The famous psychologist Freud

Sigmund freud (1May 6, 856-1September 23, 939) was an Austrian psychiatrist, psychologist and founder of psychoanalysis. 1873 entered the medical school of Vienna university, 188 1 received his doctorate. 1882- 1885, he started private practice to treat mental illness. 1895 formally put forward the concept of psychoanalysis. The publication of The Interpretation of Dreams from 65438 to 0899 is considered as the formal formation of psychoanalytic psychology. 19 19 The establishment of the International Psychoanalytic Society marked the final formation of the psychoanalytic school. 1930 was awarded the Goethe Prize. 1936 became a member of the royal society. 1938 Austria took refuge in Britain after being occupied by Germany and died in London the following year.

Chinese name sigmund freud

Sigmund Freud

Nationality Austria

Nation? Jew

Birthplace? Freiburg, Moravia, Austria-Hungary

Sigmund freud, formerly known as sigmund freud, 1856 was born in a Jewish family in freiberg, Moravia province, Austria-Hungary.

Learn hypnosis? During his study with Shaq in Paris, he changed from a neurologist to a psychopath, and from studying the body to studying psychology. Freud's interest in psychoanalysis began in 1884 when he cooperated with Dr. Josef Breuer, which made Freud learn to treat hysteria with new methods. Later, through study, I think that the role of hypnotherapy is limited, and not all patients can be hypnotized. Finally, Freud gave up hypnosis and turned to free association.

Founding theory

1895, Freud and Bluel wrote A Study of Hysteria with the same research results, which laid a theoretical foundation for the establishment of Freud's psychoanalysis. In the process of studying hysteria, Freud first used the concept of "psychoanalysis" in the history of medicine and psychology. From 65438 to 0897, Freud began his self-analysis. The main method is to analyze your dreams. After two years of self-analysis, he believes that psychological barriers are caused by the accumulation of sexual tension. Wrote a book, The Interpretation of Dreams.

With the publication of The Interpretation of Dreams, the psychoanalytic movement has gradually developed. From 65438 to 0905, he published three important works: Dora's Analysis, Jokes and Their Relationship with Unconsciousness, and three papers on sexuality.

School division When psychoanalysis became more and more influential, the organization of psychoanalysis school began to split because of different academic opinions.

19 13 published Freud's totem and taboo, second only to dream interpretation. Freud claimed to have discovered three truths: dreams are the disguised satisfaction of subconscious desires and childhood desires; Oedipus complex is a universal psychological complex of human beings; Children have sexual awareness and motivation. Freud established the theory of death instinct in 1920, which is the opposite of death desire, life instinct or survival instinct. 1939 On September 23rd, Freud died of oral cancer in London.

Subconscious theory? Freud believed that human psychology includes conscious and unconscious phenomena, and unconscious phenomena can be divided into pre-consciousness and subconscious. Pre-consciousness refers to the experience that can enter consciousness; Subconscious refers to the experience that cannot or is difficult to enter consciousness, including primitive instinctive impulses and desires, especially sexual desire. The relationship between consciousness, pre-consciousness and subconscious is that consciousness is only a part of pre-consciousness, and although there are boundaries between them, they are not insurmountable; Pre-consciousness is located between consciousness and subconscious, and plays the role of "inspector" to prevent subconscious instinctive desire from breaking into consciousness; The subconscious is always active. When the "inspector" relaxes his vigilance, he will wait for an opportunity to enter consciousness through disguise. Moreover, he believes that although the subconscious mind is not perceived by people, it dominates people's lives.

The method of psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis should study the subconscious phenomenon, but because the subconscious itself cannot be directly recognized, it must be studied through some unique methods. These methods include free association, dream analysis and psychoanalysis of daily life.

Free association method? Free association is an association that does not give any ideological restrictions or guidance.

Interpretation of dreams? Freud believed that the essence of dreams is the tortuous expression of subconscious desires and a disguised and symbolic satisfaction of repressed subconscious desires. He divided dreams into "explicit dreams" and "implicit dreams". Showing dreams refers to dreams that people really experience. Hidden dreams refer to the true meaning of dreams.

Psychoanalysis of daily life? Freud believed that the struggle between subconscious and consciousness is ubiquitous in daily life, and sometimes it can be realized in "mistakes" that often appear in daily life, such as slip of the tongue, clerical error, misreading, dislocation, forgetting and misunderstanding.

Instinct theory? In Freud's theoretical system, "instinct" refers to the driving force or motivation of personality and is the source of internal stimulation. Instincts are divided into two categories: the instinct of life and the instinct of death. Instincts of life include hunger, thirst and sex. It is expressed by an energy form called libido. The instinct of death is a destructive force, which can point to the inside, such as self-abuse and suicide, or to the outside, such as hatred and attack.

Personality Theory Freud's psychoanalysis established the first systematic personality theory in the history of psychology, including personality structure and personality development.

In the early stage of personality structure, Freud divided personality into three levels: consciousness, pre-consciousness and subconscious. Later, he further put forward a new personality theory, arguing that personality consists of three parts: ID, ego and superego. I refer to the primitive and innate structure of the subconscious, which contains some instinctive impulses in human nature that are closest to the animal nature. It acts on the principle of happiness. Ego refers to the structural part of consciousness, which acts according to the principle of reality. Superego is the most moral part of personality, and it acts according to the principle of perfection.

Personality development? According to the different stages of sex sensitive zone, an individual's growth can be divided into five stages: oral and labial stage, anal stage, sexual organ stage, incubation period and reproductive stage. The oral period is the second year from birth to birth, and the stimulation of the baby's mouth at this stage is the main source of sexual satisfaction. The anal stage is 1 to 3 years old, and the sensitive area of this stage turns to anus. The stage of sexual organs is from 3 years old to 5 years old. At this stage, genitals become sexually sensitive areas. Sexual satisfaction at this stage includes sexual fantasies about heterosexual parents and playing with and showing genitals. Oedipus complex and Oedipus complex are produced at this stage. The first three stages are important stages of personality development, which lay the foundation for adult personality model. The incubation period is 5 to 12 years old. At this stage, the child's sexual desire is suppressed and there is no obvious performance. The reproductive period is from 12 years old to 20 years old. At this stage, the individual's sexual organs begin to develop and mature, and sexual desire depression is gradually lifted. Reproductive period becomes the dominant sensitive area, and other sexually sensitive areas become the auxiliary sensitive areas.

Anxiety and psychological defense mechanism

Anxiety theory Freud believed that anxiety is a warning when one feels threatened. He believes that anxiety may make individuals inappropriately use defense mechanisms, which may lead to mental illness. Development is divided into two stages: one is the initial anxiety stage, and the other is the later anxiety stage. Primitive anxiety is mainly birth trauma, which is the basis of subsequent anxiety. Freud divided anxiety into three types: objective anxiety, nervous anxiety and moral anxiety. Objectivity anxiety refers to the fear of individuals when they encounter practical dangers in the real world. Nervousness and anxiety are caused by fear of being punished for expressing instinctive desires. Moral anxiety arises when you engage in or think about actions that go against your conscience.

Personality influence

Psychoanalysis? Freud's psychoanalysis initiated the study of subconscious psychology, created new fields of personality psychology, dynamic psychology and abnormal psychology, promoted the development of self-psychology, and influenced many treatment methods in the field of psychotherapy later. Created a system of subconscious psychology.

Traditional psychology is often explored from the outside to the inside, while psychoanalytic psychology is studied from the inside out, from deep to shallow. Freud founded dynamic psychology, believing that instinct and desire are the driving force and reason for the development and change of human psychology or personality. He also initiated the western personality psychology and made it an influential school.

Freud in the field of humanities is also a sociologist with many original opinions. He has written five major sociological works: Totem and Taboo, Group Analysis and Self-analysis, The Prospect of Illusion, Civilization and its Dissatisfaction, Moses and monotheism.

T.H. Blake, an American psychologist, said: "If a person's greatness can be measured by his influence on later generations, then Freud is undoubtedly the greatest psychologist. There is hardly a question about human nature that has not been touched by him. Freud, Darwin and Marx can be regarded as three prophets of western thoughts in the 20th century ... He is full of pessimistic conclusions about human nature and inevitable disasters, but there is a glimmer of hope in this pessimistic fatalism, hoping that people can face their subconscious and dark nature with reason, and only in this way can we reverse the fate of mankind. "

1, human actions are not made for no reason. -Freud

2. Civilization means repression. We need to obey and satisfy our instincts, and there is a conflict between them. -Freud

3. Men think with their lower bodies-Freud

4. The range of jokes is infinite. -Freud

5, a word can bless people, can also push people to despair. -Freud

6. When a person is in an insurmountable and inevitable pain, he will fall in love with this pain and regard it as happiness. -Freud

7, the content of the dream is due to the formation of the will, its purpose is to satisfy the will. -Freud

8. I would rather let myself down than have extravagant hopes. -Freud

9. Jealousy is an emotional state. Like sadness, it can be summed up as normal. -Freud

10, the essence of repression is a rejection mechanism, a function of rejecting things beyond consciousness. -Freud

1 1. Ignorance is ignorance, and no one has the right to believe what it can derive. -Freud

12, all evil in the human mind is contained in the subconscious as a tendency. -Freud

13, our whole psychological activity seems to be determined to seek happiness and avoid pain, and it is automatically adjusted by the principle of only happiness. -Freud

Jokes bring us pleasure by transforming a conscious process full of energy and tension into a relaxed unconscious process. -Freud

15, any religion, even a religion that claims to be universal, must be ruthless to people who don't belong to it. -Freud

16, I firmly believe that human civilization was created at the expense of primitive instinct. -Freud

17, dreams are like liars, and the dreamer himself is the king. -Freud

18, no man can hide his affair. Although his mouth can keep silent, his fingers can speak. -Freud

19, in people's subconscious, people's sexual desire has been suppressed, and civilized rules such as social morality and legal system keep people's instinctive desires under rational control at all times. -Freud

20. The "revealed content" of dreams is related to recent experiences, while the "hidden content" is related to early childhood experiences. Compared with recent experience, the influence of childhood experience is far more profound. -Freud

2 1, individual development is only a short repetition of life accidents. -Freud

22. Mentally healthy people always work hard and love others. As long as they can do these two things, other things will not be difficult. -Freud

23. Life is like playing chess. If you make a mistake, you lose everything. -Freud

24. Girls are really unbearable and the source of eternal troubles, but they are still the best things of our kind. Without them, the situation would be worse. -Freud

25. Most people don't really want freedom, because freedom contains responsibility, and most people are afraid of responsibility. -Freud

26. Belief in success often leads to real success. -Freud

27. Women should make men soft, not weak. -Freud

28. The essence of empathy is to relive some attachment that was suppressed in childhood. -Freud

I can't think of anyone who needs children more than a father's protection. -Freud

30. Conscience is an inner feeling and resistance to some abnormal desire that stirs in our body. -Freud

3 1, people either don't believe in their own death at all, or they are convinced that they won't die unconsciously. -Freud

The impulse of childhood still exists in our dreams. It can even be said that the desires and longings expressed in our dreams all come from childhood. -Freud

If we can turn hysterical pain into ordinary unhappiness, the gains will be considerable. -Freud

34, the contribution of a science to human knowledge, also don't have to be convinced. Believe it or not, depending on the results, it can wait patiently and attract everyone's attention with its own research results. -Freud

I firmly believe that human politeness is created at the expense of primitive instinct. -Freud

36. In fact, dreams are the realization of wishes. -Freud

37. Every dream originates from the first power (desire), but is defended and resisted by the second power (consciousness). -Freud

38. Consciousness is a special psychological behavior, which is the product of sensory processing of materials from other sources. -Freud

39. Moral sense is an integral part of people's unique qualities. -Freud

40. The painful feelings aroused in dreams are precisely to prevent us from mentioning or discussing those painful things. -Freud

4 1, "denial" is "correction" after an expected failure. Every denial is an admission. -Freud

42. Unexpressed feelings will never disappear. They are just buried alive and will explode in an ugly way one day. -Freud

43. Unconsciousness is the real "spiritual essence". -Freud

44. No one without reason can accept reason. -Freud

45. Happiness is by no means the value standard of culture. -Freud

46. Emotional impulse is closer to the desire impulse based on sexual instinct. -Freud

47. Man is an imbecile dominated by instinctive desires. -Freud

The voice of reason is soft, but it will never stop until it is heard. -Freud

49. Psychoanalysis has three pillars, namely, the psychological mechanism of the subconscious mind, the role of resistance and repression, and the importance of sex. -Freud

50, your eyes are tired, tired, close your eyes. -Freud