The swindler's scam message is very low, but it will be sent. What principle (theorem) does this belong to? (It seems that marketing will also use this principle. )

Suppose a liar can only cheat two thousandths of people, and a thousand short messages cost 100 yuan. As long as everyone cheats into 50 yuan, the cost can be recovered. In fact, the monthly subscription fee for a large number of short messages will be reduced, and the amount cheated by scammers is far beyond 50 yuan. Therefore, although this kind of deception is considered by 998% people to be low-level, it is actually an extremely efficient deception. (mass texting saves manpower and energy)

This method is similar in marketing.