A little common sense about smog

Common sense in foggy days 1. How to defend against foggy days?

Protection should be done in foggy days: wearing masks is pervasive, and it is unrealistic to stay at home and not go out, so everyone must wear masks when traveling, especially the elderly, children and people with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and need to wear special PM2.5 masks to prevent smog. Protection should be done in foggy days: wearing frame glasses and contact lenses is very easy to cause corneal hypoxia, but in foggy days, because of the low air pressure.

It will aggravate corneal hypoxia and cause dry and uncomfortable eyes. In addition, tiny pollutants in the air can also sting the eyes, leading to eye allergies or infections.

Protection should be done in foggy days: carry wet paper towels with you to absorb particulate matter in the air, and a large number of germs and harmful substances are easy to stick to the skin, causing allergic symptoms. When going out, it is recommended that you carry a pack of wet wipes with you and clean your hands and nose at any time, which can greatly reduce the harm of smog.

The researchers found that the size of particles inhaled by human body is different, which leads to different deposition sites in the body, and the harm caused by direct oral inhalation is very great. For particles larger than 10 micron, nose hair can block 95% of haze days. The first thing we have to do when we go home is to wash our face, rinse our mouth and rinse our mouth. This can effectively clean the harmful substances attached to the skin surface, and repeatedly wash the nasal cavity with a clean cotton swab dipped in water.

How to protect yourself in foggy weather? Avoid exercising in foggy days. Old people have the habit of doing morning exercises. The smog in the morning is very serious. I suggest you exercise indoors instead.

If you have to go out, you must do morning exercises after the sun comes out. I suggest you stay away from the road as much as possible, because the concentration of pollutants is the highest during rush hours.

2. Little knowledge about the air, the harm of smog weather

How to deal with smog weather?

1 Try not to go out: due to the existence of large and small particles in foggy days, which is seriously harmful to health, particles will attach to the respiratory tract after entering the body, causing bronchitis and pharyngitis. In particular, the elderly and patients with respiratory diseases with relatively weak resistance should reduce their travel, or wear masks to protect their bodies when exercising outdoors.

There should be a limit to morning exercises: many people are used to morning exercises, but in fact, the time is not very correct for the human body. Because of the air exchange environment in the morning, the air quality is very poor, especially in foggy days, the respiratory tract is vulnerable to * * *, and it is easy to induce respiratory tract and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases during exercise.

Do a good job of personal hygiene, wash your face and rinse your mouth after going out, and change clothes when going out to remove the residue of pollution.

4. Pay attention to diet:

Drink plenty of water to speed up your metabolism.

B In diet, try to avoid the intake of spicy food, and there should be as few people who like to eat hot pot in winter as possible.

C light diet, eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, tremella, pears, persimmons, lilies, radishes, water chestnuts and other lung-moistening foods.

The main components of PM2.5 are elemental nitrogen, organic carbon compounds, sulfate and nitrate. There are other elements rich in the earth's crust such as sodium, magnesium, calcium, aluminum and iron, and heavy metal elements such as lead, zinc, cadmium and copper, which are mainly caused by human pollution. Although the spontaneous combustion process will also produce PM2.5, the main sources are man-made emissions, such as the burning of coal, gasoline and diesel, the burning of garbage, road dust, industrial pollution, forest fires, pollen bacteria and so on.

How did the sky smog appear?

In fact, large and small particles in the daily air will reduce daily visibility, but compared with coarse particles, fine particle PM2.5 has a stronger ability to reduce visibility. When visibility decreases, we will be blocked, blurred, unclear, etc. And it will also hinder the light irradiation.

Harm to human health?

Large particles are easily intercepted by the nose, throat and trachea, or excreted by the movement of villi. However, because PM2.5 is a fine particulate matter, once inhaled from the respiratory tract, it will deposit in human alveoli and then dissolve into the blood, causing blood poisoning and easily reaching the depths of the lungs. It will cause damage to the respiratory system and cardiovascular system, such as respiratory tract, cough, dyspnea, exacerbation of asthma attack, arrhythmia, heart disease and so on.

3. How to prevent smog in winter? How much do you know about the six winter smog prevention knowledge?

Winter is a season of high smog, and smog has arrived as scheduled these days.

In foggy days, visibility is low and breathing is not smooth. It really makes people complain. The streets are full of crowded pedestrians, and everyone is "talking about the haze." We all know that smog is extremely harmful to human health, so how to prevent smog in winter has become the most concerned topic for everyone.

Today, the weather network has compiled tips for preventing smog in winter for everyone. Go and see the following six winter anti-fog knowledge. How many do you know?

How to prevent smog in winter: wear a mask 1 when going out to minimize going out. Wearing a mask when going out is the most basic common sense. Pay more attention to the weather and go out as little as possible in foggy weather. People who go to work should prepare masks at home. It is necessary to wear masks when going out in foggy days, which can effectively filter harmful pollutants to some extent.

2, try not to open the window at home, in addition to trying not to go out, but also to resist the external smog pollutants, can not let them enter the home. At this time, the habit of getting up and opening the window every day will slow down a little.

It's best to wait for the smog to dissipate, and then open the window after the sun comes out and slowly fades. 3. Prepare more masks and wash them once. In this case, the harm of smog can be reduced more effectively.

Wash the mask as soon as possible and use a spare clean one the next day, otherwise the pollutants left on the mask are likely to cause secondary pollution. It is very important to wash your face, rinse your mouth and clean your nose after you go home. Although we wear masks and even headscarves, the air is full of dust, so it is impossible to be completely isolated.

Face, arms and other body parts are outside for a long time. It is a good habit to go home to wash your face, rinse your mouth and clear your nose. 5. Try to avoid outdoor sports. This is especially important for the elderly who love sports, especially those who like morning exercises. If there is foggy weather, don't try to go out for morning exercise.

Smog is easy to cause respiratory tract infection, so it is best to wait for a few days before resuming the exercise plan. 6, light diet, eat more vegetables and fruits to avoid heavy taste, fry spicy food, eat more vegetables and fruits, supplement more vitamins, and some foods that clear the lungs and moisten the throat can well alleviate the impact of smog. Drinking more water can well alleviate the smog weather. Harm to the body.

4. What harm does smog do to the skin? Tips for dealing with smog weather.

Skin also has the function of breathing. In clean air, it is easier to stay healthy and moist, but in heavily polluted environment, the safety barrier of skin is completely lost. Tiny dust particles, fine sand particles, bacteria, virus particles, etc. What is contained in the smog is evenly suspended in the air, and it will also stay on the skin of * *, which will affect the normal breathing of the skin, destroy the barrier function of the skin and easily induce allergic reactions. The attachment of tiny particles is not conducive to skin cleaning, which can easily lead to dull skin color and accelerate skin aging. Hazy days, ultraviolet rays are reduced, and the reproductive ability of bacteria and viruses is enhanced, which is even worse for inflammatory skin, increasing the burden on the skin and increasing the chance of inflammatory reaction. In the long run, the skin will become rough, the pores will be coarse, the skin will be dull and aging, and in severe cases, skin inflammation will occur.

1. Five adverse effects of smog on human skin. Visibility is small in foggy days, and pollutants such as floating objects and particles attached to the air can always be in close contact with the skin, which is inseparable. More people complain and panic when the haze comes. The effects and hazards of smoke on the skin are as follows

1, dull and yellow: turbid substances brought by smog weather will produce a lot of free radicals when attached to the skin. If the skin care and maintenance work is not done well, it is normal that the skin becomes rough and dull.

2, rough and dry: the winter weather is dry, there is not enough water, the skin will be dry and tight, if there is haze weather, the skin resistance will become more dry and rough.

3, facial acne: smog weather will definitely wear a mask for protection, but in a closed environment, because the air is not circulating and the water is not circulating, the skin is bound to grow acne.

4, blackheads: There are many suspended particles in the haze weather, which will inevitably block the pores to form blackheads, causing pore blockage, keratin accumulation and skin peeling. While doing a good job of protection, we must do a good job of deep cleaning.

5, allergies: the skin is sensitive in autumn and winter, and it is easier to gather toxins that infringe on the skin in continuous haze days. The friction between suspended matter in the air and skin can also cause skin allergy.

5. What should I pay attention to in foggy days?

1, try not to go out in foggy weather.

For patients with respiratory diseases, the elderly and children with poor resistance, try not to go out. When you have to go out, you should wear a mask, which can protect your body and prevent fine particles from invading your lungs through your mouth and nose. Wash your face with facial cleanser immediately after you come out.

Step 2 choose the right mask

Try to wear a mask when you go out in foggy weather, but don't wear a mask for more than four hours. If it is a cloth mask, it needs to be disinfected with water or disinfectant every day. Now there are some cheaper personalized masks on the market, the thickness of which can only reach one or two layers of cloth, which can't filter the viruses and dust in the smog at all. Disposable masks should not be reused, otherwise it will cause secondary pollution.

3. Close the doors and windows to purify the air.

Try not to open the window in foggy days. If you want to keep the indoor air fresh, you need to avoid the peak period of smog. You can choose to open the window for half an hour at 10 in the morning or around 4 pm.

For the weather in the north, people who use air conditioners to warm themselves should open windows for ventilation, so that there can be enough oxygen indoors. In addition, various green plants can be placed at home, such as evergreen or radish, because these plants have large leaves and strong adsorption capacity.

People with economic conditions can choose an air purifier, which can better purify the tiny particles in the air, but we must pay attention to changing the filter element frequently.

4, pay attention to diet

Usually you can eat more green leafy vegetables and fresh fruits. Try to choose white vegetables with lung moistening effect. In addition, you can choose red bean soup, which can not only detoxify, but also enrich blood. In addition, you can also choose lotus seeds and fungus, which can effectively protect the respiratory system, thus reducing the harm of smog to the body.

5. When the disease recurs, it should be treated in time.

For patients with chronic respiratory diseases, such as rhinitis, asthma, pharyngitis, high-risk groups of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, pregnant women and the elderly, try not to go out. If you have to go out, you should also take medicine with you to prevent the illness from getting worse.

Extended data:

Hazards of smoke:

1, the impact on the respiratory system.

The composition of smog is very complex, including hundreds of atmospheric chemical particles. Among them, aerosol particles smaller than 10 micron are harmful to health, such as mineral particles, sea salt, sulfate, nitrate, organic aerosol particles, fuel, automobile exhaust, etc., which can directly enter and adhere to human respiratory tract and alveoli.

In particular, submicron particles will be deposited in the upper and lower respiratory tract and alveoli respectively, causing acute rhinitis and acute bronchitis. For patients with chronic respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, obstructive emphysema, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smog weather will make the condition acute or acute. Staying in this environment for a long time will also induce lung cancer.

2. Influence on cardiovascular system.

Hazy days also have a serious impact on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which will hinder normal blood circulation, lead to cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebral hemorrhage, and may also induce angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and heart failure. And cause pulmonary heart disease in chronic bronchitis.

3. Hazy weather will also lead to the weakening of ultraviolet rays in the surface layer, which can enhance the activity of infectious bacteria in the air and increase infectious diseases.

4. It is not conducive to children's growth. In foggy days, due to the decrease of sunshine, insufficient ultraviolet radiation for children, insufficient production of vitamin D in the body, and greatly reduced absorption of calcium, rickets in infants and young children will be seriously caused, which will slow down the growth and development of children.

People's Network-How to reduce the harm caused by smog? It is very important to do these five things well.

Baidu encyclopedia-smog

6. Life Tips: How to prevent the harm caused by smog

1, reduce going out

The elderly, children and people susceptible to respiratory diseases with weak resistance should try to reduce going out or outdoor activities, and wear masks to protect their bodies when going out to prevent pollutants from invading the lungs through the nose and mouth. When you come back from going out, wash your face and skin immediately.

2. Wear a mask and go out less.

Wear a mask when going out, but it is best not to wear it for more than 4 hours. Cloth masks should be cleaned and disinfected with boiling water every day. Some personalized masks and cartoon masks are only one or two layers thick, so it is difficult to filter viruses and dust in the air. Common masks such as N95 and KN90 have a good protective effect on PM2.5, but they are not suitable for children. Disposable masks should not be used repeatedly to avoid secondary pollution.

3. Close the doors and windows to purify the air

Try to close the doors and windows in foggy days, and you can open the window for a short time when there is plenty of sunshine and less pollutants at noon. The installation and use of air purifiers can improve indoor air quality to some extent, and products that do not produce by-products such as ozone should be selected.

Step 4 put green plants indoors

Planting some green plants indoors can absorb carbon dioxide in the air and produce oxygen.

5, pay attention to diet

Patients with chronic respiratory diseases, especially the elderly, should keep scientific life rules, avoid overwork and drink plenty of water. Pay attention to a light diet, eat less sex food, eat more tofu, milk and other foods, and supplement vitamin D when necessary.

6. Be careful when driving and walking.

Moderate and severe haze weather, low visibility and poor line of sight. People who drive, ride and walk should be more careful, especially when passing through intersections and unguarded railway crossings, to slow down and obey traffic rules to avoid traffic accidents.

8, timely treatment of disease recurrence.

Patients with chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic pharyngolaryngitis, allergic rhinitis, cardiovascular diseases or the infirm, the elderly, children, pregnant women, etc. , should avoid going out. If you need to go out, especially patients with asthma and coronary heart disease, you should take medicine with you to avoid aggravation.

7. What should I pay attention to in foggy days?

Attention should be paid to the following problems in foggy days:

1, wear an anti-fog mask when traveling. As we all know, the most important thing in smog is that PM2.5 belongs to macromolecules, and the anti-smog mask is relatively thick, which has a good protective effect on the face and can breathe with confidence.

2. reduce travel. The smog is coming, so it is necessary to reduce travel and avoid contact with the outside world. The best way is to stay at home.

3. Go for a ride by bike. There is a lot of exercise during riding, and shortness of breath will inevitably inhale harmful substances, so at this time, you have to change to subway or bus, which is less pollution and faster.

4. Girls should wear cream when traveling. The function of cream is to isolate pollution and dust. Although we have anti-fog masks when we travel, we can't completely prevent small particles from adhering to the skin. Some girls with sensitive skin may develop acne, so they should be protected in advance.

5. Drink plenty of water. Hazy weather is most likely to occur in autumn and winter. The weather is very dry, and the respiratory tract and throat will be dry. Drinking more water can replenish the water lost in the body in order to cope with smog weather.

6. Keep a good mood. Many people's mood will be disturbed by the weather, and when the weather is bad, their mood will become very bad, especially in foggy days, and they don't want to go out, and they are also very depressed. Actually, none of this is useful. Even if the weather is bad, we should keep a good mood. Listening to music and watching movies will make us happy.

8. What should I pay attention to in foggy days?

How to prevent it

Wear masks

According to records, medical masks can block 95% of 0.3 micron particles. Choose a regular and qualified mask, wear it at the same time, buy a model that matches your face size, and stick it on your skin to the maximum extent, so that contaminated particles can't enter. The mask cannot be washed. After you take it off, you should wait until it is dry before folding it, so as to prevent the breathing moisture from breeding bacteria on the mask. The elderly and patients with cardiovascular diseases should avoid wearing it, because it is a professional anti-virus aerosol mask with good sealing performance, and it is easy to breathe and feel dizzy after wearing it.

Try not to ride a bike when going out.

Smog can temporarily reduce morning exercises and try to 10- 14 go out. At the same time, drink more water, smoke less, stay away from "second-hand smoke" and reduce the burden on organs such as lungs and liver. People who are used to riding bicycles and electric cars to work or going out for business should try to avoid the morning and evening rush hours of traffic jams and try to transfer to buses. This is because many chemical components in automobile exhaust are not completely burned and will float with fine particles in the air. When you ride a bike or an electric car, your body needs oxygen, and your lungs will inhale a lot of air.

When you enter the room, there are three things to do.

The cleaning method is simple. Do three things well: wash your face, rinse your mouth and clear your nose. It is best to wash your face with warm water, which can effectively clean the smog particles attached to the skin; The purpose of gargling is to remove dirt attached to the mouth; The key is to clean the nasal cavity. When cleaning the nasal cavity, be sure to absorb water gently to avoid choking. When cleaning the child's nasal cavity, parents can repeatedly wash the clean cotton swab with water.

Patients should go out less.

In this weather, reducing going out is the most effective way to protect yourself, especially for people with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and respiratory diseases. According to this study, when the fog concentration increases 103 μ g/m3, the risk of excess death from all causes of residents increases by 2.29\%, and the lag time is 1-2 days after excluding the influencing factors such as age, gender, time effect and meteorological factors. The risk of excess death caused by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is high, which is 3.08%.

Try not to open the window in foggy days.

Try not to open the window when the foggy weather escalates; If you really need to open the window for ventilation, try to avoid the morning and evening smog peak hours when opening the window. You can open a crack in the window to prevent the wind from blowing in directly, and the ventilation time should be half an hour to one hour at a time. Residents who use air conditioning for heating should pay special attention to opening windows to ensure adequate indoor oxygen.