Pastoral Poems by Song Chengda, Tao Yuanming, Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Chen Ziang

Fan Chengda: (It should not be as big as Song Chengda. It is estimated that the landlord condensed Fan Chengda in Song Dynasty into one word).

Four seasons pastoral miscellaneous interest

Tilling during the day, numb at night,

The children in the village are responsible for their own affairs.

Children and grandchildren have not been liberated to engage in farming and textile,

And (bang) learn to plant melons in the shade of mulberry trees.

Four seasons pastoral miscellaneous interest

Plums are golden, apricots are fat,

The wheat is gray and the cauliflower is thin.

No one crossed the long fence,

Only dragonflies and butterflies can fly

In his later years, he wrote 60 pieces of "Four Seasons Pastoral Fun", describing rural scenery, local customs and farmers' life. The style is fresh and lively, beautiful and smooth, full of charm, with the characteristics of folk songs, and it is a master of ancient pastoral poetry. This kind of poem had a great influence in the late Southern Song Dynasty. His prose was also famous at that time. Ci is close to Qin Guan, and his later works are close to Su Shi. Fan Chengda's works had a significant influence in the late Southern Song Dynasty, especially in the early Qing Dynasty. At that time, there was a saying that "the sword is in the south and the lake is in the lake". For example, one of the songs "Summer" said: "You go out during the day and perform well at night, and the children in the village take care of each other. Children and grandchildren are not prepared to farm and weave, but also learn to grow melons in mulberry shade. " Writing about the hardships of a peasant family is cordial and simple, with a strong local flavor.

Tao Yuanming

Five poems by Gui Yuantian Ju

one

Few people do as the Romans do. Their nature is to love nature.

Fall into the dust net by mistake, thirteen years.

Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past.

I want to open up wasteland in Minamino and keep my humility to the fields.

The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages.

Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital.

The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village.

Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster.

There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely.

Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.

Secondly,

There are few chariots and horses in the secluded places when the countryside makes friends with the secular world.

This day is still Chai Men closed, and the pure mind blocks the vulgar thoughts.

When complex market music, grass * * *.

When we meet, we don't talk about worldly affairs, only that the garden is long in Sang Ma.

My field is growing higher and higher, and my cultivated land is expanding day by day.

Often worried about sudden frost, crops wither like shrubs.

third

I planted beans at the foot of Nanshan, and the weeds in the field were covered with peas.

Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night.

The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes.

It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will.

Fourth.

Long-term tourism mountain ze, wild forest entertainment.

Try to take your son and nephew and put them in the wild market.

Yiyi wandered between mountains and dragons, living in the past.

There are remnants in the well, and the mulberry and bamboo rot.

Excuse me, what is this person like?

The wage earners told me that "there is no rest after death".

"A lifetime in a foreign land" is really true!

Life seems illusory, and eventually it will be empty.

Fifth.

Alone in a sense of loss, I returned to my hometown with a staff member. The road was bumpy and in shock.

The mountain stream is shallow and meets my feet.

I'm drinking my newly cooked wine, and two chickens attract the latest game.

When the sun sets, the candle is lit instead.

The height is high and the height is short, and the east is getting white.

Tao Yuanming has the largest number of pastoral poems and the highest achievements. This kind of poetry fully shows the poet's lofty interest in disdaining fame and fortune and his noble integrity in keeping his ambition; It fully shows the poet's extreme hatred and complete break with the dark officialdom; It fully shows the poet's love for simple pastoral life, his understanding of labor and his friendly feelings for working people. It fully shows the poet's pursuit and yearning for the ideal world. As a scholar-bureaucrat, such thoughts, feelings and contents are unprecedented in the history of literature, especially in a society with strict gate system and concept. Some of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems also reflect his predicament in his later years, which can help us indirectly understand the miserable life of the peasant class at that time. Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden was written in the early Song Dynasty. It depicts a utopian ideal society. It shows the poet's complete denial of the existing social system and infinite admiration for the ideal world. It marks that Tao Yuanming's thought has reached a new height. Tao Yuanming is the pioneer of pastoral poetry. With its simple and natural language and lofty artistic conception, it opened up a new world for China's poetry circle and directly influenced the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty. In his pastoral poems, his boredom with dirty reality and his love for quiet pastoral life can be seen everywhere. In Returning to the Garden, he described officialdom as a "dust net", compared being in it to "catching birds" and "pond fish", and compared retiring from the countryside to rushing out of the cage and returning to nature. Because of his actual labor experience, his poems are full of the joy of laborers, showing the thoughts and feelings that only laborers can feel. For example, the third poem "Returning to the Garden" is a powerful proof that this is the progress of his pastoral poetry.

Wang Wei

A farmhouse by the Weihe River.

In the countryside where the sun is setting, cattle and sheep go home along the path.

A rugged old man in a thatched door leaned against a cane and thought about his son, the shepherd boy.

There are whistling pheasants? Full ears of wheat, sleeping silkworms and peeled mulberry leaves.

The farmers who came back with hoes greeted each other cordially.

No wonder I long for a simple life and sigh the old song, oh, back to the past! .

After a heavy rain, I was in Wangchuan's cabin.

Rain is stored in the forest, smoke comes slowly, and steamed quinoa is used to cook millet.

An egret flies over the quiet swamp, and mango birds sing in the trees in midsummer.

I learned to watch the morning glory in the mountains calmly and eat sunflower seeds with dew under the pine trees.

Why should I scare seagulls, even if I think about it, by giving the honorary position to any clown? .

Shinharuno (working at night)

The new sunny Yuan Ye is vast. Extremely clean.

The national gate is near the ferry. The village tree is connected with the stream mouth.

After Bifeng came out of the mountain, Baishui surrounded Tian Ming.

There are no idle people on the farm. Pour out family affection.

Most of Wei's pastoral poems depict natural beauty, but at the same time, they reveal a leisurely life interest. Wang Wei's landscape poems, usually in the form of five laws and five sentences, are short in length, delicate in language and soothing in syllables, which are especially suitable for expressing the tranquility of landscapes and the poet's leisurely mood. After middle age, Wang Wei became increasingly depressed and sought sustenance in Buddhism and landscapes. He claimed that "silence is joy, and there is much leisure in this life" ("Fanbu Busan Monk"). This state of mind has been fully reflected in his poetry creation. In the past, many people admired Wang Wei's poems, on the one hand, because of his high artistic skills, on the other hand, because of his leisure and negative thoughts. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Yinglin called Wang Wei's five-line poem "Zen", and said that two poems, Bird-singing Creek and Wu Xinyi, "I forgot my life experience after reading them, and my thoughts were all silent" (poems), which is proof. Legend of Snow Scene is a work about Wang Wei's parting and travel, and there are often some beautiful sentences describing the scenery, such as "Far trees lead, the sunset is red in the distant city" ("Sending money home") and "Half a mountain and half a rain, thousands of valleys come to the Silk Waterfall" ("To Li Shi in Zizhou"). The tides rise and fall on the earth (Farewell to Guizhou) and Lonely Smoke in the Desert.

meng haoran

Volume 159_8 "Return to Hannan Garden in midsummer, send it to Beijing for the old days" Meng Haoran.

After reading the biography of Gao Shi, Tao Zhengjun is the best. I like country life. I call myself the emperor of Xi.

Reply to what? I'm interested. Abandon the ravine in middle age and travel abroad.

Loyalty wants to serve the sage, and filial piety is the old relative. Returning to summer, farming crops is not as good as spring.

Fan pillow under the north window, picking Nanjian shore. Because of the voice of thanks, I admire Yang Yingzhen.

159_ 15 Meng Haoran "I'll stay on the rooftop, leaving master Li in Lin 'an"

Zhi is still alive, but I am not a melon. Thinking about leaving is the first thing in summer, and vagrancy refers to inflammatory people.

Don't lose the river and the sea, but the countryside. The mountain is set early and the fish pond is small.

Generally go with the flow and do whatever you want. Therefore, the forest is far away and the trees sit in a row.

Feather people are in Danqiu, and I am no longer alive.

Volume 159_23 Meng Haoran's "Banquet and Package"

Live in seclusion, have a clear pillow, and meet the left and right sides. There are no miscellaneous guests in the door, but many old people who stick to the rules.

It's midsummer and the scenery is chic. On the fifth day, I went home and carried each other under the bamboo forest.

Open your heart and enjoy yourself, but you can't quit drinking. Smoke is a bird fan, and the rest is returned to the white society.

Volume 159_33 Meng Haoran's boating in the west field

The scenery is clear, bright and radiant. Clarify what is in the water of love. If you are in the pot, what can you do?

Whitehead fisherman, Xinhua makeup artist. Look at each other like acquaintances, but you can't talk.

Meng Shi's poetry is not carving, but thinking, full of wonderful self-satisfaction interest, not frugality and poverty. He is good at exploring the beauty of nature and life, immediately understanding the scene and writing his true feelings at the moment. For example, Qiu Deng Wan Shan sends Zhang Wu, Summer is in the South Pavilion, Guo Zhuang, Night Sleeping in Jiande, Night Song of Deer Gate, etc. , naturally become muddleheaded, but the artistic conception is clear and full of charm. Du Fu said that his poems and sentences in the Qing Dynasty were "perfect" ("Relieve boredom") and praised him for "why bother to write poems, they often give thanks" ("send happiness"). Pi Rixiu said: "Mr. Wang's works are full of praise when it comes to scenery, regardless of the strangeness, which makes those who are polluted and bound the population feel bored. If he loses, he will be lucky and unfortunate. " The beauty of the Northern Qi Dynasty' hibiscus is exposed, and willow is sparse in the middle of the month'; Mr. Wang has Wei Yun Lian Han, Shu Yu Wu Tong. Yuefu Rong' sunshine on the sand, wind and spring turbidity'; The king said, "The fog of clouds and dreams has trapped Yueyang." . Xie Tiao's poem is' dew wet cold pond grass, bright moon reflects clear Huai Liu'; Mr. Wang has "the wind sends lotus fragrance, and the bamboo leaves drip." "This is better than the ancients." His lyrical works, such as "Returning to the South Mountain at the End of the Year", "Feeling on the River at the Beginning of Cold", "Climbing the Wild Mountain with Friends", "Xunyang Looking at Lushan Mountain at Night" and "Talking about Wanshan", etc. Often touched by the ethereal spirit, the brushwork is like nothing, but the meaning is profound and inexhaustible. Yan Yu uses Zen as a metaphor for poetry, which means that Haoran's poem is "wonderful" (Cang Bian). In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Shi Lu introduced Yan's introduction, praised "the theory of verve" and Wang Meng. He used Ran He's poem "Xunyang Looking at Lushan Mountain at Night" as a model and said, "At this point, the poem is empty, and politics is like a gazelle, and there is no trace to be found. The painter called Yipin. " On the basis of inheriting Tao and Xie, the pastoral poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty has made new development and formed a school of poetry. Among his masterpieces, Meng Haoran is the longest. He is the pioneer and has great influence on that time and later generations. His poems are based on broadmindedness, but "there is a strong and free-spirited spirit in broadmindedness" (Tang Yingui cited Pu Yin for money). For example, "Clouds dream up and fog around Yueyang City" ("Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang") is linked with Du Fu's "There is Wu in the east and Chu in the south, and you can see the world drifting endlessly" ("Climbing Yueyang Tower"), which has become a famous sentence describing the wonders of Dongting. In Qing Dynasty, Pan Deyu once pointed out: "Pu Qin has been surprised by Xiangyang's poems, such as' Morning Light in Xu Dong'. Lying down in Pukou to smell the fish, the radial sound is dark, and the sunrise weather is divided, which shows that the rivers and lakes are wide and the boat knows the wind. Hanging seats for the morning hair, in the lake. See the middle stream, and press Jiujiang Bear. "In the morning, the incense burner rises and the waterfall sprays Chen Hong." You are full of energy and look down on everything. You can't just look at it and speak clearly. However, this is rare in Meng's poems and cannot represent the main aspects of his style. Generally speaking, the content of Meng's poems is thin, which makes him trapped by space. Su Shi said that he was "high in rhyme but short in talent, such as making wine by internal method without using materials" (quoted from Chen Shidao's Poems on Houshan), which was quite to the point.

Chen Ziang

Sick house

The world is nameless, and the years on earth are on credit.

The vertical and horizontal strategy has been abandoned, and loneliness is home.

Who can ask if you are ill? Living in luxury.

I still remember my friend in gv 10, whose habitat is really hidden.

Dan returned to the palace, but he was always baited with cloud buds.

It is better to know Ke Bai than to be tired of being green.

The trees in Nanshan home are reflected in summer, and in May, it is cool. Sitting alone, Philip Burkart leads ten rhymes

Lonely and cold alley, you lie alone in the open forest.

Pine and bamboo are blank, and the order is ancient and modern.

It's steamy in summer and gloomy in the building.

The porch window is purple, and the eaves face the sky.

Yun Feng immortal, Luan Song Qin.

Forget the machine and entrust others to do it, but keep an eye on the heavenly heart.

Butterflies pity red medicine, dragonflies love Besson.

Sit back and watch everything change, and you will see a hundred years of invasion.

You bother me, I rest, green and bitter.

I am willing to drive with Baiyun, and the dragon and crane will find each other.

Poetry in the early Tang Dynasty followed the habits of the Six Dynasties and was elegant and exquisite in style. Chen Ziang stepped forward to try to reverse this trend. Chen Ziang's poems, with their progressive and substantial ideological content and simple and vigorous language style, have exerted great influence on the whole Tang poetry. In the famous Preface to the Pearl Show, Chen Ziang once put forward a positive proposition of poetry innovation: Oriental style comes first; the article is flawed, which has been in the Han and Wei dynasties for 500 years, but the literature is worth textual research. In his spare time, the servant tasted the poems between Qi and Liang, full of colorful and complicated poems, but he was absolutely willing to send them. Every time I sigh through the ages, I often fear decadence and elegance when I think about the past. Yesterday, I saw the "Three Lonely Tong Fu", which is full of vigor and vitality, full of sound and emotion, brilliant in practice and golden. Then decorate your vision with your heart and play the melancholy down. I don't want to start the sound, but I will see it again; Can make Jian' an authors smile at each other. ..... In the history of the development of Tang poetry, Chen Ziang's essays are like a declaration, marking the innovation and transformation of the poetic style in the Tang Dynasty. As we know, Liu Xie and Zhong Rong opposed the poetic style of formalism in the Southern Dynasties and once held high the tradition of "comparison" and "character". Wang Bo opposed the style of court poetry before and after The Dragon, and accused them of being "spineless and lifeless". Chen Ziang inherited their thoughts, pointedly pointed out that the poetic style of Qi Liang worshipped by the court poets in the early Tang Dynasty was "colorful but not vulgar", and pointed out that the glorious traditions of "elegance and vulgarity" and "Han Wei style" were pioneer examples of creation, which realized the real innovation of poetry content under the banner of advocating retro. The attitude is very firm, the flag is very clear, and the call is very strong. "Ji Xing" and "Feng Gu" are the primary issues related to the life of poetry. The essence of "good luck" is to require poetry to carry forward the tradition of criticizing reality and has a distinct political tendency. The essence of "style" requires poetry to have noble and rich thoughts and feelings and rich and substantial realistic content. Judging from the situation at that time, only by realizing the real innovation of content can poetry undertake the mission of the times. meanwhile