Causes of difficulties in rescue of Wenchuan earthquake

Wenchuan and Beichuan: What happened to this earthquake?

I was attending classes at Beijing Central Party School when the earthquake occurred on May 12. Three minutes later, I knew the general situation of the earthquake, because a classmate in our class happened to be the director of the Seismological Bureau of Shandong Province, and he soon learned something through the State Seismological Bureau. In the afternoon 17, after class, I hurried back to my key laboratory of environmental evolution and natural disasters in Beijing Normal University, and input the information of Wenchuan, the epicenter. Our laboratory has a very complete database, in which all the natural disasters in China in the past hundred years exist. It took us 20 years to finish these studies.

Most people don't know the name "Wenchuan", but people who study geography and disasters are too familiar with the "Sichuan-Yunnan earthquake belt" where it is located. This seismic belt, also known as the "Southwest Seismic Belt", includes strong earthquake areas in Sichuan and Yunnan. So Wenchuan earthquake is not uncommon, but no one expected such a large magnitude.

After I entered the "Wenchuan" information in the database, I began to understand the areas that may be affected by this earthquake. At 20 o'clock in the evening, the US National Geological Survey (USGS) published a simulated Wenchuan earthquake intensity map on its website, and their response was very rapid, which provided particularly valuable information for our analysis and research. When I saw the earthquake simulation map of the disaster area, my first reaction was: this earthquake is not a propagation mode of drawing equidistant circles around the epicenter, but a fault zone earthquake! However, most people did not have this judgment at that time, and thought that since the epicenter was in Wenchuan, Wenchuan County should be the most seriously affected area.

The fault zone I see from this simulation map is 200 kilometers long from north to south and less than 50 kilometers wide from east to west. The line from Yingxiu to Beichuan County is the center of the fault zone. By 2 am on May 13, we had analyzed the basic data of this earthquake, and it seems that the disaster caused by this earthquake far exceeded our experience. I am very anxious. At 8 o'clock in the morning, I went to the Ministry of Civil Affairs to find Wang, director of the disaster relief department. We have been partners and old friends in dealing with various disasters in China in recent years.

I said to Wang, "This is a banded earthquake zone. Please prepare at least 654.38+00,000 tents. " You know, the biggest natural disaster in China in recent years only needs 50,000 to 60,000 tents, and the reserve capacity of the Ministry of Civil Affairs is 200,000 tents. I put forward three core figures, which sounded amazing at that time: First, the death toll may reach 50,000 ~ 65,438+10,000. What is this concept? It was really scary. 1998, the death toll from catastrophic floods in China was less than 2,000, and the death toll of more than 50,000 was unimaginable. Second, the severely affected area is 6.5438+0.5 million square kilometers; Third, the population affected by this earthquake has reached 20 million in Sichuan Province. It seems that my estimate at that time was conservative. I didn't expect that more than100000 people among the affected people were victims.

The densely populated areas in the earthquake zone must be the focus of attention. First of all, it is reassuring that there is no problem in Chengdu, which is in the southeast corner of this earthquake zone and will only be slightly affected. However, Beichuan has a big problem! In the early days, almost all eyes were focused on Wenchuan County, the epicenter, but the earthquake zone was dumbbell-shaped, narrow in the middle and thick at both ends. One end of the dumbbell is Yingxiu Town, Wenchuan County, and the other end is Beichuan County. These two densely populated areas, especially Beichuan county, are located in the high intensity zone of 9 degrees to 10 degrees. Dujiangyan is only 30 kilometers away from Yingxiu, the epicenter, and the disaster must be very serious.

My analysis at that time was that among the 6.5438+0.5 million square kilometers of the hardest hit areas, there were 50,000 square kilometers in the core area above 8 ~ 65438+00 degrees, including Wenchuan, Dujiangyan, Beichuan, Qingchuan and Maoxian. The simulated map of the US National Geological Survey is biased towards the west of the earthquake zone, so the situation in the east did not attract my attention. Later, it was found that Mianyang and Deyang in the east were also seriously damaged.

The Ministry of Science and Technology responded very quickly to the Wenchuan earthquake. On the afternoon of May 13, Vice Minister Liu Yanhua asked me to report. Upon hearing this, the Ministry of Science and Technology immediately convened experts in related fields and announced the establishment of the "Earthquake Relief Expert Group of the Ministry of Science and Technology" on May 16. Experts are divided into 1 1 working groups. They eat and live together and meet every afternoon 15.

At this time, we mainly provide professional support in three aspects: first, provide the technology needed for search and rescue and emergency transfer of people in disaster areas; First, provide timely disaster dynamics and trend judgment every day; Another is how to restore and rebuild. I have experienced the on-site command of many major disasters in China in recent years. Although the types of disasters are different, all disaster emergency treatment can not be separated from these aspects. The expert group of the Ministry of Science and Technology compiled seven emergency manuals in three days, and went online and printed in batches on the fifth day, and sent them to the disaster area for distribution. Some experts drew posters, wrote mass short messages to people in disaster areas, and provided timely specific guidance on rescue, transfer, nursing, health and epidemic prevention.

During this period, a classmate of mine who works in Australia obtained an abnormal map of crustal stress in the disaster area from a Japanese partner. Many international organizations and experts are very concerned about the Wenchuan earthquake. They monitor earthquakes in various ways and provide them for others to study for free. At first glance, I am more sure that the Wenchuan earthquake is a strip-shaped fault zone, and the fault in the north has a twist twist. Beichuan county is the location of this "twist twist".

Therefore, this earthquake is actually centered on Beichuan, east to Qingchuan, west to Wenchuan, and south to Dujiangyan along Longmen Mountain, becoming the hardest hit area. Many people don't understand why Beichuan is so far away from Wenchuan, but the disaster is the most serious. Because they understand the earthquake as spreading outward with Yingxiu as the center. This thrust strike-slip earthquake fault has a strong twist in Beichuan, which has caused great harm to Beichuan county, and it bears the greatest force. Between Mianzhu and Beichuan, several sections of railway tracks were twisted into twists, which clearly proved the torsion of this earthquake. Therefore, in this earthquake, people's feelings are "because torsion makes people soar, first tossing up and down, and then shaking left and right, it is impossible to stand firm."

Self-help and other rescue: knowledge of disaster area management

The biggest characteristics of earthquake disasters are: high casualty rate and high degree of building damage. So this Wenchuan earthquake became the biggest "battle" in our peacetime: the battlefield was the hardest hit area of 6.5438+0.5 million square kilometers, and more than 6.5438+0.00 million troops were invested, involving tens of millions of lives.

The core of disaster relief is to direct emergency response. A headquarters has three requirements: one is the ability to mobilize armed forces, the other is the ability to mobilize material reserves, and the third is a scientific decision support system. Lifeline recovery is always the first, and life-saving is the first. The restoration of infrastructure and production lines is also very important. After the water supply and power supply, the rescue work is more secure. Once the conditions are met, the local government should organize the resumption of production as soon as possible, because the government can manage the society, develop enterprises and make a living with normal financial income.

The most important thing in modern "campaigns" is intelligence and the demand for information. Many people doubt whether earthquakes can be predicted. Earthquakes can indeed be predicted, but the current scientific research can only predict to the extent of 20% to 30%. The accuracy of prediction is far from meeting the needs of the people, and the accuracy of information is reduced. On the other hand, due to the interruption of communication after the earthquake, the information in the disaster area could not go out. Maritime satellite is a luxury in China, and it is not used in most places. Only after experiencing this disaster can we find out how backward our equipment is. Therefore, in this "campaign", the intelligence information work has been greatly hindered.

The level of disaster reporting of local governments that I have learned also needs to be improved. This time, Xiang 'e Township in Dujiangyan was seriously damaged and communication was completely interrupted. After the collapse of the government building, nearly half of the people died, and those who escaped had no time to rescue government personnel. The mayor directed everyone to go to the primary school to save people, and more than 400 students were crushed under the rubble. A female vice mayor risked her life to run to Dujiangyan and ask for help from the outside world. Finally, she led a rescue team in and rescued dozens of children. The leaders of this town have a division of labor, and they know that it is very important to report disasters for help and do a good job. However, some local governments have no awareness of reporting disasters. Although they organized rescue, they didn't know the importance of information communication.

Our awareness of this kind of assistance is very strong, but everyone emphasizes the assistance of foreign aid, but does not pay attention to self-help and mutual assistance in consciousness. In the history of world disasters, self-help and mutual help have saved far more lives than others. Therefore, encouraging self-help and mutual rescue is the focus of the "golden 72-hour" rescue, because it always takes time for external rescue to enter the disaster area, and this time, due to the influence of terrain, the rescue has been delayed for a long time.

After the disaster, those survivors are divided into three types: one is that self-awareness determines the rescue, and it is often blood relationship that allows them to participate in the rescue; One is that he was not seriously injured, because he was worried about aftershocks or food shortage and quickly fled the disaster area; There is also a reason to organize rescue out of duty or personal morality, such as some teachers and doctors.

In fact, the second kind of people should not be advocated, and they should also be the main body of early assistance. Among the victims, about 350,000 people were injured. Others have lost their relatives or temporarily lost their homes and production conditions, but they are not injured and can participate in the rescue. Anyone with a little common sense should know that after an earthquake of magnitude 8, it is impossible to have another earthquake of magnitude 8 in the near future. When the surrounding buildings are destroyed, it is actually very safe if you find an open space where there is no possibility of collapse on all sides. The local people are most familiar with the geography here, know where the school is, where the hospital is, where the crowd is densest, and where rescue tools can be found, so they should stay and become the main force of mutual rescue. When the wounded need to be transferred, they are also the best candidates to help quickly transfer the wounded.

After the disaster, I don't approve of a large number of rescuers entering the disaster area unplanned, and there is no need to transfer all the victims abroad. On the third and fourth days after the earthquake, most troops began to enter the hardest hit areas, and most of the victims ran out of the disaster areas. In fact, this kind of personnel replacement is unscientific. If there is still great danger in the disaster area, more people should be allowed to avoid high-risk areas. Anyone who enters the high-risk area may become an insecure person and may become an object that needs help from others at any time. If the number of people rescued by the outside world greatly exceeds the actual demand, their supply will easily become a problem.

The particularity of this disaster lies in the traffic jam, which made it difficult for large troops to enter in the early stage, so many volunteers played a great role in early life rescue. However, after the large troops enter, we should appeal to the volunteers not to enter casually. In a place where infrastructure has not been restored and food supply is difficult to guarantee, population entry should be controlled. Compared with the entry of external rescue, local people should be organized. As long as they are provided with basic food and water, they can save lives more effectively. This knowledge about disaster area management is worth studying in the history of world disaster relief.

People in disaster areas will find it too difficult to search and rescue. In the case of inconvenient transportation of large-scale machinery and equipment, there is almost no emergency equipment in grassroots communities! After the earthquake, many people rescued people in the ruins with their bare hands, but they couldn't find any available equipment, such as flashlights, jacks, irons, first-aid medicine boxes and small chainsaws. In the absence of awareness of disaster prevention, farmers still have some tools to do farm work, such as pickaxes and shovels, which may be helpful, and it is even more difficult for people in cities to use tools. These are life-saving supplies that grass-roots communities should be equipped with. For example, places prone to floods should be equipped with lifebuoys and tents, and places prone to earthquakes should be equipped with various cutting tools, lifting or prying tools. The American and Japanese governments have clear regulations on three kinds of necessary rescue and emergency tools for different types of disasters. (Source: Sanlian Life Weekly)

In-depth report on earthquake relief Part III:

The third batch of eight journalists conducted an in-depth study of government capabilities; The deputy head of the expert group reviewed the scientific decision-making process in detail; The commander tells the legend of airborne rescue; Disaster Relief Director of the Ministry of Civil Affairs 15 Days Memorabilia ... The biggest battle in peacetime, the lack of equipment highlights the tragic emergency.

Houses and intensity in disaster areas

On May 13, when we did our own research, we made an intensity map of Wenchuan earthquake according to the simulation map of the US National Geological Survey. On may 2 1, the expert group of the Ministry of science and technology of the national disaster reduction Committee made the Wenchuan earthquake intensity map according to the latest earthquake data. Intensity and magnitude are two completely different concepts: magnitude is the sum of energy emitted by earthquakes, and we divide this energy into different grades; The so-called intensity refers to the intensity of ground vibration at a certain place within the earthquake range. The intensity is divided into 12, in which we use 5 ~ 12 to distinguish different degrees of damage. Intensity is a very accurate indicator of the severity of structural damage in various places, and it has become an important basis for the resettlement, transfer, recovery and reconstruction of the earthquake relief headquarters.

Intensity is related to the acceleration of seismic energy or seismic strain force. Why are the two houses in the disaster area so close? When one building was smashed, the frame of another building did not collapse? Yingxiu Town Xuankou Middle School is a typical example. It has three zigzag teaching buildings. Why are these buildings so close to each other damaged to different degrees? This is related to the direction of the force during the earthquake. If the direction of energy is consistent with the extension direction of the house, the damage to the house is relatively light; If the direction is vertical, then the house will be the most stressed and the situation will be very miserable.

We all know that we should build strong houses in the earthquake area, but there is an economic reality here. Every time the earthquake intensity increases, the building cost will increase by at least 10% to 20%. Some places clearly know this truth, but the economy can't keep up. You must invest enough money to build an earthquake-resistant house. This time, I found that there are three main types of buildings in the disaster area that can resist earthquakes of magnitude 8: one is hydropower stations, such as Zipingpu Hydropower Station, whose seismic capacity exceeds magnitude 8; One is the factory of national defense industry; Then there is the high dam built in the rift valley area.

In this earthquake-stricken area, the most serious regional intensity reached 1 1 degree. What is the concept of 1 1 degree? No matter what the house looks like, it is flat at once. According to my research, the area with the intensity of 10 and above is 3 100 square kilometers, mainly distributed in Longmen Mountain and deep forests, but Beichuan County is also at this intensity, so the county seat is almost completely destroyed. On the route from Yingxiu to Beichuan, there are 20 small villages and towns, which are almost razed to the ground. The mountains gathered together, and the local farmer said, "overnight, I didn't recognize the mountain in front of my house."

The area with intensity of 9 degrees is about 1.6 million square kilometers. If the buildings in the area with the intensity of 10 degree are built according to the standard of earthquake resistance of magnitude 8, the direction of the buildings does not directly conflict with the direction of earthquake strain, at least the frame of the buildings will not collapse. Yingxiu town intensity 10 degree, Dujiangyan 8 degree. Through the intensity map, we can judge the number of victims, the specific disaster situation, how to resettle and restore and rebuild.

Since May 25th, the focus of the State Council Earthquake Relief Headquarters has shifted to the resettlement, recovery and reconstruction of victims. The National Wenchuan Earthquake Expert Committee was formally established on May 22nd, and the disaster assessment team in charge of me arrived in the disaster area on May 26th. This assessment team brings together experts from more than 20 fields, including earthquake assessment, geographic information and remote sensing, bridges, highways, ecology, health and epidemic prevention and so on.

I have never seen China mobilize so many experts to participate in research and suggestions because of a disaster. I went to the scene of the disaster area, first of all, to verify whether the chart we drew is accurate and can be used as the basis for government decision-making. We conducted a survey in Shifang, Mianzhu, Dujiangyan and Xiang 'e townships, and verified that the accuracy of the chart reached 90%. In areas with intensity above 9 degrees, 90% of houses cannot be reused; If the intensity is 8 degrees, the damage rate of houses is usually 70%.

After the earthquake, some people accused the disaster area of many "bean curd residue" projects, and thought that many houses should not collapse, so different situations should be treated differently here. After the 200 1 China Fourth Generation Ground Motion Parameter Zoning Map came out, the building construction in this seismic zone requires 7-degree seismic fortification. In other words, we have never reached 8 degrees in terms of requirements. Even if these houses were built in accordance with state regulations, an earthquake of magnitude 8 would have collapsed. In addition, we should also see the economic reality of rural areas in China. The earthquake resistance of casting houses is much stronger than that of prefabricated houses, but not every household can afford it. I did see some houses completely collapse in the intensity zones of 9 degrees and 10 degrees, but the frame did not fall down. This is the advantage of reinforced concrete casting room. There are some twisted bodies of force in the pouring chamber, which offset some of the force, but the precast slab will not work and will fall off when it is shaken.

Public facilities such as schools, hospitals and government agencies should be public shelters at critical moments, but this time they have become the hardest hit areas. However, the countryside has its practical difficulties. A leader in Deyang took my hand and said that before the 1990s, "people's education, people's office" was advocated. At that time, the national financial resources were limited. "It is not easy for farmers to tighten their belts and take turns to build schools so that the dolls can study." Basic education in China is completely free for only five years. Can you ask all schools to be like houses in big cities? This is too unrealistic. A middle school in Dujiangyan, which has attracted special attention, can be sure that this project is not fortification or "bean curd residue" after on-site investigation. All the surrounding buildings, no matter which direction, have not collapsed so badly. This is the standard or quality problem of housing construction.

In this earthquake, 1 and the second floor of many houses were completely "seated", which just confirmed the conclusion of earthquake research in Japan. Japanese experts have found that the building with no more than three floors during the earthquake has the highest probability of fracture between 1 and 2 floors; During an earthquake, buildings with 3-6 storeys are most likely to break between 2-3 storeys. What I saw in the disaster area this time is very consistent with this feature, so in the future, Gai Lou, 1 to the third floor is the key, and it must be built according to the local seismic fortification standards. When the earthquake comes, as long as the framework of the house does not fall, the probability of human survival is much greater.

The core of resettlement work: restore local normal conditions as soon as possible.

The secondary disasters after the earthquake were particularly serious. Mountain collapses, landslides and mudslides blocked traffic and interrupted local communications. After the earthquake, it rained cats and dogs for several days. All these factors combined to aggravate the consequences of the disaster. The Ministry of Civil Affairs anticipated the seriousness of the disaster long ago and offered to help the counterpart provinces and transfer the seriously injured to other places, which was very timely.

Therefore, we should give full support to the whole country in the rescue measures. At that time, we proposed that the seriously wounded be transferred from other places. Some people did not understand that Sichuan was so big that it could not solve the problem of the wounded? But if thousands of people suffer from the same kind of injury, can orthopedic surgeons in Sichuan cope? Do orthopedic professionals have enough nursing staff and equipment? Therefore, it is necessary to quickly transfer the seriously injured who cannot be solved.

The core idea of resettling the victims is to return to normal state as soon as possible, instead of moving as many people out of the earthquake zone as the outside world imagines. It is impossible for us to eliminate the reality of the urban-rural dual difference that exists everywhere in China through a post-disaster resettlement work, and we are not extravagant enough not to live in the earthquake zone. High-risk areas do not mean uninhabited areas. Japan, San Francisco and other areas are high-risk areas with frequent earthquakes, but they still live and keep building modern high-rise buildings. Therefore, we chose not to leave, but to strengthen the earthquake-resistant investment. How to build a house to resist an earthquake of magnitude 8 and how to escape when an earthquake comes are the core of survival.

There are laws for disasters, but many scientific means are not available at present, but there are clear and operable standardized disaster prevention procedures, which we can do through investment, education and drills. Anxian Sangzao Middle School has realized this one.

Therefore, after May 25, one of the key points of our work is to find ways to quickly evaluate the housing situation, combine the intensity map with the field investigation, and differentiate and resettle the victims according to the evaluation results.

The population of 9 ~ 10 intensity zone involves about 220 thousand people in 8 counties of Sichuan. /kloc-Houses in the intensity zone above 0/0 degree can only be completely abandoned. They are the poorest people in the deep ditch and should move out of the deep ditch as soon as possible. Geological disasters alone have made people miserable, and those areas are completely uninhabitable. I suggest directly subsidizing these 220,000 people and letting them choose their own place of residence. The vast majority of mountain people can't live without their familiar living environment, and they don't have to move to Pingba, so they can be arranged in a relatively safe mountainous area nearby.

There are 654.38+ten thousand people here who have to leave their original living areas completely, because the cultivated land on which they depend has been completely destroyed by earthquakes, collapses and mudslides, and the basic means of production are gone. Moreover, the population in these ravines is so scattered that only a few families can live on a hill. The cost of government infrastructure such as road construction, power supply and communication is too high. With this resettlement, dozens of towns and villages will be relatively concentrated, which can greatly improve the efficiency of public services and ensure the safety of the people.

How to solve the survival problem of these mountain people in deep valleys, I have a suggestion of "disaster reduction, education and immigration". Of these 220,000 people, no more than tens of thousands will take the college entrance examination this year. If we digest these children in universities all over the country, that is to say, according to their achievements in the national examination, all children have the opportunity to go to college. Then these educated children don't need to go back to the poor ravine to find a way out. Once they are independent, there will be hope for their families. Other agricultural population with certain labor skills should be transformed into industrial population as soon as possible. The rest of the elderly, the sick and the disabled must rely on the government to provide relief, which is the price that the country must pay for this disaster.

The 8-degree intensity zone involves nearly 2.5 million people in Sichuan 1540 villages. The reality they face is that most houses can no longer be used. We have to do a lot of housing evaluation now. I suggest that these houses be divided into two categories: A and B. "A" means that they can live after reinforcement and "B" means that they are completely abandoned.

These people should be treated in two ways: concentrate when they can concentrate; If we can't concentrate, we should treat them separately and give full play to their enthusiasm. Their homes were only temporarily destroyed. They have the ability to work and can rebuild their homes after the disaster.

These people in the mountains actually have their own unique sources of income. Minerals, delicacies, Chinese herbal medicines and "farmhouse music" are all their ways to make a living. If these people move to cities, they are unwilling. An earthquake immigrant in Yunnan has this lesson. Later, we went to pay a return visit to the immigrants who had moved out of the mountains. They are not used to living on the flat land, and their previous earning skills are totally useless. The Sichuan villagers I met this time also have strong concerns. People in deep mountains are afraid of city life. "We don't know a few words, and we don't even want to sweep the road for the city people, do we?" Therefore, instead of making them uncomfortable, it is better to let them continue to "rely on the mountains to eat mountains." The government guarantees the safety of the mountainous areas where they live, and gives certain subsidies, which is what people in mountainous areas need most.

There are about 7.77 million people in Sichuan in the 7-degree intensity zone, and 70% ~ 80% of the houses in these areas can be inhabited after reinforcement.

This time, the government will build 654.38 million+00,000 prefabricated houses for the victims. The cost of each prefabricated house is at least 8000 yuan, and the service life is 654.38+0 ~ 3 years. After my investigation in the disaster area, I found that some farmers are not particularly welcome to prefabricated houses. They hope to give them a discount of 8,000 yuan to build a house of 40-50 square meters in their hometown. "The quality can be better than in the past, and it is also better than the prefabricated houses." We don't think all the victims are people who have lost their ability to work. They are willing to contribute to their home. After the government gives them subsidies, they can carry out this work by monitoring the seismic standards of the houses they build.

So I calculated an account: the urban population among the victims is less than 2 million, so according to the calculation that each set of prefabricated houses can accommodate 3-5 people, 500,000 sets of prefabricated houses can fully meet the needs of the urban population. For farmers, another 500,000 sets of prefabricated houses will be discounted, giving full play to farmers' enthusiasm and combining long-term resettlement with temporary resettlement. Otherwise, after three years, the prefabricated houses will not be used, and the accommodation of so many people will become a big problem.

Many houses in the 7-degree intensity zone are habitable, so among the more than 20,000 victims in/kloc-0, more than 2 million people will have no place to live in the future. We can do a good job in "two 500 thousand campaigns": first, build 500 thousand sets of prefabricated houses to solve the problem of urban population resettlement; One is to give farmers 500,000 sets of money to solve their own housing problems.

Generally speaking, of the more than150,000 people who need to be transferred in this Wenchuan earthquake, about120,000 people are victims, and the remaining millions of people only need to be temporarily transferred because of the dammed lake. 120,000 victims, I think that more than 200,000 people in the 10 intensity area really need to be resettled in other places, and the rest1180,000 people can be resettled locally or nearby.

The treatment of dammed lakes should be treated differently. Tangjiashan, which seriously endangers the lives of ordinary people, really needs to be diverted in time, but some of them are not life-threatening and can be kept. The value of natural lakes is not worse than farmers' breeding benefits. Jiuzhaigou, Huanglong and Diexi Haidu in Aba Prefecture were formed by previous crustal movement, and now they have become tourist attractions. Then, whether some natural lakes formed this time can be used for local people to engage in eco-tourism or develop aquaculture is the most realistic way out for local farmers.

What have we learned

In the past 10 years, China experienced floods, typhoons, SARS, snowstorms, earthquakes and other major disasters. I have been to the scene to participate in the investigation or assist in the command. China people's awareness of disaster prevention is particularly weak. When the first snow fell in the south this year, the people were particularly happy and thought that "snow is auspicious"; The second snow, some places think that it affects the traffic and feels unhappy; By the third snow, many people began to realize that it seemed that we were going to experience a catastrophe called "snowstorm". A relatively modern city like Chenzhou, Hunan Province, has come to a standstill because of a snowstorm. Is it because the government has no money to prevent disasters? I just don't realize it. I sorted out 30 decisions and reports during various snowstorms and reported them to the top of the central government.

After a catastrophe, our government, people and the whole Chinese nation should learn to be smarter and not be hurt by the same catastrophe again. In this Wenchuan earthquake, nearly 65,438+10,000 compatriots died and disappeared. They died in the disaster, so they should gain the safety awareness of 654.38+03 billion people, so that these 654.38+03 billion people can fight the disaster more safely, so that their misfortune will be meaningful.

After the "5. 12" Wenchuan earthquake, I really feel that people's response speed is quite fast, and the China government's ability to cope with disasters with national strength is the first in the world. However, people react quickly, but the equipment can't keep up. Over the years, China's ability to resist catastrophes has not been fundamentally improved. The government has a strong ability to mobilize relief materials, but the government has a weak awareness of disaster prevention for the people.

In the past few years, we have spared no effort to develop the economy, but we are unwilling to invest in security. Many economically developed provinces have little investment in disaster prevention. In recent years, the proportion of our disaster relief funds in fiscal expenditure has been declining, from 0.7% to 0. 1%, and human life depends on investment.

Beichuan county was almost completely destroyed in Wenchuan earthquake, and the reconstruction cost is too high, which will bring back too many sad memories. We are studying the establishment of a new Beichuan county more than 20 kilometers south of the old county. The location of the county seat has not been chosen yet, but one thing is very certain. We will keep a part of the old county as a relic of the Wenchuan earthquake for the public to remember. These living disasters warn people that we can't choose to forget some pains.

China is a country with frequent natural disasters, but can the Chinese nation establish a culture of disaster prevention? After the Wenchuan earthquake, this problem is even more urgent. It has been 32 years since the Tangshan earthquake. What aspects of our ability to face catastrophe have not been greatly improved? These are all worthy of reflection. There is too much inheritance of agricultural civilization in China people's nature, relying on the sky to eat and emphasizing experience, while the standards and norms in industrial civilization are very indifferent in our concept. But now nearly 65438+ ten thousand people have lost their lives, so we should pay more attention to planning disaster prevention and construction. In recent years, we have been immersed in the joy of rapid economic development. If this disaster gives us a profound lesson in disaster prevention and mitigation and makes our nation smarter in the face of disaster, it will be a blessing in disguise.