Probe into the current situation of fire safety problems of migrant workers?

Migrant workers are a new type of labor force in the process of industrialization and urbanization in China. They are an important force to promote social and economic development in China, and have made important contributions to rural development, urban prosperity and modernization in China. However, with the development of migrant workers, while creating economic benefits, they also have many social problems that need to be solved urgently, among which the fire safety problem is increasingly prominent. The relatively low fire safety awareness, fire safety quality and fire safety skills of migrant workers have caused potential safety hazards, and the management status of migrant workers by relevant departments is another prominent reason for this problem.

First, the origin of migrant workers

A traditional agricultural country will become an industrialized and urbanized modern country. In this process, a large number of farmers and rural laborers will definitely migrate to cities and become urban residents. All developed countries have gone this way, and China is no exception. ?

Migrant workers in China began to appear gradually after 1978 reform and opening up and the household contract responsibility system was implemented in rural areas. After the peasants began to be liberated from the land, they began to flood into the cities. The term "migrant workers" was first put forward by Professor Zhang Yulin when he wrote an article in 1984, and then it was widely quoted. From a national perspective, the initial migrant workers were mainly in the construction industry, followed by the manufacturing industry. After the reform and opening up, the scale of migrant workers' mobility in China is unprecedented. The forms of mobile migration can be roughly divided into two categories. The first is cross-regional migration. With the rapid development of industry and commerce in coastal areas and the shortage of labor force, a large number of farmers in the central and western regions migrate to the economically developed areas in the east in the short term or even in the long term. This kind of population migration is also called "the tide of migrant workers"; Another flow is that farmers move to nearby fast-growing towns.

It is these migrant workers who provide indispensable services and labor for the development of the city with their hardworking hands and low remuneration. With the further development of China's economy, the number of migrant workers is increasing. However, due to the employment and welfare discrimination caused by the household registration system, migrant workers are the lowest class in the city, and many migrant workers live and work in a very difficult situation. In view of these situations, in recent years, the state and people have attached great importance to them. Many people care about the plight of migrant workers spontaneously or organized, and some administrative departments give them many preferential policies accordingly. Compared with the past, their social status has gradually improved, their income has increased, and problems such as pre-job training, social insurance and children's enrollment have gradually improved. However, among many problems, what is their fire safety problem?

Second, the fire safety status of migrant workers

At a construction site, the reporter interviewed several migrant workers randomly: "Have you participated in fire safety training?"

A young man in his twenties casually said, "What are you doing there?" ! If things are delayed, it is better to work more and earn more money. "

His answer is quite representative among migrant workers. After investigation, the author found that the fire safety of migrant workers is still a "blind area" for various reasons, and the situation is still grim and not optimistic. ? Most migrant workers at the bottom of society have a hard life and struggle for their livelihood every day. Few people can fully understand fire safety ideologically, and some even don't know how to use the most commonly used electrical appliances and liquefied petroleum gas safely. Ignorance of fire safety common sense or numbness of fire hazards make foreign population, places and their living areas wrapped in overlapping fire hazards. If you are not careful, the fire devil will come.

(1) There are fire safety hazards in the accommodation environment.

"They only know how to make money. A dormitory of eight people has crowded more than a dozen people. The wires are pulled randomly, and the conditions in the room are poor. Fire fighting? No one has ever mentioned it to us. " For the author's question about "fire fighting", an Anhui migrant girl who once worked in a toy factory in Kunshan said so.

According to the survey, about half of the migrant workers mainly live in dormitories or sheds. Dozens of people live in houses of 20 to 30 square meters. In order to maintain public order and facilitate management, business owners often set up anti-theft iron fences in employee dormitories that affect safe evacuation and rescue, occupying evacuation passages and blocking fire exits is very serious. Some migrant workers rent houses in urban areas or urban-rural fringe. Building and decoration materials have low fire resistance rating, and the places are narrow, crowded and adjacent, lacking the necessary fire prevention spacing and safe distance. Some even just use flammable materials such as wood and linoleum to build illegal buildings, with complex residents and harsh surrounding environment.

(2) The fire safety situation in the working environment is worrying.

At present, migrant workers are ubiquitous in cities: according to statistics, migrant workers account for 79.8% of the total number of construction workers. In the field of electronic components and equipment manufacturing, among electronic assemblers, migrant workers account for 68.2%, mining accounts for 52.5%, social services and residential services account for 55.9%, catering tourism accounts for 58.4%, and dealers account for 58.3%. These proportions are over half. However, in their workplaces, most fire safety problems are serious, full of fire safety hazards, big and small.

In the construction site, due to the large number of temporary buildings and low fire resistance, bamboo, wood, linoleum, plastic and other combustible materials are mostly used in temporary buildings such as sheds, warehouses, canteens and dormitories, and combustible materials are also widely used in construction scaffolding and safety protection materials. A large number of flammable and combustible materials such as linoleum, wood, paint, plastic products and decoration materials are temporarily piled up on the construction site. Cooking, boiling asphalt, illegal use of electric furnace, baking and heating are very common in the construction site. When using naked flame and electric welding, it is easy to produce Fei Huo and cause fire. The power supply management is poor, wires are pulled randomly, electrical appliances are connected randomly, electrical lines are overloaded, there are almost no fire safety measures, the configuration of fire-fighting equipment and facilities does not meet the requirements, and even many construction sites are not equipped with fire-fighting equipment and facilities. ? In some important places such as production workshops and warehouses in some labor-intensive industries such as electronics and clothing, raw materials, finished products and semi-finished products are mostly flammable, with a large number and dense personnel; Some small and medium-sized labor-intensive enterprises, even regardless of production and living areas, will have illegal operations such as welding and cutting machines flying around the factory whenever necessary; In some enterprises, goods are piled up in workshops, blocking evacuation routes and safety exits. Electricity and gas are used at will, and fire safety is not guaranteed as it should be; Many workers are short of fire fighting knowledge and common sense of fighting the initial fire and self-prevention, and once a fire breaks out, it is easy to cause casualties. ?

(3) Some business owners have no sense of fire control responsibility.

Most migrant workers have low education level and weak self-protection awareness. As long as they can earn money, they seldom care about the working environment and labor protection measures, which gives some business owners an opportunity. In order to reduce costs, they do not provide basic fire safety protection measures for migrant workers, and even let them work without fire safety training. Migrant workers have not mastered the minimum safety knowledge and skills, and frequent serious fire accidents are both sad and shocking. At 4: 00 a.m. on February 27th, 2008, a fire broke out in an abandoned warehouse in Neihuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, covering an area of nearly 1.500 square meters. The fire was fierce, causing 15 deaths and 3 injuries. Almost all the casualties were migrant workers. Some people at the scene of the fire reported that there was a fire in this house two years ago. There were no casualties at that time, and many people jumped out of the window to escape. According to the investigation, the fire broke out in the property of Zhongqiao Company rented by Southern Metal Company. Since then, the lessee has illegally subletted the property to Longfei Renewable Materials Recycling Co., Ltd., which set up an attic above the site where a large number of flammable waste products were stored. The fire responsibility is unknown, which caused heavy casualties in this fire. There are many fires like this. Because many business owners ignore the fire control work, safety can only become empty talk, and the fire is accidental but inevitable. ?

(D) The problem of fire safety "staying behind" caused by migrant workers can not be ignored? The fire problems caused by migrant workers are not limited to themselves. A large number of young and middle-aged laborers go out to work, leaving a fire safety gap for the export of migrant workers.

Take Fuyang, a famous export city of migrant workers in China as an example. In recent years, 80% of the fires that killed people occurred in rural areas, and more than half of the dead were old people and children. Most of the migrant workers in Fuyang flow into the developed areas in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, with a large geographical span, resulting in many "left-behind elderly people" and "left-behind children". As a result, once a fire breaks out, few people can put out the initial fire, and because the alarm is late and far from the fire station, a small fire often turns into a big fire, which aggravates the loss and leads to tragedy.

At 6 o'clock on February 6, 2007, a fire broke out in Fan Yuping's home in Chengxi Natural Village, Chengtan Administrative Village, Yingxian Town, Linquan County, Anhui Province, causing the death of Fan Yuping's grandson and two children aged 5 and1/respectively. The parents of both children are working outside, and the children are taken care of by two old people. According to the investigation of the fire department, the fire was caused by a faulty wire in the house. At that time, the two children were sleeping, and Fan Yuping's wife found that a spark had fallen. However, due to the lack of fire knowledge, the old man didn't expect any serious consequences, so he ran to his neighbor's house to find someone. Because there were many people going out to work, when she ran for a while, she called a young man and found that the whole house was surrounded by a raging fire, and two sleeping children had been buried in the sea of fire. ...

If the old people can wake up the children in time, then their loss is nothing more than a few houses. However, on that festive day, ten days before the Spring Festival, the two buds of life withered in a hurry before they bloomed. While we regret it, we can't help thinking about the reasons for these problems.

The above situation tells us that the fire safety of migrant workers can not be ignored, and must be highly valued by relevant departments and even the whole society, and effective measures must be taken to solve it. However, due to the mobility of migrant workers, short contract time, irregular residence and uneven quality of personnel, the fire safety education received by migrant workers is still far below the current average level.

We expect the whole society to care about the fire safety of migrant workers while caring about other problems; We look forward to the pre-job training provided by the social and labor security departments and other units for migrant workers, which can put fire safety in an important position and ensure that they can protect their own lives to the maximum extent; We expect the fire department to carry out various effective fire prevention publicity and education according to the characteristics of migrant workers, so that they can create wealth for the society and enjoy fire safety with us.

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