Items and schedule of prenatal examination in the second trimester of pregnancy

The frequency of specific check-ups in the second trimester is generally once every four weeks. If the gestational age is sometimes abnormal, the doctor may require a prenatal examination every two weeks. The prenatal examination in the second trimester is mainly to measure weight, blood pressure, fetal heart rate and uterine height, and it is not necessary to do B-ultrasound every time. It is suggested that pregnant mothers should go to prenatal examination regularly according to the requirements of perinatal health care, which is good for themselves and their babies.

Second birth check-up

Examination time: pregnancy 16 weeks, pregnancy 4 months, second trimester.

Prenatal check-up: the first prenatal check-up of blood pressure, weight, fundus height, abdominal circumference, fetal heart rate and Down's blood in the second trimester (15-20 weeks).

Tips: Down's screening is the most important item in the second birth check-up. When doing Down's screening, you should check that you are forbidden to eat and drink after 12 the night before, and come to the hospital on an empty stomach the next morning. In addition, the examination is also related to menstrual cycle, weight, height, accurate gestational age and gestational age. It is best to consult a doctor about other preparations before the examination.

Check items:

Check the project and explain the project indicators. It is very important to control weight during pregnancy, which is related to pregnancy-induced hypertension and diabetes, as well as the growth of stretch marks and postpartum recovery. The simple formula for calculating weight is my height (cm) minus100-150, and then multiply by 0.9 to get my standard weight (kg). Hypertension-induced pregnancy is a common high-risk pregnancy, which should be checked every time. The blood pressure value is expressed as "systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure". Hypertension ≥ 140/90mmHg. Obstetrics check to know whether there is any abnormality in the soft birth canal and pelvic reproductive organs, and make an early estimate of delivery. ? Judging the size of the uterus by the height of the uterus is one of the data, which is helpful to dynamically observe the growth and development of the fetus, estimate the weight of the fetus, and timely treat abnormal pregnancies such as fetal growth retardation and macrosomia. ? Fetal heart rate Fetal heart rate is regulated by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. Through the curve of the monitoring graph formed by the change of fetal heart at the moment of signal recording, we can understand the reaction of fetal heart during fetal movement and contraction, and then infer whether the intrauterine fetus is hypoxic. Interpretation of key projects from 120 to 160 times per minute: 1 Fetal heart: Normal fetal heart rate is between 120 beats/min and 160 beats/min. If the fetal heart rate continues to exceed 10 minutes, it will be

2, weight: Because pregnant women are too thin or too fat, they have adverse effects, so they should consciously control their weight within the standard range before pregnancy. The simple formula for calculating weight is my height (cm) minus100-150, and then multiply by 0.9 to get my standard weight (kg). The weight is not absolute, and it can be up and down by 5 kilograms on the basis of calculating the weight. As long as it is within this range, it is normal.

3. Uterine height: By measuring the uterine height and abdominal circumference, we can preliminarily judge the gestational age, indirectly understand the growth and development of the fetus, and estimate the fetal weight. Measuring the height and abdominal circumference of uterus during each prenatal examination is helpful to dynamically observe the development of fetus, and timely find out pregnancy abnormalities such as intrauterine growth retardation, macrosomia or polyhydramnios, so as to treat and correct them in time.

Third birth check-up

Examination time: 20 weeks pregnant, 5 months pregnant, second trimester.

Examination items: blood pressure, weight, fundus height, abdominal circumference, fetal heart rate, B-ultrasound fetal malformation screening 18-24 weeks), blood routine and urine routine.

Tips: The most important thing in the third birth check-up project is to screen fetal malformation by B-ultrasound, and to do ultrasound examination at 20 weeks of pregnancy, mainly to see if there are any major problems in fetal appearance development. The doctor will carefully measure the fetal head circumference, abdominal circumference and thigh bone length to check whether there is any congenital abnormality in the spine. If the expectant mother does four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound, she can also see the baby's real-time facial expression. Before doing color Doppler ultrasound, what expectant mothers need to do is to keep a peaceful mind. If they are too nervous, it will affect the activity of the fetus.

Check items:

Check the project and explain the project indicators. It is very important to control weight during pregnancy, which is related to pregnancy-induced hypertension and diabetes, as well as the growth of stretch marks and postpartum recovery. The simple formula for calculating weight is my height (cm) minus100-150, and then multiply by 0.9 to get my standard weight (kg). Hypertension-induced pregnancy is a common high-risk pregnancy, which should be checked every time. The blood pressure value is expressed as "systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure". Hypertension ≥ 140/90mmHg. Obstetrics check to know whether there is any abnormality in the soft birth canal and pelvic reproductive organs, and make an early estimate of delivery. ? Pregnancy counseling can consult a doctor about any pregnancy-related problems. ? Urine test is helpful to monitor the kidney condition of pregnant women. Generally including urine volume, urine color, acid-base reaction, specific gravity, transparency and so on 14. ? Screening fetal malformation by B-ultrasound can cause neonatal sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis and even death. This test can detect whether pregnant women are infected with group B streptococcus. ? Interpretation of key projects: B-ultrasound screening of fetal malformation: ultrasound examination during pregnancy 17-24 weeks enables doctors to comprehensively observe the baby's growth and check whether its organs are abnormal. The expectant mother can see the outline of his head, brain, face, neck and spine, chest, heart, lungs and diaphragm. You can also see its abdomen, liver, spleen, stomach, external reproductive organs, arms and legs. Placenta and amniotic fluid. If the expectant mother does four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound, she can also see the baby's real-time facial expression.

The fourth birth check-up

Examination time: 24 weeks pregnant, 6 months pregnant, second trimester.

Examination items: blood pressure, weight, fundus height, abdominal circumference, fetal heart rate, glucose tolerance screening (75g OGTT), blood routine and urine routine.

Tips: The most important item of the fourth routine physical examination is screening for gestational diabetes mellitus-glucose tolerance screening, which is usually done at the 24th week of pregnancy. Don't eat less and drink less after 8 pm the day before glucose tolerance screening. Don't drink sugar water too fast, drink it slowly, bit by bit, don't drink it all at once, drink it in 3-5 minutes. It is best to walk more after drinking, so that the energy will be consumed within one hour, which will help reduce the blood sugar concentration.

Check items:

Check the project and explain the project indicators. It is very important to control weight during pregnancy, which is related to pregnancy-induced hypertension and diabetes, as well as the growth of stretch marks and postpartum recovery. The simple formula for calculating weight is my height (cm) minus100-150, and then multiply by 0.9 to get my standard weight (kg). Hypertension-induced pregnancy is a common high-risk pregnancy, which should be checked every time. The blood pressure value is expressed as "systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure". Hypertension ≥ 140/90mmHg. Obstetrics check to know whether there is any abnormality in the soft birth canal and pelvic reproductive organs, and make an early estimate of delivery. ? Judging the size of the uterus by the height of the uterus is one of the data, which is helpful to dynamically observe the growth and development of the fetus, estimate the weight of the fetus, and timely treat abnormal pregnancies such as fetal growth retardation and macrosomia. The normal value is 29.8—34.5cm, and you can consult a doctor if you have any pregnancy-related problems. ? The normal value of blood routine examination is mainly to judge whether the expectant mother is anemic, and there are different criteria for judging it at home and abroad. Glucose tolerance screening with normal value of 100 g/L is used to diagnose pregnancy complicated with diabetes. ≥7.8mmol/L is the abnormal whole blood cell count which is diagnosed by glucose screening and reflects the hematopoietic function of bone marrow. ? Antibody screening (if necessary)? ? If the zona pellucida of fetal neck is greater than 3.0mm and the probability of blood drawing results is greater than 1/270, there is the possibility of Down syndrome. Probability ≤ 1/270. Fetal heart can be detected by Doppler, and fetal heart sounds can be received by headphones. ? Urine test is helpful to monitor the kidney condition of pregnant women. Generally including urine volume, urine color, acid-base reaction, specific gravity, transparency and so on 14. ? Interpretation of key projects: glucose tolerance screening: glucose tolerance screening is carried out at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy. Glucose tolerance test requires 75 grams of glucose, and fasting blood glucose needs to be measured before taking glucose. Then take 75 grams of glucose, and draw blood twice an hour or two after taking sugar, three times in total. If there are two abnormalities, it is gestational diabetes. Don't worry, most women with gestational diabetes can give birth to normal and healthy babies. But to be on the safe side, you'd better arrange your meals according to the special diet prescribed by the doctor during pregnancy.

The fifth birth check-up

Examination time: 28 weeks pregnant, 7 months pregnant, second trimester.

Examination items: blood pressure, weight, fundus height, abdominal circumference, fetal heart rate, obstetric B-ultrasound, blood routine and urine routine.

Tip: The incidence of anemia will increase during this period. Expectant mothers must have an anemia test. If anemia is found, it should be cured before delivery. From the 28th week of pregnancy, the check-up was changed to once every two weeks, and the fifth and sixth check-ups were routine items.

Check items:

Check the project and explain the project indicators. It is very important to control weight during pregnancy, which is related to pregnancy-induced hypertension and diabetes, as well as the growth of stretch marks and postpartum recovery. The simple formula for calculating weight is my height (cm) minus100-150, and then multiply by 0.9 to get my standard weight (kg). Hypertension-induced pregnancy is a common high-risk pregnancy, which should be checked every time. The blood pressure value is expressed as "systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure". Hypertension ≥ 140/90mmHg. Abdominal circumference is more intuitive to see the size of the baby, and prenatal examination should be measured every time to estimate the intrauterine development of the fetus. The uterine height of 84-95 cm is one of the data to judge the size of uterus, which is helpful to dynamically observe the growth and development of fetus, estimate the weight of fetus, and treat abnormal pregnancy such as fetal growth retardation and macrosomia in time. The normal value is 26-32.5 cm. You can ask your doctor any questions related to pregnancy. ? Urine test is helpful to monitor the kidney condition of pregnant women. Generally including urine volume, urine color, acid-base reaction, specific gravity, transparency and so on 14. ? Hepatitis B antigen check whether the expectant mother herself carries hepatitis B virus or has been infected with hepatitis B. If both hepatitis B tests of the expectant mother are positive, the newborn should be vaccinated within 24 hours after the birth of the fetus. ? B-ultrasound examination (umbilical blood flow, S/D value calculation, fetal weight) B-ultrasound should not be done indiscriminately, and it is best to do it three times during pregnancy, not more than five times. The third B-ultrasound in the third trimester can clearly observe the fetal position, fetal size and placental maturity, and evaluate the labor process. The normal biparietal diameter of fetal head is about 8.0 cm; ; The normal thickness of placenta is 2.5-5 cm. Interpretation of key projects: B-ultrasound examination: Through B-ultrasound examination, we can know the amniotic fluid volume, understand the growth and development of the fetus, judge whether the placenta is normal, and use it for prenatal disease diagnosis and observe the physiological activities of the fetus.