

How to choose a model that suits you is the first question many friends will ask. In fact, this question can be determined from the motivation and motivation of purchasing. Starting from the purpose, it can be roughly divided into three categories: Home User, Travel User and Power User.

1. Home User:

A larger LCD screen should be more needed by this type of user, because the LCD screen can make it easier for beginners to get started, and a single In terms of LCD screens, the current DV digital cameras of various brands are approximately 2.5 to 4.5 in size.

In theory, the larger the LCD screen, the better it is to use, but the relative price will be higher.

2. Travel User:

The biggest fear when traveling abroad or on field trips is probably having to carry a bunch of equipment, so if it is mainly used for traveling, the size will Small size, light weight and low power consumption are the key points when purchasing. If you want to reduce power consumption, it would be more energy-saving to abandon the method of shooting with the LCD screen and switch to using the viewfinder to shoot. Especially when shooting outdoors, the LCD screen is easily affected by strong light and becomes If it is impossible to watch, then it would be a better choice to use a viewing window to take the view.

3. Power User:

Players certainly have their ideal DV digital camera. The author here only puts forward a few points that players should consider when choosing a DV. focus. The first condition is the manual adjustment function, because many special pictures require manual adjustment to achieve different effects, which are often impossible for DVs with automatic adjustment. Furthermore, quality is important. For DV currently on the market, DV digital cameras with 3CCD are most suitable. Generally, household-level DV digital cameras use a CCD. However, from a digital perspective, a ray of light Come in, digitally divide it into the three primary colors of RGB, and then store the colors in different proportions. Although one CCD is enough to store the image, if three CCDs are used to process the three primary colors of RGB at the same time, the resulting image will be more For vividness and layering, professional-grade DV digital cameras have gradually adopted the 3CCD mode. CCDs are divided into sizes and pixels, including 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4, and the pixels range from 270,000 to 670,000. The smaller the size, the higher the number of pixels required, because the CCD has a small light-gathering point. If the pixel density is not enough, the resolution will be poor. For example, the 1/4 CCD pixels are 570,000, and the effective pixels are only 320,000. The 1/3 CCD pixels are 410,000 and the effective pixels are 330,000.

DV common terms:

AF: Auto Focus

All current home video cameras have this function, which uses infrared The distance measurement method is used to complete the focusing action. A set of infrared emitters are installed below the lens. When the lens is pointed at the target, the infrared rays also sense the distance to the target and drive the focusing mechanism to focus.

***Notes**

# Use the subject in the center of the screen as the focus point.

# Avoid moving objects in front of the subject from affecting infrared ranging

# If unavoidable, please switch to manual focus.

# When shooting in front of a glass window, please stick close to the glass. If the situation does not allow, please use manual focus instead

AE: Auto Expose automatic exposure effect

With the built-in automatic aperture control program, the camera itself automatically adjusts the aperture size required for shooting under different lighting conditions. The photographer only needs to aim at the target and shoot.

#Generally, it can be switched automatically and manually. It can be switched to manual adjustment in automatic mode under front light and backlight.

AGC: Auto gain contraol Automatic brightness gain

When the body senses insufficient light during fully automatic shooting, this device is activated to electronically increase the brightness of the picture.

#Built-in type does not need to be switched.

AWB (Auto White Balance)

The white balance of the camera is mainly based on the CCD color correction under different light sources, and is generally set to the automatic position. Some models can also be manually adjusted for sunlight, sunset, cloudy days, and light bulbs.

# It is recommended to set it to fully automatic in normal times. If it feels yellowish when shooting indoors, you can switch to the bulb position.

CCD (Charged Coupled Device) Photocharged Semiconductor

It is the soul of the camera. The lens condenses the light and shoots it to the mirror. After RGB color separation, the three primary colors are converted by the CCD. into an electronic signal, which is transmitted to the magnetic head after frequency conversion.

CCDs are divided into sizes and pixels, including 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4 inches, with pixels ranging from 270,000 to 670,000.

#The smaller the size, the higher the pixels required, because the CCD has a small focusing point. If the pixel density is not enough, the resolution will be poor. For example, the 1/4-inch CCD has 570,000 pixels and only has 320,000 effective pixels. The 1/3-inch CCD has 410,000 pixels and 330,000 effective pixels.

Program AE automatic program exposure

When using the built-in automatic shooting program, you only need to switch to the function that is in the same situation as the shooting time, and the camera itself will be designed to respond best to different situations. The optimal shooting mode automatically adjusts the shutter speed and aperture to match. The photographer only needs to aim at the target and shoot.

Generally, there are *Sports mode*Portrait mode*Night scene mode*Stage mode*, etc. The designs of each factory are different.

Photo function: (Photo)

It is the digital still picture function commonly available on DV.

Clip photography:

Generally, this setting is used to capture still objects or photos. A clip is about five seconds, that is, the recording will automatically pause five seconds after pressing the video button.

Selfie function:

Similar to the fifteen-second delay shooting of a normal camera.

Date and time display:

If you want to add date or time when shooting, just press this function

Focus adjustment:

When you want to focus manually, press this function to release the autofocus.

Hand Shake Compensation:

To reduce the image vibration caused by hand-held cameras, it is usually compensated electronically, so some image quality will be sacrificed. Please be sure to use a tripod when shooting. Disable this feature.

Brightness compensation:

When the automatic aperture adjustment is not ideal, use this function to adjust the brightness manually.

White balance:

It is also expressed in color temperature, please refer to the AWB items listed above.

Digital Zoom: (digital Zoom)

Most cameras currently have this function, usually with two-stage settings such as: 20x or 100x. You can only choose one when using it.

Image playback special effects:

Some DVs have built-in image special effects such as: oil painting, negative film, mosaic, frame play...etc. It makes the picture more lively and interesting. Remember not to abuse it to avoid adding unnecessary fuss.

Screen transition effects:

Screen transition effects between segments, such as: window opening, up and down replacement, blending in, etc.

1. Hold the camera steadily

It is best to hold the camera with two hands. It is definitely more stable than holding it with one hand. You can also use support items around you or prepare a camera tripod. , no matter what, try to reduce the shake of the picture. The most taboo method is to take pictures while walking. This is also the mistake most people make. This shooting method is only used under special circumstances, rather than just walking and shooting. Always remember that image stability is the first requirement for dynamic photography.

2. Fixed lens

To put it simply, after the lens is aligned with the target, it is shot at a fixed point without zooming in or out or scanning up, down, left, and right. , set the screen size and start recording.

When shooting, I mainly use a fixed lens. There is no need to do too many zoom movements to avoid affecting the stability of the picture. The change of the picture is to use the difference in the size of the view or the angle and position to change the size and depth of the scene. It is simple. In other words, when shooting a panorama, the camera stands a little behind. When you want to shoot a certain part of it, the camera stands a little forward. The position changes such as side, high, low and other different positions, and the effect is the same. Different, the picture will be richer. If you can't get close due to venue factors, of course you can also use a zoom lens to adjust the picture to the size you want. But remember not to stand at a fixed point and use the zoom lens to zoom in and out to shoot continuously. This is also a mistake that many V8 owners often make. When shooting, use a fixed lens more often to increase the stability of the picture. Shoot one picture at a time and connect the pictures of different sizes. Use less zoom to make the picture look bigger and smaller. Unless you use a tripod to fix it, otherwise long-distance shooting will be difficult. Pushing in and out will definitely cause the screen to shake. If you can master the above principles, it is guaranteed that your work will be more watchable, instead of having to suffer from "puna pain" after watching the movie◎△#. According to the above statement, isn't the zoom lens useless when shooting? This is not the case, it just depends on whether the technique and timing are appropriate. (Please refer to how to use the zoom lens).

3. Use of manual functions

Due to the different designs of each model, the manual items and methods are also different. Here are only Explain the commonly used techniques for brightness and focal length.

Manual brightness adjustment function

First of all, let’s explain the manual brightness adjustment function. When shooting backlighting and night scenes, if you shoot in fully automatic mode, the former must be that the subject or character is completely dark and the background is bright. , the latter means that the light is blurry in the dark. We will not discuss the principle here. To solve the above problems, the best way is to press the backlight correction function key when there is backlight. If there is no such function, then switch the fully automatic mode to manual. Mode, find the brightness adjustment button to adjust the brightness of the picture. Brighten the brightness during backlighting, and dim it during night scenes. Generally, the data will be displayed in numbers or graphics on the viewfinder or LCD screen. Of course, the best The method is to directly look at the viewfinder or the picture on the LCD screen to adjust to the appropriate brightness. So when you buy a video camera, be sure to ask the store to guide you on how to use this function.

Manual focus adjustment function

In normal shooting situations, automatic focus is mostly used, but in special circumstances, such as: there is a person moving between the target through barbed wire or glass. ...wait. Often the focus of the picture will be clear and blurred at one time or another. This is because during autofocus, the camera determines the distance based on the signal reflected from the object in front and then adjusts the focus. This is why the above situation occurs. So just switch the autofocus to manual and lock the focus. In a fixed position (because the display and adjustment methods of each manufacturer are different, please refer to the manual), so that the focal length will not wander around.

4. How to use the zoom lens:

Videos and cameras also have zoom lenses, but the biggest difference is that the camera can zoom while shooting. Of course It can also be used as a frame-size viewing tool like a static camera. For example, if you want to shoot a target in the distance, you can use the zoom lens to zoom in to capture the scene you want. When the zoom lens reaches the size you want, press the record button to capture the scene you want. Just like the way you shoot with a fixed lens. So when is the right time to use the zoom action while shooting? When you want to express the position of an object or person, for example: close up a candlelight for about 3 seconds, then slowly zoom out, and the picture gradually appears It turned out to be a cake filled with candles. This action makes the picture more lively and interesting. There is no need for narration or explanation. You can tell from the changes in the picture what the photographer wants to express and what it means. This is the so-called "lens language".

If, on the other hand, you shoot with a zoomed-in zoom, it is intended to illustrate a specific target or person. For example: the picture starts with a panoramic view of a group of children performing a dance. After a few seconds, the picture gradually zooms in to a half-length view of one of the children, and then the camera Follow him. This shooting method is like telling you that this child is my son, and it is intended to guide the viewer as to what you are shooting. The above two commonly used shooting methods have their own meanings, and when used appropriately, they have the finishing touch. On the contrary, it is incomprehensible and aimless, like a headless fly, with the camera flying everywhere. Abusing the zoom lens and repeatedly shooting the picture from near to far away is a common taboo that many V8 users currently commit. Remember to zoom in or zoom out when shooting. Pause after each shot, and change to another angle or picture before shooting again. Start shooting. Try changing the way you shoot from now on, enjoy the fun of shooting, and appreciate the results.

5. Techniques for dynamic camera shooting

I believe that you will often encounter a scene where you cannot capture the panoramic view of the scene. At this time, you must move the camera from right to left or Sweeping from left to right is also one of the advantages of the camera. However, when many people do this action, the picture often shakes around or goes fast and slow. In short, it looks very unsmooth. These problems mainly occur when the body rotates in the wrong way, or the angle of rotation is too large, or when the body is hesitant and not done in one go.

The more correct approach is to use the waist as the dividing point to keep the lower body still and the upper body moving. Just like when you are about to cross the road, look left and right to see if there is an oncoming car. Only when your head is turned left and right and your shoulders are not moving. For example: the scene you want to shoot needs to be scanned from point A to point B. First, face the body to point B and then keep the lower body still. Then turn the upper body to face point A. At this time, the camera is facing the direction of point A. Then press Press the video button to record for 5 seconds without moving, then slowly scan back to point B. When the position is reached, continue recording for 5 seconds without moving and then turn off the camera.

Many people will ask, how fast should the scanning process be? In fact, there are no certain guidelines. It depends on the richness of the scenery within the range you want to scan, for example: If it is a static scene, the speed can be slightly faster, but the principle must be to see the content clearly. If the viewing content is a dynamic object and the content is quite rich, the speed can be slightly slower so that the content can be clearly seen. These methods are provided above as a reference when shooting. The most important thing is actual practice and experience.

(Decide what you want to shoot before you start shooting, rather than driving the camera around to find the target.)